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Rostral ventrolateral medulla

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Region of the human brain
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Therostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), also known as thepressor area of themedulla, is a part of theventrolateral medulla in thebrainstem responsible for basal and reflex control ofsympathetic activity associated withcardiovascular function.[1] Abnormally elevated sympathetic activity in the RVLM is associated with variouscardiovascular diseases, such asheart failure andhypertension.[1] The RVLM is notably involved in thebaroreflex.

It receives inhibitory GABAergic input from thecaudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The RVLM is a primary regulator of thesympathetic nervous system; it sends catecholaminergic projections to the sympatheticpreganglionic neurons in theintermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord viareticulospinal tract.[citation needed]

Physostigmine, a choline-esterase inhibitor, elevatesendogenous levels ofacetylcholine and causes a rise in blood pressure by stimulation of the RVLM.[2]Orexinergic neurons from thelateral hypothalamus output in the RVLM.[citation needed]

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References

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  1. ^abMischel NA, Subramanian M, Dombrowski MD, Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Mueller PJ (May 2015)."(In)activity-related neuroplasticity in brainstem control of sympathetic outflow: unraveling underlying molecular, cellular, and anatomical mechanisms".Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.309 (2): H235–43.doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00929.2014.PMC 4504968.PMID 25957223.Specifically, we focus on changes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a critical brain region for basal and reflex control of sympathetic activity. The RVLM is implicated in elevated sympathetic outflow associated with several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and heart failure
  2. ^Medullary pressor area: site of action of intravenous physostigmine[permanent dead link]
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