| Rossall School | |
|---|---|
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 Rossall as seen from the playing fields | |
| Location | |
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| ,, FY7 8JW England | |
| Coordinates | 53°53′45″N3°02′33″W / 53.8957°N 3.0424°W /53.8957; -3.0424 |
| Information | |
| Type | Privateday andboarding |
| Motto | Mens Agitat Molem 'Mind Over Matter' |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Church of England |
| Established | 1844; 181 years ago (1844) |
| Founder | Revd. Canon St Vincent Beechey |
| President | Edward Stanley, 19th Earl of Derby |
| Chairman of Governors | Chris Holt |
| Headmaster | Jeremy Quartermain |
| Staff | 300 |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Age | 0 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 920 |
| Houses | 9 |
| Colour(s) | Red, grey and navy blue |
| Former pupils | Old Rossallians |
| Website | www |
Rossall School is a privateday andboarding school in the United Kingdom for 0–18 year olds, betweenCleveleys andFleetwood,Lancashire. Rossall was founded in 1844 bySt Vincent Beechey as a sister school toMarlborough College which had been founded the previous year. Its establishment was "to provide, at a moderate cost, for the sons of Clergymen and others, a classical, mathematical and general education of the highest class, and to do all things necessary, incidental, or conducive to the attainment of the above objects."[1] Along withCheltenham,Lancing andMarlborough, Rossall was part of a flurry of expansion inpublic school education during the earlyVictorian period.
Set in a 161-acre (0.65 km2) estate next to Rossall Beach, and now with about 900 students, Rossall is a member of theHeadmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and was granted aroyal charter on 21 October 1890.[1] It is an 'all-through' school with anursery, 'pre-prep',preparatory and senior school. Rossall's campus has a large array of facilities for extracurricular activities and the school is home to the Lawrence House Space Science and Astronomy Centre, the only facility of its type in the UK. Over the years, Rossall has adapted itself to changing attitudes in education, and was the first school in the UK to have aCombined Cadet Force and one of the first to introduce theInternational Baccalaureate and host a dedicated international study centre on campus.[2]
The idea of founding a boarding school on the Fylde coast originates with aCorsican man named Zenon Vantini. As the owner of theNorth Euston Hotel inFleetwood,[3] Vantini opened his hotel expecting many visitors but few people arrived. To boost the number of visitors to Fleetwood and help his hotel and the local economy, Vantini opened two schools in the vicinity of Fleetwood, one for boys and another for girls, totalling 1,000 students.[3] The early Victorian period was marked by high child mortality rates, and Vantini expected that in the long term, the schools could be funded by a form oftontine insurance scheme, whereby the cost to educate children who reached their teenage years was offset by those who had died in infancy.[3]
Vantini called a meeting at the North Euston Hotel to discuss the foundation of the schools with local businessmen and clergy.[3] It was decided that any school that was to be founded would be directly affiliated to theChurch of England. This was to be the first major Church of England school in the north of England and a sister school toMarlborough College which had opened the previous year. It was soon established that there was little hope of founding the girls' school and this idea was abandoned, with the boys' school pupil numbers reduced to 200.[4] Consequently, Vantini's involvement with the scheme steadily dissipated,Rev. St. Vincent Beechey, the parish priest of Fleetwood, took over.
Beechey set about finding the funds required to set up such a school. Beechey got the financial support ofPeter Hesketh-Fleetwood,The Earl of Derby as patron, theDuke of Devonshire as vice-president andJohn Bird Sumner, thenBishop of Chester and laterArchbishop of Canterbury, as visitor.[4] As a result ofPeter Hesketh-Fleetwood's financial problems from over-investing in the development of Fleetwood, he agreed to lease his ancestral home of Rossall Hall to the school for 21 years, with the option of buying it for £7,000 after ten years.[4] The Northern Church of England Boarding School, renamed Rossall College under the reign of William Osborne, opened on 22 August 1844,
Initial problems were not unusual for boarding schools of the time, though Rossall nearly shut down in its infancy because of huge outbreaks ofscarlet fever. The foundation stone to the school chapel, now the Sumner Library, was laid in 1848 by the first everBishop of Manchester,James Prince Lee – the diocese having only been created that same year. Rossall's swift and successful development can be seen by its inclusion in the bookThe Great Schools of England (1865).[5]
The current chapel was constructed in the 1860s and the school underwent further development from the 1880s to 1900 to accommodate more students and to create further facilities such as the gym which still stands. In 1874 Rossall became the firstChurch of England school to play aCatholic school in an inter-school sports fixture, at cricket, leading Protestant newspapers to warn against such activities and advise Rossall parents to be wary of encroaching papism (the school in question wasStonyhurst College).[6]
Two decades later, roughly one hundred O.R.s served in the Boer War, nearly half of them winning distinctions ormentions in despatches. Seventeen old boys died in active service, all of whom are now commemorated in the stalls of the school chapel.[7]
Rossall was widely considered to be in top 30 public schools in the UK by the end ofQueen Victoria's reign also earning itself a place in thePublic Schools Yearbook and the Public School News section of theCambridge Review.[8] Despite some financial difficulties as a result of fund embezzling by a bursar, by the end of the 1920s Rossall's academic results were amongst the best in the country with record numbers achieving scholarships toOxbridge and attaining distinctions in the Higher Certificate examinations.[9]
During the world wars large numbers of Old Rossallians lost their lives in combat, 297 in World War I alone[10] – the majority of whom are now commemorated in the extension memorial chapel. Rossall has a memorial plaque at St Georges Chapel by theMenin Gate in honour of its fallen, alongside schools such asRugby,Eton andHarrow.[11] 1,617 ORs fought in World War I,[12] 300 of whom received war honours.[10]
| V.C. | G.C.M.G. | C.B. | C.I.E. | C.M.G. | D.S.O. | C.B.E. | O.B.E. | M.B.E. | D.S.C. | M.C. | D.F.C. | A.F.C. | D.C.M. | M.M. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 54 (9) | 9 | 37 | 9 | 2 | 154 (13) | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Before the outbreak of theSecond World War Rossall had made plans to accommodateWestminster School[13] however these plans were scrapped when the government requisitioned the campus for several departments of theOffice of Works, theBoard of Education and theMinistry of Pensions. As a result, the school moved toNaworth Castle.[13] The government departments put up prefabricated buildings and found other premises close by as soon as possible, and left in 1940. The school returned and took in a school from the south-east, as the Westminster School had found an alternative solution. The eventual choice was that ofAlleyn's who had to be evacuated from London as a result of the risk of bombing.[13] Another side effect of the war was that there was only one centenary dinner celebrating the 100th year of Rossall. It was conducted by Old Rossallians imprisoned inChangi Prison, a notoriousPOW camp in Singapore during theJapanese occupation.[14]
Benjamin Britten gave a concert in Big School in 1954. In the 1970s, in a bid to ensure the highest standards during a period of declining boarding, girls were allowed to enrol. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s the school pushed on with a development programme and had royal visits including from the Queen in 1994 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of its foundation. The school went through great financial difficulty at the turn of the millennium.
Rossall has since had more investment than previously, with the boarding houses including Maltese Cross having undergone varying degrees of refurbishment. The middle school now runs from years 7 to 9, one year longer than traditionally. As a part of the modernising of the school theIB was introduced as an alternative toA-Levels in 1998, being only the 3rd school in the UK to do so, and there is now an international boarding contingent.
Rossall promotes relatively affordable private education in relation to the rest of the UK – 80% of those who attend the school are the first in their family to attend an independent school and a large number ofscholarships andbursaries are available.[15] 2007 saw the return of the Rossall Summer School – developed to give children from outside the UK the opportunity to develop their English speaking skills as well as being a chance for those thinking of going to a boarding school to consider whether they are suited to the lifestyle.
On 23 March 2022, a plane was forced to make anemergency landing on the school's field as a shortage of fuel meant the pilot was unable to complete the flight. Nobody was injured, and no students were at the school at the time.[16]
This was erected in 1867, under the reign of William Osborne, with the foundation stone being laid byWilliam Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire.[17] It is believed to have been designed byEdward Graham Paley. It is clearly modelled on the entrance gates of theOxbridge colleges and originally had large wooden doors which were locked at night; these have since been removed for improvements in access.[18]
In the 1860s a new school chapel was built to cope with the increasing number of students, the old chapel serving, as it does today, as the school library. The new chapel was designed byEdward Graham Paley,[19] extended byRobert Lorimer and includes carvings byEric Gill.[20] The chapel organ was designed byHarrison & Harrison.[20] Rossall celebrated the chapel's 150th Anniversary on 1 April 2012.
The original school dining hall burnt down in the 1920s. The replacement, the current dining hall, was designed bySir Hubert Worthington.[21] The design was not without fault however – it was constructed from bricks encased in a weatherable coating that would dissolve away to leave it looking in the same condition as the rest of the square[clarification needed]. The largest section of wood panelling behind the headmaster's table in the dining hall is made from an oak tree that grew in the back garden ofGeorge Mallory.[22] It was claimed in 1944 that it was the largest school dining hall in the country,[23] and was described by F. A. M. Webster in his bookOur Great Public Schools as, "one of the most splendid in the country."[24]
There are four coats of arms attached to the exterior of the dining hall to commemorate the various families associated with Rossall over the years:the Allen Family for the medieval and Renaissance owners of the site;the Hesketh Family for theAnglican family who acquired the sequestered property of theRoman Catholic Allens during theEnglish Reformation;the Fleetwood family who intermarried with the Heskeths and became the most recent owners of the site prior to the original loan of Rossall Hall for the opening of the school by their last representative, SirPeter Hesketh-Fleetwood; and the Beechey Family for the founder of the school,St. Vincent Beechey.[25]
During the summer of 2020 the Dining Hall was undergoing major renovations, for the first time after Queen Elizabeth II visited the school in 1994. The project was funded through the Rossall School Foundation. Renovations included a new colour scheme, which is now light blue and white.[26]
Stone from Rossall can be found in the cloisters ofCanberra Grammar School along with stones from Eton, Westminster, St Paul's, Charterhouse, Uppingham, Clifton, Tonbridge, Shrewsbury, Sherborne, Wellington, Cheltenham, Repton and Radley.[27]
The school offers bothA-levels and the International BaccalaureateIB Diploma Programme forSixth form students.[28] Senior School students follow the British curriculum, whilst the Junior School has its own curriculum.
There are 64 clubs and societies in operation at Rossall including the traditionalrugby union,football,fives andhockey. There is aCroquet Club. As well as competing in sporting competitions around the country, Rossall plays host to inter-school tournaments. These have included hockey, preparatory school rugby union and basketball. The fives competition in 2005 includedLancing College,Malvern College,Uppingham School andShrewsbury School.[29]
Since 2016, Rossall School offers the "Elite Football Programme", a co-corricular program for boys and girls. The program was run in partnership withFleetwood Town F.C.[30][31] Following the end of the relationship of the schools partnership with Fleetwood Town in 2024 the School and the new partnership Club,Manchester City F.C., announced their collaboration going forward in running the "Elite Football Programme".[32]
Rossall was the first school in the United Kingdom to form a Cadet Corps.[33] It was founded in February 1860 when the threat of a French/Irish Catholic invasion was at its height.[34] AlthoughRugby School claims to have raised a company of Volunteer Riflemen in 1804[34] Rossall's is the oldest contingent continuously in existence and the one from which many other schools drew the inspiration of founding theirs. Other schools such asEton College formed their corps a few months after Rossall. From 1890 to 1908 the corps was affiliated to the1st Lancashire Engineer Volunteers.[35][36] The institution is still present in the school today with around 100cadets currently enlisted. In recent years the shooting team has excelled with notable victories in the Home Guard Cup and Loyal's Regimental Cup.[37] The CCF at Rossall received the Queens colours on Tuesday 29 June 2010, to celebrate its 150th anniversary and to acknowledge its status as the oldest cadet corps in the UK.[citation needed]
Through the Cadet Vocational Qualifications Organisation (CVQO) the SchoolCCF offers cadets (aged 16–19) and above the opportunity to gain internationally recognisedBTEC First Diploma qualifications in Public Services and Music. Each BTEC First Diploma is the equivalent of 4 GCSEs, grade C – A*.
Many notable people have studied at Rossall over the years.
The school alumni society is called the Rossallian Club. The Rossallian Club has gatherings every year all over the UK and, with the advent of a large international boarding contingent in recent years, all over the world – the first ‘OR’ (Old Rossalian) meal in Germany took place in 2006.
The school also has its ownmasonic lodge, founded in 1928, that meets three times a year atFreemasons' Hall in London. It is part of the Public School Lodges Council and is open to any Old Rossallian who wishes to join.[42]
Rossall alumni are among just nine schools to have wonThe Halford Hewitt golf tournament more than twice. These schools are (in order of victories): Charterhouse (16), Harrow (11), Eton (10), Tonbridge (6), Rugby (5), Watson's (4), Rossall (3), Shrewsbury (3), Merchiston (3). Rossall is also positioned 8th overall in the Anderson Scale of past performances in the competition.[43]
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| First year at Rossall | Final year at Rossall | Name | Education | Other notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1844 | 1849 | John Woolley | University of London &University College, Oxford | First Principal of theUniversity of Sydney. |
| 1849 | 1869 | Rev. William Alexander Osborne | St Paul's &Trinity College, Cambridge | Retired from education after Rossall |
| 1870 | 1875 | Rev. Robert Henniker | Charterhouse &Trinity College, Oxford | Retired from education after Rossall |
| 1875 | 1886 | Herbert Armitage James | Abergavenny Grammar School,Jesus College &Lincoln College,Oxford | Headmaster ofCheltenham andRugby. President ofSt. John's College, Oxford. |
| 1886 | 1896 | Rev. Charles Coverdale Tancock | Sherborne &Exeter College, Oxford | Headmaster ofTonbridge |
| 1896 | 1908 | Rev. Dr. John Pearce Way | Bath College &Brasenose College, Oxford | Retired from education after Rossall |
| 1908 | 1932 | Rev. Canon Edward John Walford Houghton | Sherborne &Christ Church, Oxford | Retired from education after Rossall |
| 1932 | 1937 | Harold George Michael Clarke | St Paul's &Trinity College, Cambridge | Headmaster ofRepton |
| 1937 | 1957 | Rev. Charles Edgar Young | Charterhouse &Exeter College, Oxford | Retired from education after Rossall |
| 1957 | 1967 | Geoffrey Sale | Berkhamstead &Lincoln College, Oxford | Director of Studies, Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst |
| 1967 | 1972 | Roger Wykeham Ellis | Winchester &Trinity College, Oxford | Headmaster ofMarlborough and Head of theHMC |
| 1973 | 1987 | John Sharp | Keighley Grammar &Brasenose College, Oxford | Retired from education after Rossall |
| 1987 | 2001 | Richard David Walton Rhodes | Rossall &St John's College, Durham | Retired from education after Rossall |
| 2001 | 2008 | Timothy Wilbur | Kent &Loughborough | Headmaster ofWanganui Collegiate School |
| 2008 | 2013 | Stephen Charles Winkley | St Edward's andBrasenose College, Oxford | Previously Head ofUppingham School |
| 2013 | 2018 | Elaine Purves | University of Durham | Head ofSt John's International School, Brussels |
| 2018 | Present | Jeremy Quartermain | Peterhouse, Cambridge,Trinity College, Dublin andUniversity of East Anglia | Previously Deputy Head Academic ofBrentwood School |
Rossall is also home to the Lawrence House Astronomy and Space Science Centre – the only centre dedicated solely to the teaching ofastronomy.[44] The project consists of the telescope in Rossall's Assheton Observatory as well as a building of its own containing a lecture theatre, classrooms and a portable planetarium. The telescope is of particular note – being 12 feet (3.7 m) long, 18 inches wide and dating from 1870.[45] The objective diameter of the telescope is 6.5 inches and it has a focal length of f/13.5.[46]The project has been funded by theLawrence House Trust and predominantly run by Nick Lister, originally the head of design and technology at the school and now Astronomer in Residence. Lister is a fellow of theRoyal Astronomical Society and was appointed as vice-president of theAssociation for Astronomy Education, where he succeeded Dr Robert Massey, who became president of the organisation.[47]
When initial assessments were being made for the feasibility of restoring the observatory, both the telescope and observatory were in a poor condition as a result of years of neglect and an arson attempt by some local children. The telescope is made predominantly frombrass and thus suffered minimal corrosion and damage. Most importantly the lens of the telescope survived unscathed allowing for restoration.[46] This was carried out at first by several dedicated parents and governors of the school, amongst themSyd Little. Soon after the basic restoration ideas were raised for a larger project allowing the teaching of astronomy on a larger scale. After getting clearance from the original owners of the telescope to go ahead with the project, Rossall was given funds from the Lawrence House Trust, an educational charity, to go forward with their plans. The centre had an official opening on 26 September 2006 with Old Rossallian and former Astronomer RoyalSir Francis Graham Smith in attendance.[48]
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