The name of the town was officially changed to Rostov Veliky on 8 January 2025.[11] The name of the town railway station isRostov Yaroslavsky, due to its location inYaroslavl Oblast.
Rostov was preceded bySarskoye Gorodishche, which some scholars interpret as the capital of theFinnicMerya tribe, while others believe it was an importantViking trade enclave and fortress guarding theVolga trade route. It is known from Norse sources asRostofa[12] orRaðstofa.[13]Scythians also settled there. These different ethnicities, such as the Vikings, Scyths, Slavs and Finns, were likely the ancestors of many of today's people in that region. First mentioned in documents in the year 862 as an already important settlement, by the 10th century Rostov became the capital city ofVladimir-Suzdal, one of the most prominent principalities in Rus'. It was incorporated into theGrand Duchy of Moscow in 1474.[14]
After losing its independent status, Rostov was still an ecclesiastic center – from 988 it was thesee of theDiocese of Yaroslavl, one of the first Russian bishoprics. In the 14th century, the bishops of Rostov becamearchbishops, and late in the 16th century,metropolitans. In 1608 Rostov was completely destroyed by Poles during thePolish invasion. After that metropolitanIona (Jonah) Sysoyevich (c. 1607–1690) commissioned the town's main landmark: theRostov Kremlin. This is regarded by some as the finest outside that ofMoscow.[14] Late in the 18th century, the metropolitan see was transferred toYaroslavl.
On August 24, 1953, the town was hit by an F3tornado, causing severe damage. The tornado traveled 6 kilometers with a maximum width of up to 550 meters.[15]
Definitive stamp of Russia showing Rostov Kremlin.
The architecture of the city shows many examples of early Russian Orthodox architecture. The central town square of Rostov is occupied by the Assumption Cathedral. It is unknown when the present building was erected, the mid-16th century being the most likely date. Lower parts of the cathedral walls are dated to the 12th century. The ponderous bell tower was constructed mostly in the 17th century. Its bells are among the largest and most famous in Russia - each has its own name. The largest bell, cast in 1688, weighs 32,000 kilograms (71,000 lb). It is named Sysoy to honor the city's founding father. The church is home to theincorrupt body of SaintLeontius of Rostov.[16]
An area situated between the cathedral square and the lake was chosen by Iona Sysoevich as a place for his fairy-taleresidence. All the construction works were carried out between 1667 and 1694. Major buildings include the ornate Savior Church-na-Senyakh (1675), the sombre Church of St. Gregory (1670), and thebarbican churches of St. John the Apostle (1683) and of the Resurrection of Christ (1670). The residence, often erroneously calledkremlin, also includes eleven ornate tower bells, numerous palaces, several small belfries, and the diminutivebaroque Church of Our Lady ofSmolensk (1693). All the churches are elaborately painted and decorated.
The cathedral and four tall kremlin churches with their silver "blind" domes were imitated throughout the city. This is particularly evident in the Savior-on-the-Market church and the cathedral church of the Nativity convent, both dating from the 17th century and situated near the kremlin walls. The oldest church within the town center was consecrated to St. Isidore the Blessed in 1565. They[who?] say thatIvan the Terrible had the architect executed, because his church was so much smaller than its predecessor.
The kremlin is flanked by two monasteries, both facing the Lake Nero. To the right from the kremlin stands theAbraham monastery, founded in the 11th century and one of the oldest in Russia. Its cathedral, commissioned by Ivan the Terrible in 1553 to commemorate theconquest of Kazan, inspired numerous churches in the region, particularly inYaroslavl.
Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery, situated to the left from the Kremlin on the town's outskirts, has been venerated as the shrine of St.Dmitry of Rostov. Most of the monastery structures were built in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in the fineneoclassical style. There are also two 17th-century churches: the Conception of St. Anna, and the Transfiguration of Our Savior. Unlike most other churches in the town, the monastery belongs to theRussian Orthodoxy and houses a theologicalseminary.
The vicinity of Rostov is rich in old architecture. For example,an old wooden church (1687–1689) may be seen inIshnya. One of the best preserved monasteries in Russia, named after the saintsBoris and Gleb, is situated inBorisoglebsky, about 20 kilometers (12 mi) west of the town. The monastery was favored byIvan the Terrible, who personally supervised the construction of towered walls and bell-tower around an even more ancient cathedral. The only addition made to the monastery after Ivan's death is abarbican church, commissioned by the metropolitan Iona Sysoyevich.
^Jackson, Tatjana (2003)."The Image of Old Rus in Old Norse Literature".Middelalderforum (1–2). Oslo. p. 40:Old Norse sources have preserved the names of the twelve towns that are considered by the medieval authors, as well as by their modern publishers, to have been Old Russian towns. These areHólmgarðr, Aldeigjuborg, Kœnugarðr, Súrdalar, Pallteskia, Smaleskia, Móramar, Rostofa, Sýrnes, Gaðar, Alaborg, Danparstaðir. The first eight of them are practically unanimously associated with Novgorod, Ladoga, Kiev, Polotsk, Smolensk, Suzdal, Murom and Rostov.
Государственная Дума Ярославской области. Закон №12-з от 7 февраля 2002 г «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ярославской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №67-з от 21 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Ярославской области и признании утратившими силу отдельных законодательных актов (положений законодательных актов) Ярославской области». Вступил в силу через шесть месяцев со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Губернские вести", №11, 15 февраля 2002 г. (State Duma of Yaroslavl Oblast. Law #12-z of February 7, 2002On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Yaroslavl Oblast and on the Procedures of Its Change, as amended by the Law #67-z of December 21, 2012On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Yaroslavl Oblast and on Abrogation of Various Legislative Acts (Clauses of Legislative Acts) of Yaroslavl Oblast. Effective as of the day six months from the day of the official publication.).
Государственная Дума Ярославской области. Закон №65-з от 21 декабря 2004 г. «О наименованиях, границах и статусе муниципальных образований Ярославской области», в ред. Закона №59-з от 28 декабря 2011 г «Об изменении статуса рабочего посёлка Песочное Рыбинского района и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Ярославской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Губернские вести", №70, 23 декабря 2004 г. (State Duma of Yaroslavl Oblast. Law #65-z of December 21, 2004On the Names, Borders, and Status of the Municipal Formations of Yaroslavl Oblast, as amended by the Law #59-z of December 28, 2011On Changing the Status of the Work Settlement of Pesochnoye of Rybinsky District and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of Yaroslavl Oblast. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).
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