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Royal Jordanian Air Force

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Air warfare branch of Jordan's military
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Royal Jordanian Air Force
  • سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني
  • Silāḥ ul-Jawu al-Malakī 'al-Urdunī
Royal Jordanian Air Force emblem
Founded25 September 1955; 70 years ago (1955-09-25)
CountryHashemite Kingdom of Jordan
TypeAir Force
RoleAerial warfare,Air defense, andCounter-insurgency
Size
  • 14,000 active personnel[1]
  • 266 aircraft
[2]
Part ofJordanian Armed Forces
Air Staff OfficesTabarbour,Amman
National ColorsRed, white, black, green
       
Anniversaries25 September (Founding Day)
Engagements
WebsiteOfficial website
Commanders
Commander-in-ChiefKing Abdullah II
Prime Minister of JordanJafar Hassan
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of StaffMajor GeneralYousef Huneiti
Commander of the Royal Jordanian Air ForceBrigadier GeneralMohammad Hyasat[3]
Insignia
Roundel
Fin flash
Ensign
Aircraft flown
AttackAir Tractor AT-802
FighterF-16 Fighting Falcon
HelicopterMil Mi-26,Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk,Sikorsky S-70,AgustaWestland AW139,Eurocopter EC635,Aérospatiale AS332 Super Puma
Attack helicopterBell AH-1 Cobra,MD Helicopter MD530
ReconnaissanceCessna 208B Grand Caravan,CASA/ATK AC-235
TrainerGrob G 120TP,Pilatus PC-21,Bell 505,Robinson R44
TransportLockheed C-130 Hercules,PZL M28 Skytruck,Ilyushin Il-76
Military unit

TheRoyal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF; Arabic: سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني,Silāḥ al-Jaww al-Malakī al-ʾUrdunī) is the aerial warfare branch of theJordanian Armed Forces. Founded in 1955,[4] the RJAF serves as the primary air defense organization inJordan, with the mission of defending the nation’s airspace, providing ground support, and contributing to the broader national security strategy.[5] Its role has expanded over the years from purely defensive operations to includepeacekeeping,[6] humanitarian support,[7] and active participation in regional coalitions.[8]

Headquartered inAmman, the RJAF operates a variety of advancedfighter aircraft,helicopters, andtransport aircraft, with bases strategically positioned across Jordan.[9] Since its establishment, the RJAF has undergone significant modernization efforts, enhancing its capabilities to address evolving security challenges.[10] The force also collaborates closely with international allies, including theUnited States[11] and severalNATO countries, engaging in joint training exercises and defense partnerships.[12]

The RJAF has earned a respected position within theMiddle East due to its skilled personnel and its contributions to stability and security in the region.[13] With a focus on training and technological advancement, the RJAF continues to enhance its readiness and operational capabilities, representing a critical component of Jordan’s defense infrastructure.[14]

Mission

[edit]

To Protect and Defend the Sovereignty and Integrity of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

TheRoyal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) is dedicated to safeguarding Jordan’s airspace and supporting both national defense and humanitarian missions. Over the years, the RJAF has broadened its role to include regional assistance, humanitarian airlifts, and international peacekeeping efforts. The following outlines the key components of the RJAF’s mission, extended responsibilities, and recent involvement in humanitarian operations.

Core mission components

[edit]
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  • Precision engagement
The RJAF prioritizes selective application of force, emphasizing accuracy and control to limit collateral damage. This precision-based approach allows the RJAF to respond to diverse regional challenges with targeted, effective military actions, often in cooperation with coalition forces.[15]
  • Information superiority
Maintaining information superiority is critical for RJAF’s operational success. The RJAF integrates real-time intelligence and surveillance to provide joint force commanders with actionable insights, enabling informed strategic and tactical decisions.[16]
  • Agile combat support
Agility in logistics and combat support enables the RJAF to deploy and sustain operations effectively, whether from fixed bases or rapid-response units. The RJAF’s support structure ensures readiness for defensive actions and expeditions alike, reinforcing Jordan’s national defense and extending to international missions.[17]
  • Core values
The RJAF operates with a commitment to integrity, service, and excellence, underpinning its core competencies and distinct capabilities.

Secondary and additional tasks

[edit]

The RJAF’s mission includes essential support roles beyond its core defense responsibilities. These tasks encompass:

  • Supporting land forces: Providing air support in defense operations and assisting in any armed conflict with external powers.
  • Internal security: Assisting security forces in maintaining internal security, counter-smuggling efforts, and border surveillance.
  • Additional tasks
    • Air lift operations.
    • Search and rescue.
    • Medical evacuation.
    • Relief operations.
    • Evacuation of citizens from areas of conflict.

Humanitarian and peacekeeping missions

[edit]

The RJAF has played an increasingly active role in peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance. Despite limited resources, Jordan has committed its air force to peacekeeping operations and humanitarian missions across various continents. In 1994, the RJAF began participating in United Nations airlift operations, supporting Jordanian troops on peacekeeping assignments. As of recent years, the RJAF has logged over 200 flight hours in peacekeeping support worldwide.[18]

History

[edit]

Early foundations and British influence (1931–1955)

[edit]
Ade Havilland Vampire FB.6 illustrating the markings of the Royal Jordanian Air Force

Jordan gained independence in 1946, but its first air bases were established as early as 1931 by theRoyal Air Force to protect British interests and maintain stability in the region.[19] Initially, Jordan’s air defense was limited to observation and reconnaissance, with British personnel assisting in the development of this early force. By 1948, Jordan began forming a small air unit known as theArab Legion Air Force (ALAF), with assistance from the RAF in terms of training and equipment. The ALAF's primary fighter aircraft was thede Havilland Vampire, a British jet fighter, and aVickers VC.1 Viking was used as a VIP transport for the King of Jordan.[20]

In 1955,King Hussein recognized the need for a more autonomous and capable air force as part of Jordan’s modernization goals, officially establishing the RJAF on 25 September 1955.[21] The same year, Jordan received its first modern training aircraft from the United Kingdom, solidifying early efforts in pilot training and technical skills. By 1958, British forces had fully departed Jordan, and the RJAF assumed complete control over the nation’s airfields, marking a shift toward self-reliance.[22]

The Six-Day War and aftermath (1960s)

[edit]

In the early 1960s, the RJAF expanded its capabilities with the acquisition ofHawker Hunter aircraft for air defense, strengthening Jordan's combat abilities as regional tensions mounted.[23] In December 1964, the RJAF engaged in a notable air combat incident over the West Bank, where fourIsraeli Air Force Mirages encountered RJAF Hunters, resulting in damage to one Mirage with no Jordanian losses.[24] The RJAF’s role during theSix-Day War in 1967 was met with severe challenges as Israeli air raids destroyed most of Jordan’s aircraft on the ground, resulting in the near-total loss of the fleet.[25][26] Despite these losses, the RJAF quickly began efforts to rebuild, receiving assistance from the United Kingdom, which provided additional Hunters and training support.[27]

Modernization and regional alignments (1970s)

[edit]
Hunter F.58 of the Royal Jordanian Air Force

After the heavy losses of the 1967 war, the RJAF undertook substantial modernization efforts. In the early 1970s, it acquiredLockheed F-104 Starfighters from the United States, although these were later deemed unsuitable for Jordan’s defense needs due to their high operational costs and maintenance complexity. By 1977, these were transferred to thePakistan Air Force, leaving the RJAF to seek alternative solutions.[28]

During this period, the RJAF also procuredNorthrop F-5 Tiger jets fromIran, as part of Jordan’s strategic alliance with Iran during the Shah’s reign. These aircraft became vital to Jordan’s defense strategy, enabling a higher degree of regional operational capacity.[29] Additionally, the RJAF began usingCessna T-37 Tweets for advanced training, which helped establish a domestic pipeline for skilled pilots and technical staff.[30] In 1975, the RJAF retired its fleet ofHawker Hunters, transferring them to theOmani Air Force after unsuccessful attempts to sell the aircraft elsewhere.[31]

The Iran–Iraq War and continued upgrades (1980s)

[edit]

Following theEgypt–Israel peace treaty in 1979, the RJAF embarked on further modernization efforts supported by financial aid from several Arab states. The RJAF selected theDassault Mirage F1 over theGeneral Dynamics F-16/79 to serve as its frontline fighter due to its advanced avionics and agility in air-to-air combat.[32]

During theIran–Iraq War, Jordan remained a regional ally of Iraq, providing training support for Iraqi pilots. The RJAF participated in joint training exercises, allowing Jordanian and Iraqi pilots to operate side-by-side in combat simulations. However, there is no confirmed evidence that RJAF personnel directly engaged in combat missions.[33] During this period, the RJAF also acquiredLockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft, which became instrumental in supporting Jordan’s international peacekeeping missions, as well as humanitarian efforts throughout the Middle East and North Africa.[34]

The Gulf War and resource constraints (1990s)

[edit]

Jordan’s complex political relationship withIraq during theGulf War left the RJAF in a difficult position, as Jordan chose not to commit forces to combat. However, the aftermath of the war led to economic strains that impacted the RJAF, resulting in a shift towards modernization through upgrades rather than acquiring new aircraft.[35] In a bid to sustain operational readiness, the RJAF sold seven of its F-5E jets to Singapore, utilizing the proceeds to fund upgrades to its remaining fleet. This included the installation of the AN/APG-67 radar, advanced fire control systems, and upgraded weapons systems, which allowed the F-5s to maintain relevance in modern air combat despite lacking beyond-visual-range capabilities.[36]

By the late 1990s, the RJAF had established itself as a capable regional air force focused on maintaining a balance between operational readiness and cost-effectiveness. Continued support from international allies, including the United States and NATO members, played a significant role in helping Jordan sustain its air defense infrastructure amid limited resources.[37]

Modern era

[edit]
Jordanian F-16s

Following the Gulf War, the Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) initiated a broad modernization program to address regional security challenges and enhance its strategic capabilities. As part of these efforts, Jordan acquired a range of transport, combat, and special operations aircraft.

In the early 1990s, Jordan procured twoAirbus C-295 light transport aircraft to support logistics and tactical operations. The acquisition of severalAntonov An-32 aircraft fromUkraine provided the RJAF with enhancedSTOL capabilities, allowing rapid transport for theRoyal Special Forces in remote or challenging environments.[38] However, the operational status of the An-32s has been uncertain in recent years, with the focus shifting to newer models.[39] In 1997, Jordan further enhanced its tactical airlift with the addition of aLockheed C-130 Hercules, critical for both domestic operations and regional humanitarian missions.[40]

Jordanian UH-1N Twin Huey in 2004

To improve heavy lift and logistics capabilities, the RJAF acquired twoIlyushin Il-76MF freighters from Russia in 2006. These aircraft have been instrumental in supporting Jordan’s extensive peacekeeping missions and other international deployments.[41] Additionally, the RJAF began to explore multi-role gunships, converting twoCASA/IPTN CN-235 aircraft into AC235 gunships in collaboration with theKing Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau (KADDB) and U.S. defense companyOrbital ATK. These gunships, equipped with advanced sensors and precision weaponry, are intended to support special operations and counter-insurgency efforts.[42] The RJAF later explored the gunship version of theAirbus C-295 to further expand its close air support capabilities.[43]

The Jordanian Special Operations Aviation Brigade, created to support high-priority missions, has operatedSikorsky UH-60L Black Hawk andMD Helicopters MD-530F helicopters for special operations and border security missions. In the late 1990s, the RJAF received two squadrons of AH-1F Cobra gunships from the U.S. Army, later transferring some toPakistan as Jordan transitioned to new platforms, including theBoeing AH-6 light attack helicopter.[44]

Under the U.S. Military Assistance Program, Jordan received 18 surplusBell UH-1H helicopters in 1994, followed by an additional 18 in 1996. The UH-1H helicopters were subsequently transferred to theIraqi Air Force as Jordan moved to acquire newer platforms.[45] In recent years, Jordan acquired eight UH-60A Black Hawks through a U.S. no-cost lease, and a further eight UH-60M Black Hawks were delivered in 2017 as part of a U.S. grant valued at $200 million.[46]

The RJAF maintains close military cooperation with neighboring air forces, providing training forBahraini pilots and logistical support to theIraqi Air Force. The RJAF also plays a critical role in joint operations with theUnited States Air Force, conducting routine exercises to enhance regional interoperability and readiness.[47] The current commander of the Royal Jordanian Air Force isBrigadier GeneralMohammad Hyasat.[48]

Operations in Syria and regional conflicts (2014–present)

[edit]
Jordanian F-5 Tiger II aircraft

The RJAF has been active in regional conflicts, notably in the fight againstISIS and other terrorist organizations in Syria. On 16 April 2014, Jordanian fighter jets conducted airstrikes on vehicles attempting to cross from Syria into Jordan.[49] The following September, the RJAF joined U.S.-ledOperation Inherent Resolve airstrikes against ISIS, marking Jordan's commitment to regional security.[50]

In December 2014, a Jordanian F-16 crashed nearRaqqa, Syria, resulting in the capture of the pilot, Flight LieutenantMoaz Youssef al-Kasasbeh, by ISIS militants. Despite diplomatic efforts, al-Kasasbeh was executed in early 2015, leading to a renewed commitment by Jordan against ISIS.[51] On 5 February 2015, the RJAF launched intensified strikes against ISIS positions in Syria, deploying 20 F-16s in operations supported by U.S.-supplied munitions, including JDAM precision bombs.[52]

In 2015, RJAF received 16 Bell AH-1E/F Cobras from Israel IAF, further bolstering the RJAF’s counterinsurgency capabilities along Jordan’s borders. While active in Syria, in late 2015 the RJAF shifted some resources to support Saudi-led operations against Houthi rebels inYemen, although Jordan maintained a limited presence in Syria.[53]

In late January 2024, the Royal Jordanian Air Force was actively involved in a coordinated response following theTower 22 drone attack on a U.S. base in northeastern Jordan. This attack, attributed to an Iranian-supplied drone launched by Iranian-backed militias, resulted in the deaths of three American soldiers and injured over 40 others. The drone struck Tower 22, a logistics and support base near the Syrian border, underscoring the increasing threats posed by regional militias.[54]

On February 3, 2024, as part of the U.S.-led retaliation, RJAF F-16s joined American B-1B bombers and other aircraft in a series of airstrikes targeting strategic militia positions across Syria and Iraq. The operation, involving over 125 precision-guided munitions, was aimed at weakening the operational capabilities of the militias responsible for the Tower 22 attack. The RJAF provided air support along the Syria-Iraq border, focusing on surveillance and striking secondary targets to limit militia movements and escape routes.[55][56]

In Syria, the strikes targeted several high-value facilities inDeir ez-Zor andal-Bukamal, including weapons depots, intelligence centers, and militia command posts affiliated with pro-Iranian forces. These locations served as vital hubs for arms and personnel, enabling cross-border operations by militias. The RJAF's involvement marked its expanded role in regional counterterrorism and security efforts, signaling its commitment to supporting coalition forces against Iranian influence.[57]

RJAF’s role in these strikes highlighted Jordan’s expanding security alliance with the United States, reflecting a proactive stance on countering threats from Iranian-aligned militias. Analysts have noted that this operation demonstrates Jordan’s strategic importance in regional security, as well as the RJAF’s growing capacity to participate in complex, multilateral defense operations.[58]

On January 2026 the RJAF conducted airstrikes targeting sites belonging to ISIS terrorist group. The airstrikes were part of the International Coalition operating in Syria.[59]

Humanitarian airlifts to Gaza (2023–present)

[edit]

In response to the humanitarian crisis during the war inGaza, the RJAF coordinated critical aid missions to deliver supplies to affected areas. As part of Jordan’s commitment to supporting Palestinian civilians, the RJAF carried out multiple air drops of food, medical supplies, and essential relief items to Gaza, under challenging conditions and amidst ongoing regional conflict.[60] This mission underscored Jordan’s role in regional humanitarian assistance, with the RJAF working closely with international agencies to ensure safe passage and distribution of aid.[61]

June 2025 Israel Iran escalation

[edit]

Following theJune 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran the RJAF scrambled fighter jets and activated its air defense systems to intercept Iranian drones that entered Jordanian airspace, preventing them from reaching Israel as part of a defensive coallition.[62][63]

Organization

[edit]

The Royal Jordanian Air Force has a strength of 14,000 active personnel.[1] It contains six major airbases in addition to nineteen air squadrons, fourteen I-Hawk Batteries, and two training schools (a fighter aviation training school and a school of air combat). The Royal Jordanian Air Force Headquarters is at King Abdullah I Airbase in Amman.

BaseSquadronAircraft
King Abdullah I Air Base[64]
Marka district,Greater Amman Municipality,Jordan
3 SquadronC-130H, M28, Il-76TD
7 SquadronAS332M-1, UH-60A, EC635T1, EC635T2i
Royal SquadronS-70A-11, UH-60M VIP, AW-139
Air Ambulance CenterAW-139
King Abdullah II Air Base[64]
Al Ghabawi,Zarqa Governorate,Jordan
8 SquadronUH-60M
9 SquadronS-100
10 SquadronAH-1F (SES)
12 SquadronAH-1F
14 SquadronUH-60A
15 SquadronCe208B-ISR, Ce208B EX-ISR
25 SquadronAT-802U, AT-802i Block 4, AT-802F
28 SquadronMD530FF, AH 530 Block II (on order)
30 SquadronUH-60L
32 SquadronAC-235
Zarqa Air Base[64]
Sahel Nassab,Zarqa Governorate,Jordan
9 SquadronS-100
26 SquadronMi-26T2
King Hussein Air Base[64]
Mafraq,Mafraq Governorate,Jordan
4 SquadronG120TP
5 SquadronR44-II, Bell 505
11 SquadronPC-21
Flight Instructor SchoolG120TP
Muwaffaq Salti Air Base[64]
Azraq,Zarqa Governorate,Jordan
1 SquadronF-16AM/BM
2 Squadron (OCU)F-16AM/BM
6 SquadronF-16AM/BM, F-16C/D (on order)
Rweished Air Base[64]
Ruwaished,Mafraq Governorate,Jordan
10/12 Squadron (det.)AH-1F, AH-1F (SES)
15 Squadron (det.)Ce208B-ISR, Ce208B EX-ISR
Prince Hassan Air Base[64]
Safawi,Mafraq Governorate,Jordan
No Squadrons
King Faisal Air Base[64]
Al-Jafr,Ma'an Governorate,Jordan
No Squadrons

Squadrons

[edit]
  • No. 1 Squadron RJAF – the Squadron was formed in 1958 with theHawker Hunter and later equipped with F5s, the Mirage F1, and now the General Dynamics/Lockheed F-16.[64] It has been based in Amman, Mafraq and now Azraq, with short periods at H5, and Habbaniya (Iraq).[65]
  • No. 2 Squadron RJAF – was first formed in 1958 withde Havilland Vampires then with Hunters and later in 1974 withF5As and Bs as an advanced training squadron atKing Hussein Air Base, Mafraq. It subsequently flew from Amman and Mafraq as a fighter squadron, then flew again from Mafraq, renamed in 1978 as theKing Hussein Air College, with theCASA C-101 as the advanced jet trainer.[66] It is now at MSAB equipped with the F-16.[64]
  • No. 3 Squadron RJAF – was formed in 1959 and was a mixture of fixed-wing and helicopter until February 1973 when a helicopter squadron was formed. Its aircraft have included thede Havilland Dove; Heron; Ambassador; C47; C119; Brittan Norman Islander;CASA 212 and 235, with a helicopter flight ofWestland Whirlwind; Widgeon; Scout andAlouette III. The Squadron belongs to the Air Lift Wing and is based at KAAB, Amman (Amman Civil Airport).[67] It is now equipped with theLockheed C-130 Hercules andCASA 295.[64]

Royal Jordanian Air Defence

[edit]
  • Royal Jordanian air defense is part of the Royal Jordanian Air Force and is equipped with Surface-to-Air missiles and Anti-Aircraft guns and Radar stations, as well as modern Electronic Warfare center and electronic countermeasure which is linked to command and control (C2) centers.
  • Jordan provided with an integrated, real-time air picture across multiple command centers and many remote sites to better protect the country's airspace. The system, known as Omnyx™, will combine sensor, voice and data communications to provide interoperability throughout the Royal Jordanian Air Force and other elements of Jordan's armed forces. With input from radars and other data links, the system will assist in detecting incoming air traffic and also provide the capabilities needed for airspace management, air sovereignty and air defense missions.[68]
  • RJAF C2 and EW Capability
    • Omnyx™ System enabling Jordanian Air Force to track and identify aircraft, evaluate any threats, initiate or monitor airborne engagements and enhance situational awareness of Jordanian airspace at all times.[68][69]
    • Jordan have a C4ISR subsystem capable of serving multiple internal services and agencies within Jordan and An Air Defense subsystem capable of early warning of air attack and real-time Command and Control (C2) of national air defense forces.[70][71][72][73]
    • RADIANT C4I National EW network, connecting regional control centers, ground radars and AD assets.
    • Jordan has the ability to detect cruise missiles, aircraft and unmanned drones at long distances through the project linking five U.S. 3D radars (1 FPS-117, 4 TPS-77), QAIA Radar and Gap-filler radars with ADSI (Air Defence System Integrator),[74] Airbases and all Fire Units to build air defence umbrella (IADS).
  • Air Surveillance Radars
    • 1AN/FPS-117 3D Radar[75]
    • 4AN/TPS-77 3D Radar
    • 5 AN/TPS-63 Tactical 2D Radar
    • 5 Marconi S711 Radar (Upgraded by AMS UK in 2005)
    • Gap-filler & Border Surveillance radars
  • Medium & Long Range Air Defence
    • 24MIM-23B Phase III I-Hawk[76] (upgraded in 2016)[citation needed]
      • In the period from 2004 to 2012 the components of 8 Hawk Phase III batteries were acquired gradually and some old Hawk batteries were modernized to Phase III,[77] Jordan received more than 400 MEI-23E missiles in 2014 and 2016.[citation needed]

Equipment

[edit]

Current inventory

[edit]
An F-16AM flying an air refueling mission
A Bell AH-1F Cobra
A C-130H Hercules fly over at the 2004RIAT
AircraftOriginTypeVariantIn serviceNotes
Combat aircraft
F-16 Fighting Falcon United StatesMultirole combat aircraftF-16C/D Block 700 (16 on order)12 ordered in 2024 with an option for 4 additional aiframes

Pending delivery by 2027, will feature advanced AESA radar and upgraded avionics[78][79]

F-16AM Block 20 MLU44Single-seat variant

Upgraded to MLU standard[80] with improved avionics, radar, and compatibility with modern weaponry

F-16BM Block 20 MLU15-18Dual-seat variant, used for both operational missions and training

Upgraded to MLU standard[80]

Special Mission
CASA/IPTN CN-235 Spain / United States / JordanCOIN /ISRAC-2352Delivered in 2011

Modified as gunships, armed withM230 chain gun,APKWS rockets andAGM-114 Hellfire missiles, byJODDB andOrbital ATK in 2014[81]

Cessna 208B Grand Caravan United StatesISRCe208B-ISR6Delivered between 2009 and 2011
Ce208B EX-ISR62 airframes delivered in 2017

4 airframes modified by IOMAX delivered in 2024[82]

Air Tractor AT-802 United StatesCOIN /ISRAT-802U4Airframes initially intended forYemen, delivered to Jordan in 2016
AT-802i Block 4 BPA6Gifted by theUnited Arab Emirates Air Force in 2014 as Block 2 BPA, upgraded to Block 4 by IOMAX[83]
Air Tractor AT-802 United StatesFire-fighting aircraftAT-802F2Delivered in 2023[84]
Transport
Lockheed C-130 Hercules United StatesTactical AirlifterC-130H7+3 in the future4 airframes delivered in the 1980s and 3 ex-USAF airframes delivered in 2021 and 2022[85]

Plans for an additional 3 airframes[86]

PZL M28 Skytruck PolandTactical Airlifter2Delivered in 2013 and 2015

Both airframes modified bySierra Nevada Corporation in 2016 and 2018[87][88][89]

Ilyushin Il-76 RussiaStrategic AirlifterIl-76TD2One leased fromSilk Way Airlines,[90] the other from UATG - Uz Aero Tech Group
Gulfstream G650/G700/G800 United StatesRoyal transportationG650ER1Registered VQ-BNZ
Helicopters
Bell AH-1 Cobra United StatesAttack HelicopterAH-1F3249 airframes were delivered between 1985 and 2016

Between 8 and 16 airframes were transferred to thePakistan Air Force in the 2010s[91]

2 airframes were transferred to thePhilippines Air Force in 2019[92]

At least 2 airframes were transferred to theKenya Air Force in 2017[93]

Only a few non-upgraded airframes remain in service

AH-1F (SES)1112 refurbished airframes capable of carryingAGM-114 Hellfire missiles andAPKWS rockets[94]

One airframe crashed in June 2023[95]

MD Helicopters MD530 United StatesAttack HelicopterMD530FF6Delivered in 2006, received an avionics upgrade in 2024[96]
AH530 Block II6Ordered in August 2023[96]

4 airframes delivered in December 2024 and 2 others in June 2025

Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk United StatesUtility Helicopter /SARUH-60A8Delivered in 2015 and 2016[97][98]
UH-60L8Delivered in 2007 and used forspecial operations[99][100]
UH-60M16 (4 on order)12 combat-capable airframes delivered in 2017 and 2018[101][102]

4 VIP-configured airframes forRoyal transportation have been delivered between 2013 and 2024

4 airframes ordered in 2024 will receive an armament upgrade[103]

Sikorsky S-70 United StatesVIP HelicopterS-70A-115Delivered in the 1980s and 1990s asRoyal transportation
AgustaWestland AW139 ItalyVIP Helicopter /MEDEVAC32 airframes are MEDEVAC-configured and operate on behalf of theJordan Air Ambulance Center

The third is VIP-configured forRoyal transportation

Eurocopter EC635 France / GermanyUtility HelicopterEC635T199 ex-Portuguese airframes acquired in 2003 and 2004, some airframes have received an armament upgrade
EC635T2i34 airframes delivered in 2007[104]

1 airframe crashed in February 2016[105]

Aérospatiale AS332 Super Puma FranceUtility HelicopterAS332M-1711 airframes were delivered in 1987

1 airframe crashed in 1989[106]

3 airframes transferred to theBenin Air Force in July 2023[107]

Mil Mi-26 RussiaHeavy Lift HelicopterMi-26T24Delivered in 2018 and 2019[108][109]
Trainer aircraft
Pilatus PC-21 SwitzerlandAdvanced Trainer12Delivered between 2017 and 2019[110]
Grob G 120TP GermanyBasic Trainer1316 airframes delivered between 2016 and 2018

3 airframes crashed, in December 2017,[111] in June 2022[112] and in February 2024[113]

Bell 505 Jet Ranger X United StatesHelicopter Trainer10Delivery completed in July 2024[114]
Aérospatiale AS350 Écureuil FranceHelicopter TrainerAS350B31At least 7 ex-UAEAF airframes delivered in the 2000s

6 airframes sold into the civilian market

Robinson R44 United StatesHelicopter Trainer12Delivered between 2014 and 2016

Will be phased out in favour of the newer Bell 505

Retired aircraft

[edit]

Over the years, theRoyal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) has operated a variety of aircraft that have since been retired from active service. These aircraft contributed significantly to training, combat, transport, and reconnaissance missions, and reflect the development of the RJAF’s capabilities over time. Notable retired aircraft include:

Fighter and Combat aircraft:

  • de Havilland Vampire – The Vampire was one of the RJAF’s earliest jet fighters, entering service in the 1950s and eventually retired to Jordanian museums, including the Royal Tank Museum and the RJAF Museum.[115]
  • Hawker Hunter
  • F-104 Starfighter – This high-speed interceptor served during the Cold War and is notable for its unique design and supersonic capabilities.[116]
  • Northrop F-5 Tiger II
  • Dassault Mirage F1 – A multi-role fighter used extensively in defense roles, retired as the RJAF modernized its fleet with F-16s.[117]

Training and Liaison aircraft:

Transport and Utility aircraft:

Helicopters:

  • Alouette III – A light utility helicopter used for search and rescue, medical evacuation, and transport.
  • Aérospatiale Gazelle – Served in reconnaissance and light utility roles, notable for its agility and versatility.
  • Bell UH-1 Iroquois
  • Sikorsky S-76 – Utilized in transport and air support, with some preserved in Jordanian museums.

Several of these retired aircraft, including the de Havilland Vampire, de Havilland Dove, and others, have been preserved in museums across Jordan, such as the Royal Tank Museum and the RJAF Museum, celebrating Jordan's aviation history and the RJAF’s heritage.

Future developments

[edit]

TheRoyal Jordanian Air Force has been on a dynamic journey of modernization, acquiring new aircraft, phasing out older models, and pushing forward with advanced upgrades to maintain an edge in the region. Here’s a timeline of RJAF’s recent strategic advancements and milestones:

On 24 July 2019, the RJAF Commander, Major GeneralYousef Huneiti, received a significant promotion to serve as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Jordanian Armed Forces, underscoring his valuable contributions to Jordan's military.[121] Brigadier General Zaid Al-Najrish was appointed as the new Commander of the RJAF, with a commitment to continue the path of professionalism established by his predecessor.

On 3 March 2020, news broke that the RJAF had shifted its plans from upgrading older F-16s to procuring the latestF-16 Block 70/72 models. The RJAF aimed to replace its aging fleet with these state-of-the-art fighters featuring advanced radar, enhanced avionics, and extended capabilities.[122]

In September 2020, the RJAF began working closely with theU.S. Air Force’sAir Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) atWright Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio on a study for the Block-70 operational upgrade program.[123]

On 28 July 2021, the RJAF unveiled its upgradedF-16 MLU (Mid-Life Upgrade) fighters, which have been enhanced to MLU levels 5 and 6.5. This upgrade is approximately equivalent to the capabilities of theF-16C/D Block 50/52 series, equipping the jets with advanced munitions likeGBU bombs,JDAM kits,AAM, andASM weapons, as well as targeting and reconnaissance pods. The Ministry of Defense showcased the RJAF pilots training on these upgraded aircraft.[124]

Following these upgrades, on 14 November 2021, it was announced that the latest F-16 MLU 6.5 fighters were painted with Glass V Paint, a radar-absorbent coating designed to enhance the aircraft’s stealth capabilities. This paint is part of Jordan's strategy to bolster the survivability of its F-16 fleet in a high-threat environment.[125]

On 3 February 2022, theUnited States Department of State authorized a potential Foreign Military Sale of up to 16F-16 C/D Block 70 aircraft to Jordan, valued at approximately $4.21 billion. This includes a mix of 12 single-seat F-16Cs and four twin-seat F-16Ds, along with 21 F100 engines (with five spares) and additional systems and armament.[126][127]

As part of its long-term modernization strategy, in January 2023, the RJAF confirmed the phased retirement of older aircraft types while prioritizing the F-16 Block 70 deliveries expected to begin in late 2024. The Block 70, known for itsAESA radar and advanced avionics, will bring a significant boost in both air-to-air and air-to-ground combat capabilities.[128]

In March 2024, the RJAF unveiled its enhanced fleet readiness, stating that it had increased operational training hours in preparation for the arrival of the Block 70s.[129]

The RJAF’s modernization continues into November 2024, with the first batch of F-16 Block 70s anticipated by year’s end. This acquisition will cement Jordan’s air superiority role in the region, equipping it with a versatile fighter capable of handling modern threats across a range of mission profiles.[130]

Personnel

[edit]

Commanders

[edit]
US GeneralMartin E. Dempsey (left) with Major General Malek Al-Habashneh, the chief of the RJAF in 2013.

The Royal Jordanian Air Force is headed by the Commander. The chiefs of the RJAF are as follows:[131]

  1. 1956–1962 Major (Colonel)Ibrahim Osman
  2. 1962 MajorJereis Musharbash
  3. 1962 MajorSahal Hamzeh
  4. 1962–1970 Major (Major-General)Saleh El Kurdi
  5. 1971–1973 BrigadierWalid Sharafuddin
  6. 1973–1976 BrigadierAbboud Salem Hassan
  7. 1976–1980 Major (Major-General)Saleh El Kurdi
  8. 1980–1982 Brigadier (Major-General)Tayseer Zarour
  9. 1983–1993 Brigadier (Lieutenant-General)Ihsan Shurdom
  10. 1993–1994 Brigadier (Major-General)Awni Bilal
  11. 1994–1995 Brigadier (Major-General)Mohammed El Qudah
  12. 1995–1999 Brigadier (Major-General)Mohammed Khair Ababneh
  13. 1999–2002 Brigadier (Major-General)So'oud Nuseirat
  14. 2002–2004 Brigadier (Major-General) His Royal HighnessPrince Faisal bin Hussein
  15. 2004–2006 Brigadier (Major-General)Hussein Al Biss
  16. 2006–2010 Brigadier (Major-General)Hussein Shodash
  17. 2010–2013 Brigadier (Major-General)Malek Al-Habashneh
  18. 2013–2016 Brigadier (Major-General)Mansour Al-Jbour
  19. 2016–2019 Brigadier (Major-General)Yousef Huneiti
  20. 2019–2021 Brigadier (Major-General) Zaid Naqrash
  21. 2021–Present Brigadier (Major-General)Mohammad Hyasat

Notable persons

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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External links

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