Rongcheng 荣成市 Jungcheng | |
|---|---|
 View of Rongcheng on a hill | |
 Location in Weihai | |
  Rongcheng Location of the city center in Shandong | |
| Coordinates:37°09′55″N122°29′12″E / 37.16528°N 122.48667°E /37.16528; 122.48667 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| Prefecture-level city | Weihai |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,526 km2 (589 sq mi) |
| Population (2019)[2] | |
• Total | 738,600 |
| • Density | 484.0/km2 (1,254/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 264300 |
| Area code | 0631 |
Rongcheng (simplified Chinese:荣成;traditional Chinese:榮成;pinyin:Róngchéng) is acounty-level city of theprefecture-level city ofWeihai, at the eastern extremity of theShandong Peninsula in China.
According to historical records, human settlements existed in Rongcheng as early as theNeolithic period. In ancient times, Rongcheng belonged to the territory of the Lai people and was governed by theState of Lai starting from the Shang dynasty. After the State of Lai was annexed by theState of Qi during the Conquest of Lai by Qi, the region became part of Qi's territory (in 567 BCE), and from then on, it fell under the control of theCentral China. According to historical records,[3] theFirst Emperor of theQin dynasty had visited Rongcheng twice during hisimperial tours, building bridges and temples.
In 201 BCE, the county of Buye (不夜) was established and placed underDonglai Commandery. The ruins of Buye County are located just south of Buye Village in Buliu Town, Rongcheng City, approximately 30 kilometers east of Chengshantou. During Northern Qi, in 568 CE, Wendeng County was established from parts of Muping and Guanyang counties, and the entire area of modern Rongcheng fell under the jurisdiction of Wendeng.
In the early Ming dynasty, to defend against external threats (mainlywokou pirates), two military garrisons—Chengshan and Jinghai—were established duringHongwu era (in 1380). These garrisons also managed civil affairs within their respective military zones, while areas outside the garrisons remained under the administration of Wendeng County.[4]
DuringYongzheng's reign (1735), the Chengshan Garrison was abolished and replaced with a county. Emperor Yongzheng named the new county "Rongcheng," noting that "Qin Shi Huang once shot a giant fish at Mount Rongcheng, which lies within this region."[5] Thus, the name "Rongcheng County" came into official use.
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Rongcheng came under the administration of Wendeng District (文登专区), Shandong Province, in June 1950. In 1956, it was placed under Laiyang District; in 1958, it became part of Yantai District; and in 1987, it was transferred to Weihai City. In December 1988, with the approval of theState Council of China, Rongcheng was upgraded from a county to a county-level city under the jurisdiction ofWeihai.[6]
In June 2011, a mutiny and mass murder broke out onLurongyu 2682, a fishing trawler registered in Rongcheng. After a month-long killings in the WestPacific, 11 of the 33 crew returned. In July 2013, the Intermediate Court ofWendeng, adjacent to Rongcheng, convicted the 11 men with murder.[7]
There are 10subdistricts and 12towns under Rongcheng's administration.
In 2024, Rongcheng had one institution of higher education, enrolling 1,630 students, graduating 1,805, with 7,175 students enrolled; one higher vocational college, enrolling 4,727, graduating 4,396, with 13,480 students enrolled; three general senior high schools, enrolling 2,825, graduating 2,642, with 8,428 students enrolled; 25 junior middle schools, enrolling 5,274, graduating 4,957, with 20,605 students enrolled; 21 primary schools, enrolling 4,941, graduating 5,186, with 28,431 students enrolled; two secondary vocational schools, enrolling 975, graduating 763, with 2,625 students enrolled; one special education school, enrolling 24, graduating 14, with 123 students enrolled; one Comprehensive Practical Activities Experimental School of Rongcheng City, with an annual training volume of 11,000 person-times; and 59 kindergartens, enrolling 2,421, graduating 4,899, with 10,383 children enrolled. It has two institutions of higher education:Harbin University of Science and Technology, Rongcheng, and Weihai Ocean Vocational College.
Rongcheng has ahumid continental climate, bordering ahumid subtropical climate, with Chengshantou being a borderlineCwa with January's average monthly temperature at 0 °C (32 °F).
| Climate data for Rongcheng, elevation 62 m (203 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.6 (54.7) | 18.5 (65.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 29.8 (85.6) | 34.2 (93.6) | 35.5 (95.9) | 35.7 (96.3) | 35.6 (96.1) | 34.0 (93.2) | 28.4 (83.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 35.7 (96.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 4.8 (40.6) | 9.7 (49.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 21.8 (71.2) | 25.6 (78.1) | 27.9 (82.2) | 28.6 (83.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 12.4 (54.3) | 5.3 (41.5) | 16.7 (62.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) | 0.3 (32.5) | 4.8 (40.6) | 10.9 (51.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.2 (70.2) | 15.1 (59.2) | 7.9 (46.2) | 1.2 (34.2) | 12.3 (54.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.5 (23.9) | −3.0 (26.6) | 1.0 (33.8) | 6.8 (44.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.7 (71.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 17.5 (63.5) | 11.0 (51.8) | 4.3 (39.7) | −2.0 (28.4) | 8.8 (47.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.9 (7.0) | −12.8 (9.0) | −7.6 (18.3) | −4.4 (24.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | 9.6 (49.3) | 15.6 (60.1) | 13.5 (56.3) | 8.6 (47.5) | 0.1 (32.2) | −6.9 (19.6) | −13.9 (7.0) | −13.9 (7.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 11.8 (0.46) | 15.4 (0.61) | 19.1 (0.75) | 46.1 (1.81) | 63.9 (2.52) | 71.2 (2.80) | 186.6 (7.35) | 171.1 (6.74) | 77.6 (3.06) | 30.2 (1.19) | 33.2 (1.31) | 24.5 (0.96) | 750.7 (29.56) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.5 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 12.3 | 9.8 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 82.9 |
| Average snowy days | 8.1 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 8.6 | 26 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 68 | 66 | 64 | 64 | 70 | 79 | 87 | 84 | 75 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 72 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 175.2 | 181.0 | 226.1 | 235.1 | 250.1 | 216.4 | 169.0 | 201.4 | 220.2 | 217.0 | 170.3 | 159.9 | 2,421.7 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 57 | 59 | 61 | 59 | 57 | 49 | 38 | 48 | 60 | 63 | 56 | 54 | 55 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data forShidao Administrative District, Rongcheng, elevation 10 m (33 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 25.2 (77.4) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.2 (88.2) | 27.5 (81.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 15.7 (60.3) | 32.6 (90.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) | 4.7 (40.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 19.7 (67.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 26.2 (79.2) | 27.6 (81.7) | 24.9 (76.8) | 19.7 (67.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 15.9 (60.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | 1.0 (33.8) | 5.0 (41.0) | 10.5 (50.9) | 15.9 (60.6) | 20.0 (68.0) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.8 (76.6) | 21.6 (70.9) | 16.0 (60.8) | 9.1 (48.4) | 2.3 (36.1) | 12.4 (54.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | −2.1 (28.2) | 1.9 (35.4) | 7.2 (45.0) | 12.6 (54.7) | 17.2 (63.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 22.3 (72.1) | 18.5 (65.3) | 12.4 (54.3) | 5.7 (42.3) | −0.7 (30.7) | 9.4 (48.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.3 (9.9) | −12.9 (8.8) | −5.6 (21.9) | −0.3 (31.5) | 6.0 (42.8) | 10.6 (51.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 9.3 (48.7) | 0.2 (32.4) | −5.3 (22.5) | −8.2 (17.2) | −12.9 (8.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 10.2 (0.40) | 16.2 (0.64) | 21.3 (0.84) | 46.9 (1.85) | 66.9 (2.63) | 76.9 (3.03) | 173.8 (6.84) | 169.8 (6.69) | 79.6 (3.13) | 32.8 (1.29) | 30.4 (1.20) | 16.0 (0.63) | 740.8 (29.17) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 76.7 |
| Average snowy days | 6.8 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 6.7 | 20.4 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 65 | 66 | 65 | 67 | 73 | 84 | 89 | 85 | 75 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 72 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 188.0 | 185.8 | 227.7 | 227.1 | 241.7 | 199.5 | 161.0 | 206.4 | 220.4 | 223.0 | 178.5 | 179.7 | 2,438.8 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 61 | 60 | 61 | 57 | 55 | 46 | 36 | 50 | 60 | 65 | 59 | 60 | 56 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[10][11] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Chengshantou, Rongcheng, elevation 48 m (157 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1952–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) | 16.2 (61.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.3 (75.7) | 29.2 (84.6) | 31.4 (88.5) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.5 (92.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 27.6 (81.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 33.5 (92.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 3.3 (37.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 17.6 (63.7) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | 5.3 (41.5) | 14.5 (58.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.8 (33.4) | 4.1 (39.4) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 9.5 (49.1) | 2.9 (37.2) | 11.9 (53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) | −1.2 (29.8) | 1.9 (35.4) | 6.5 (43.7) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.9 (60.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.9 (71.4) | 19.8 (67.6) | 14.4 (57.9) | 7.3 (45.1) | 0.8 (33.4) | 9.7 (49.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.2 (8.2) | −15.7 (3.7) | −9.6 (14.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | 2.4 (36.3) | 8.7 (47.7) | 13.8 (56.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | −0.5 (31.1) | −7.3 (18.9) | −10.9 (12.4) | −15.7 (3.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 9.2 (0.36) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.9 (0.70) | 38.7 (1.52) | 57.9 (2.28) | 65.4 (2.57) | 171.2 (6.74) | 134.2 (5.28) | 68.6 (2.70) | 30.0 (1.18) | 31.8 (1.25) | 21.3 (0.84) | 660.2 (25.97) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 12.6 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 83.7 |
| Average snowy days | 8.9 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 8.7 | 26.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 65 | 68 | 71 | 73 | 77 | 88 | 93 | 89 | 75 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 75 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 172.2 | 185.5 | 230.9 | 231.5 | 245.2 | 203.3 | 162.0 | 216.3 | 230.6 | 219.8 | 166.8 | 146.9 | 2,411 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 56 | 60 | 62 | 59 | 56 | 46 | 36 | 52 | 63 | 64 | 55 | 50 | 55 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[10][12] all-time extreme temperature[13] | |||||||||||||
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