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Rittmaster

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Military rank

Rittmeister in the Karabinier-Regiment Graf Hatzfeld, 1748

Rittmaster (German:Rittmeister,lit. 'riding/cavalry master')^[1] is usually acommissioned officer military rank used in a few armies, usually equivalent toCaptain. Historically it has been used inGermany,Austria-Hungary,Scandinavia, and some other countries.

Arittmeister is typically in charge of asquadron (acompany-sized unit called a "troop" in theUnited States, as opposed to the U.S. cavalry squadron of largerbattalion size), and is the equivalent of aHauptmann rank (orcaptain in most army branches).^[2]^[3]

Spelling

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Danish:ritmester
Estonian:rittmeister
German:Rittmeister (until 1951)
Norwegian:rittmester (bokmål; the spellingritmester was used until 1907) orrittmeister (nynorsk)
Swedish:ryttmästare

The armies of manyCentral and Eastern European countries adopted a localised term for the similar rank.

Czech:rotmistr
Finnish:ratsumestari
Lithuanian:rotmistras
Polish:rotmistrz
Russian:ротмистр,romanized: rotmistr

Czechia

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The rank ofRotmistr is an 'ensign' rank, used by both branches in theCzech Army. It is ranked OR-5 within theNATO rank structure. The immediate senior rank is calledNadrotmistr (lit. 'senior rittmaster') and is ranked OR-6.[4]

The Netherlands

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The Dutch rankRitmeester, is the rank of squadron leading officers in thecavalry units of theRoyal Netherlands Army.^[5]

Norway

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The Norwegian rank,Norwegian:rittmester/rittmeister, is the rank of officers in thearmoured andmechanized infantry units of theNorwegian Army. The spellingritmester was used in Norwegian until 1907.

Historical use

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In thePolish army (from the 15th century to the mid-20th century) arotmistrz commanded a formation called arota. However, arotmistrz ofhussars was a commander of between 100 and 180 hussars, with a lieutenant of hussars as his second-in-command. The Lithuanian term wasrotmistras.^{[citation needed]} In earlier times, therotmistrz served as the commander of aninfantry orcavalry company, though sometimes he would temporarily be assigned field rank tasks e.g. commanding an entireregiment or even a larger formation. In the cavalry, the rank continued until 1945 as a company level title. Applied to the commander of atroop, it was equivalent of a modern-daycaptain.

The rank was also adopted byRussian New Regiments asrotmistr (ротмистр) and later formalized inTable of Ranks as the cavalry post; until 1798, and between 1883 and 1918, a lower-rankingshtabs-rotmistr (штабс-ротмистр) also existed, representing the ranks of Senior Captain and Junior Captain in the Russian Imperial Guards Cavalry, Army Cavalry, Gendarmerie and Border Guards by 1914.

In British and Commonwealth military forces, a Riding Master is not a rank. In theHousehold Cavalry Regiment a suitableWarrant Officer with the rank ofRiding Instructors is appointed Riding Master. The duration of this appointment is determined by the commanding Lieutenant-Colonel and, once appointed, the Riding Master is the person in the lead of training of recruits and horses of theHousehold Cavalry Regiment.^[6]

NATO code

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While the rank is used in some ofNATO countries, it is ranked differently depending on the country.

NATO code	Country^[7]	English equivalent
NATO code	Country^[7]	UK	US
Officers
OF-2	Netherlands, Norway	Captain
Other ranks
OR-7	Slovakia	Staff sergeant	Sergeant first class
OR-5	Czech Republic	Sergeant

Insignia

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Current

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Rotmistr
(Czech Land Forces)^[4]
Rotmajster
(Slovak Ground Forces)^[8]
Ritmeester
(Royal Netherlands Army)^[9]
Rittmester
(Norwegian Army)^[10]

Former

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Rotmistr
(Government Army of Bohemia and Moravia)^[11]
Rotmistr
(Czechoslovak Army)^[12]
Ritmester
(Royal Danish Army)^[13]
Rittmeister
(German Army)^[14]
Rotmistrz
(Polish Land Forces)^[15]
Ротмистр
Rotmistr
(Imperial Russian Army)^[16]

References

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^"Rittmaster".merriam-webster.com.
^The various names of this rank in different languages showGermanic etymology, (with a similar term used in Estonian).Thomas, Nigel; G. A. Embleton (2003).The German Army of World War I (1): 1914-15. Translated by G. A. Embleton.Osprey Publishing.ISBN 9781841765655. Retrieved2008-10-16.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Jewison, Glenn; Jörg C. Steiner (2008-12-12)."Badges of Rank of the Austro-Hungarian Army 1914-1918".Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918. Retrieved2008-10-16.Infantry: Hauptmann... Cavalry: Rittmeister
^^a ^b"Hodnosti".Army of the Czech Republic (in Czech). Retrieved11 August 2024.
^"Wie is wie- De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht (Who is who - rank insignia of military establishment)"(PDF).Directie Voorlichting en Communicatie (in Dutch). Ministerie van Defensie. October 2006. p. 2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2007-10-30. Retrieved2008-10-16.
^"THE HOUSEHOLD CAVALRY - THE REGIMENTAL COMMAND STRUCTURE". Archived from the original on 2013-07-19. Retrieved2016-06-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^NATO (2021).STANAG 2116 NATO (7th ed.). Brussels, Belgium: NATO Standardization Agency. pp. D-1 –D-3.
^"Označenie vojenských hodností príslušníkov Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky od 1.1.2016" [Designation of military ranks of members of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic from 1.1.2016].vhu.sk (in Slovak). Military History Institute. Retrieved12 April 2021.
^"De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht"(PDF) (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence (Netherlands). 19 December 2016. Retrieved18 March 2021.
^"Militære grader".forsvaret.no (in Norwegian). Norwegian Armed Forces. 4 February 2021. Retrieved26 May 2021.
^Littlejohn, David (1985).Foreign Legions Of The Third Reich. San Jose: Bender Publishing. pp. 24–29.ISBN 9780912138220.
^Václavíček, Ivo (2010)."Nový rok – nové hodnosti"(PDF).A Report : čtrnáctideník Ministerstva obrany ČR (in Czech). Vol. 3. Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic. p. 41.ISSN 1211-801X. Retrieved8 August 2022.
^Hillmos, Finn."Hærens gradstegn 1923" [Army insignia 1923](PDF).chakoten.dk. Retrieved28 August 2018.
^Henner, Sigurd; Böhler, Wolfgang (2013).Die deutsche Wehrmacht: Dienstgrade und Waffenfarben des Heeres 1939-1945 [The German Wehrmacht: ranks and weapon colors of the army 1939-1945] (in German). Czech Republic: Motorbuch.ISBN 978-3613036017.
^Mollo, Andrew (2001).The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, Insignia & Organisation. Leicester: Silverdale books. p. 23.ISBN 1-85605-603-1.
^Bunkley, Joel William (1918).Military And Naval Recognition Book: A Handbook On The Organization, Uniforms And Insignia Of Rank Of The World's Armed Forces (2nd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 203. Retrieved29 June 2022.