TheRomanian calendar is theGregorian, adopted in 1919. However, the traditional Romanian calendar has its own names for themonths. In modernRomania andMoldova, the Gregorian calendar is exclusively used for business and government transactions and predominates in popular use as well. Nevertheless, the traditional names of the months do appear in some contexts, for instance on ecclesiastical calendars produced by theRomanian Orthodox Church.
Romania adopted theGregorian calendar on 1 April 1919, which became 14 April 1919. In 2019, theNational Bank of Romania released acommemorative coin of 10silverlei to celebrate the centenary ofRomania's adoption of the calendar.[1]
Most of the traditional names of the months are ofLatin origin, which indicates that their use predates theSlavic contact around the 8th century. Essentially all are constructed as agent nouns, most often with the suffix-ar, inherited from Latin-arius. As in Latin, the months are expressed using genitive constructions, i.e.:suntem înluna lui cuptor (literally: "we are in the month of July").
Note that the use oflui cuptor as opposed tocuptorului indicates that the months are analysed asanimate.
| Month | usual Romanian name | traditional Romanian name | etymology |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | ianuarie | gerar, cărindar | gerar is derived fromger ("cold weather"); as winter reaches its depth during this month. Cărindar is inherited from Latincalendārium. |
| February | februarie | făurar, faur | făurar is inherited from Latinfebruarius, though folk etymology connects it to unrelatedafăuri ("to forge"), whence the variantfaur (which also means "forger") arose. |
| March | martie | marț, mărțișor, germănar | marț is inherited from Latinmartius, andmărțișor originates as a derivative using the diminutive suffix-ișor that largely supplanted the former. It is unclear whether germănar is a creation of the poetVasile Alecsandri or a genuine folk term; in any case, it is derived fromgermen ("sprout, bud"). |
| April | aprilie | prier, priir, florar | prier is inherited from Latinaprilis; folk etymology connects it witha prii ("to have a good omen"), hence the variantpriir.Florar derives fromfloare ("flower"), and is more frequently applied to March. |
| May | mai | florar, frunzar, prătar | See above forflorar. Frunzar derives fromfrunză "leaf."Prătar derives fromprat ("hayfield"), and since this word was a late borrowing in Romanian, it is likely the most recent of the folk names. |
| June | iunie | cireșar | fromcireș "cherry tree". |
| July | iulie | cuptor | fromcuptor "oven", as it is often the hottest month. |
| August | august | agust, gustar, măselar, secerar | agust is inherited from Latinaugustus. Folk etymology connected it witha gusta ("to taste"), as fruit become ready for picking during this period, hencegustar.Măselar is likely derived from a lost term inherited from Latinmessis ("harvest").Secerar is derived fromseceră ("sickle"). |
| September | septembrie | răpciune; vinimeriu, vinicer | răpciune is inherited from Latinraptiōnem ("carrying off, abduction"), likely reinterpreted as collecting crops in a harvest. Vinimeriu is derived from a lost noun related to Latinvindemia ("grape-gathering").Vinicer has an uncertain etymology, but appears to be influenced by the former, and possibly by Church Slavonicвиничиѥ ("vineyard"). Rarely,vinicer designates November instead of September. |
| October | octombrie | brumar, brumărel | brumar is derived frombrumă "hoarfrost".Brumărel is derived from the same word with a diminutive suffix.Brumărel generally designates October, andbrumar generally designates November, though there is considerable disagreement on this. |
| November | noiembrie | brumar, brumărel, iezmăciune, promorar, vinicer | forbrumar,brumărel, andvinicer, see above.Iezmăciune appears to be derived fromiazmă ("ghost, evil spirit"), though the semantic development is unclear.Promorar is derived frompromoară (also meaning "hoarfrost"), and its use is mainly restricted toMoldavia. |
| December | decembrie | neios, ningău, îndrea | neios derives from nea ("snow"). Ningău derives froma ninge ("to snow").Îndrea is the inherited Romanian form of the name Andrew, from LatinAndreas, asSaint Andrew's feast day, November 30, ushers in this month. |