The Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM;French:Conservatoire royal de musique[a]), branded asThe Royal Conservatory, is anon-profit music education institution and performance venue headquartered inToronto,Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1886 byEdward Fisher asThe Toronto Conservatory of Music. In 1947, KingGeorge VI incorporated the organization throughroyal charter. Its Toronto home was designated aNational Historic Site of Canada in 1995, in recognition of the institution's influence on music education in Canada.[1][2] Tim Price is the currentChair of the Board, and Alexander Brose is the President and CEO.
The original home of The Toronto Conservatory of Music in 1886The Toronto Conservatory of Music at southwest corner of College Street and University Avenue,c. 1897McMaster Hall (right -c. 1881) and Castle Memorial Hall (left -c. 1901)c. 1906The Royal Conservatory of Music on Bloor Street West in 2011
The conservatory was founded in 1886 as The Toronto Conservatory of Music and opened in September 1887, located on two floors above a music store at the corner ofDundas Street (Wilton Street) andYonge Street (at today'sSankofa Square).[3] Its founderEdward Fisher was a young organist born in the United States.[4] The conservatory became the first institution of its kind in Canada: a school dedicated to the training of singers and instrumentalists, and also to instilling a love of music in young children.[5] In its first year, it hired Italian musician and composerFrancesco D'Auria to teach at the conservatory.[6]
The conservatory's initial intake was just over 100, and by its second quarter this number had grown to nearly 300 as its reputation quickly spread.[7] In 1897, the organization purchased a new property atCollege Street andUniversity Avenue (now site of theIntact Centre) to accommodate its rapid expansion. From its earliest days, it was affiliated with theUniversity of Toronto with the purpose of preparing students for degree examinations[7] and shared its premises with theUniversity of Toronto, Faculty of Music from 1919.
In 1906,Frank Welsman – who became the principal of the conservatory – founded and directed the Toronto Conservatory Orchestra, which became theToronto Symphony Orchestra two years later.
Toronto College of Music and Canadian Academy of Music
The period between 1918 and 1924 witnessed a series of mergers amongmusic conservatories in Toronto. The Toronto College of Music was founded in 1888 byconductor F.H. Torrington, and became the first music conservatory affiliated with the University of Toronto. After Torrington's death in 1917, the school merged with the Canadian Academy of Music in 1918.[8] The academy itself had been founded in 1911 byAlbert Gooderham, who financed the school out of his own personal fortune and served as the school's only president during its 13-year history. The academy, in turn, merged into the Toronto Conservatory of Music in 1924.[9]
Glenn Gould – arguably the conservatory's most outstanding pupil – studied theory,organ, and piano, graduating at the age of 12 in 1946 with an ARCT diploma of the highest honours.[10]
In 1947,King George VI awarded the conservatory itsroyal charter in recognition of its status as one ofthe Commonwealth's greatest music schools.[5] The Toronto Conservatory of Music became The Royal Conservatory of Music.
DuringEttore Mazzoleni's term as principal (1945–68), the conservatory grew rapidly. Mazzoleni had been director of the Conservatory Orchestra since 1934. Two other prominent figures who contributed to the achievements of this period were chairman of the board Edward Johnson (who served from 1947 to 1959) and Arnold Walter, who was appointed director of the new Senior School in 1946. The Senior School offered a two-year program with professional performance training combined with related courses in theory and history. The initial success of the project gave rise to a three-year program leading to an Artist Diploma, as well as the conservatory's Opera School (begun in 1946), which provided training in all aspects of opera production. These developments led to the creation of the Royal Conservatory Opera Company, which went on to become theCanadian Opera Company in 1959.
With space now a major problem, the University of Toronto sold the College Street property toOntario Hydro in 1962 (demolished to make way for the Ontario Power Building in 1975), and the conservatory moved to 273 Bloor Street West, the original site ofMcMaster University or McMaster Hall as well as Castle Memorial Hall. The concert and recital halls of the College Street site were only partially replaced in the move, and the library, residence, and all three pipe organs were lost.[11]
The conservatory was governed by the University of Toronto from 1963 until 1991, at which time it became a wholly independent institution again, taking control of its building and diverse music programs.[5] Peter Simon was appointed president of the conservatory.[12]
Also in 1991, the conservatory developed a master plan to renovate its historic building and expand it with the construction of new facilities on the same site. The plan was carried out byKuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects (KPMB) in stages, initially with the 1997 renovation of Mazzoleni Concert Hall in the historic Ihnatowycz Hall.[13] The plans for this renovation are held at theCanadian Centre for Architecture inMontreal.[14] The new construction is named theTELUS Centre for Performance and Learning and features academic and performance spaces; the acoustically sound, 1,135-seat Koerner concert venue; studios; classrooms; a new-media centre; a library; and a rehearsal hall.[15] During the renovations, the conservatory temporarily moved to the former location of theToronto District School Board'sUrsula Franklin Academy in theDufferin and Bloor West area.[16][17] In September 2008, the conservatory returned to a newly renovated and expanded headquarters at 273 Bloor Street West near Avenue Road. Koerner Hall opened on 25 September 2009, beginning a new age of large-scale performances at The Royal Conservatory.[18]
The original building, McMaster Hall, was renamed Ihnatowycz Hall in 2005,[19] in reference to the contribution of alumni Ian Ihnatowycz and Marta Witer.[19] The designation of this site as a heritage building required that the majority of the original materials and formal qualities be maintained while complying with thebuilding code. The original brickwork was maintained: decorative red brick,Medina sandstone, and polished granite.[20] The imposing manner of the building demonstrates the prominent form of the building.[21]
This is the division of The Royal Conservatory that sets and supports standards in music examinations across Canada and internationally.[23] The organization conducts 100,000 examinations annually in over 300 communities around the world.
Examinations are conducted three or four times each year in more than 300 communities through a network of local centres. The Certificate Program encompasses all levels and spans 11 grades: from beginner to certification as an Associate of The Royal Conservatory of Music (ARCT), to certification as a Licentiate of The Royal Conservatory of Music (LRCM).[24]
Achievement on the examinations of The Royal Conservatory is recognized for credit toward secondary school graduation in many school systems in Canada. For most provinces in Canada, a Level 6 Certificate and Level 6 Theory (formerly Intermediate Rudiments) counts as Grade 10 credit, a Level 7 Certificate and Level 6 or Level 7 Theory (also formerly Intermediate Rudiments) counts as Grade 11 credit, and a Level 8 Certificate and Level 8 Theory (formerly Advanced Rudiments) counts as Grade 12 credit. One's standing in the Certificate Program also plays an important role in entrance requirements for professional music programs at many universities and colleges.[25][26]
In 2011 The Royal Conservatory partnered withCarnegie Hall to launch The Achievement Program in the United States. In January 2013 The Royal Conservatory took on sole responsibility of the successful program[27] under the name The Royal Conservatory Music Development Program. Developed to provide a national standard for all learners, in 2016 The Music Development Program was merged with The RCM Certificate Program.[28]
The Frederick Harris Music Co. Limited, is the oldest and largest print-music publisher in Canada.
Frederick Harris (1866–1945) devoted his life to music publishing. He began his career in England working for a largemusic publishing firm. In 1904, he set up his own business in London and in 1910, established a Canadian office in Toronto – marking the beginning of a long association with The Royal Conservatory that led to an increased emphasis on publications for teaching and learning.[29]In 1944, the company was donated to the conservatory with profits to be used for its own purposes.[7]
A centre for professional training in classical music performance at the postsecondary and postbachelor levels, The Glenn Gould School was established in 1987. Originally called The Royal Conservatory of Music Professional School, it was renamed in 1997 to honourGlenn Gould, the Toronto-born pianovirtuoso and a former pupil. Enrollment is limited to 130,[30] and The School is supported by funding from theDepartment of Canadian Heritage through the National Arts Contribution Program.[31] It has become one of the most highly respected music conservatories in North America, and the world.
The faculty consists of internationally acclaimed performers, teachers, and scholars.[32] More than 125 master classes are presented each year with artists, such as,Stewart Goodyear,Anton Kuerti, andJames Ehnes.
Glenn Gould School alumni have established careers as solo performers, orchestral musicians, chamber musicians, and recording artists. Alumni include the pianistJan Lisiecki, singersIsabel Bayrakdarian and Robert Gleadow, the pianists David Jalbert and Richard Raymond, the harpist Mariko Anraku, the violist Adam Romer, as well as theSt. Lawrence String Quartet.
The Glenn Gould School offers an accredited four-year Bachelor of Music (Honours) degree in Music Performance in piano, voice, and all orchestral instruments, designed for high school graduates who wish to prepare for a career as a performer. The Artist Diploma is a two-year postbachelor program for piano, voice, orchestral instruments, performance, andpedagogy.[33][34] The school also offers The Rebanks Family Fellowship and Performance Diploma Program, a one-year career development program for aspiring classical musicians.[35][36]
The Phil and Eli Taylor Performance Academy for Young Artists
After competitive video and live auditions, accepted students are streamed into Junior or Senior Academy programs. This comprehensive program develops performance skills, musicianship, and academic excellence.[37] Most Academy activities take place on Friday evenings and Saturdays but students are expected to practice daily and work on regular assignments. Through the support of private individuals and foundations, financial assistance is available for all students.[38] Alumni of the academy who have launched successful careers include Peter Simon, Katie Stillman, Eugene Nakamura, Marcin Swoboda,Janice LaMarre, Marta and Irena Kretchkovsky, and Karen Ouzounian.
The Royal Conservatory School offers individual and group instruction in classical, popular, folk, jazz, and world music, to people of all ages and abilities.[39] The school also offers music appreciation sessions as well as training programs for teachers and artists.[40][41]
The Marilyn Thomson Early Childhood Education Centre
In October 2013 The Royal Conservatory launched The Marilyn Thomson Early Childhood Education Centre, with an aim of spreading online learning in music to young children.[42]
The Royal Conservatory of Music's Glenn Gould School has joined the exchange program with different prestigious music institutions across the world. The exchange institutions include:
Koerner Hall, which opened in 2009Mazzoleni Concert HallTemerty Theatre
The Royal Conservatory presents approximately 100 performances a year,[44] featuringclassical,jazz,world, and pop music artists from around the world. It has threeconcert venues: Koerner Hall, Mazzoleni Concert Hall, and Temerty Theatre.
Named for donors Michael and Sonja Koerner, Koerner Hall opened in September 2009 and houses 1,135 seats. It was designed byKPMB Architects, under the direction ofMarianne McKenna, theatre consultant Anne Minors Performance Consultants, and acoustics company Sound Space Design. It features two balcony tiers above the main orchestra level as well as a third technical balcony.[45] Koerner Hall's signature element is an acoustically transparent veil of twisting oak strings that forms the backdrop for the chorus at the first balcony level, then hovers over the stage below the fixed acoustic canopy, extending into and over the hall at the technical balcony level.[46] Completion of the project also includes three tiers of glass fronted lobbies overlookingPhilosopher's Walk, back-of-house areas for performers, a ground-floor café, and installation of a unique collection of antique musical instruments donated by the Koerner family and valued at $1 million.[47] Each level is also equipped to host a variety of private functions.
Mazzoleni Concert Hall has 6,000 square feet (560 m2) and 237 seats.[48] When it opened in 1901, it was known as Castle Memorial Hall. At that time it had a chapel with stained glass windows on the ground floor level and a library on the lower level. By the 1960s, the University of Toronto, which used the space as a lecture hall, had bricked up the windows and removed a rear balcony.[49] In 1996, restoration began. Mazzoleni Concert Hall was named in honour of Ettore Mazzoleni, a former principal of the conservatory.[50]
"A granite cube which floats above Bloor Street,"[51] this multipurpose performance and event space is located on level two of the TELUS Centre for Performance and Learning. It has space for up to 150 seats and is designed to accommodate a range of functions, including special events, performance, rehearsals, and "Learning Through the Arts™" activities.[52] In scale and proportion, the Conservatory Theatre replicates the acoustic quality and stage size of Koerner Hall to prepare students for live performance. The venue is named in honour of James and Louise Temerty.[53]
Established in 2002, the ARC Ensemble (Artists of The Royal Conservatory) is composed of senior faculty members of the conservatory's Glenn Gould School in Toronto and led by artistic director Simon Wynberg.[54]
The ensemble has been nominated for threeGrammy Awards. Its current album, dedicated to the works of Polish-American composerJerzy Fitelberg,[55] was nominated in the categories ofBest Chamber Music Performance andProducer of the Year, Classical (David Frost). The ensemble has also received Grammy nominations for its 2007 recordingOn the Threshold of Hope, and its 2008 albumRight Through The Bone, devoted to the music of German-Dutch composerJulius Röntgen.[56][57]
An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour awarded by The Royal Conservatory. It is presented to outstanding Canadian and international artists and individuals who have made significant contributions to arts and culture in Canada and around the world.
Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris,France;
Shanghai Conservatory of Music,China;
Sibelius Academy of theUniversity of the Arts Helsinki,Finland;
Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin,Germany;
The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts,Hong Kong;
Sydney Conservatorium of Music,Australia;
Reina Sofía School of Music,MadridSpain;
Tokyo University of the Arts, Faculty of Music, and Graduate School of Music,Japan;
London'sRoyal Academy of Music,England.[43]
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