Diocese of Richmond Diœcesis Richmondiensis | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Cathedral of the Sacred Heart | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Location | |
| Country |  United States |
| Territory | Central and SouthernVirginia, as well as theEastern Shore of Virginia |
| Ecclesiastical province | Baltimore |
| Metropolitan | Baltimore |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 36,711 sq mi (95,080 km2) |
Population
|
|
| Parishes | 142 |
| Schools | 28 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Sui iuris church | Latin Church |
| Rite | Latin Rite |
| Established | July 11, 1820 (205 years ago) |
| Cathedral | Cathedral of the Sacred Heart |
| Patron saint | St. Vincent de Paul |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Leo XIV |
| Bishop | Barry C. Knestout |
| Metropolitan Archbishop | William E. Lori |
| Map | |
 | |
| Website | |
| richmonddiocese.org | |
TheDiocese of Richmond (Latin:Diœcesis Richmondiensis) is aLatin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of theCatholic Church in Virginia in the United States. It is asuffragan diocese of the metropolitanArchdiocese of Baltimore.
The diocese's current bishop isBarry C. Knestout, who was appointed byPope Francis on December 5, 2017.[1][2]
The Diocese of Richmond encompasses all of central and southernVirginia, theHampton Roads area, and theEastern Shore of Chesapeake Bay.
As of 2022, the diocese had 135 diocesan and religious priests serving a Catholic population of 226,674 in 138 parishes and eight missions. The diocese was operating nine hospitals and seven facilities for the elderly.[3]
Prior to theAmerican Revolution, few Catholics lived in theBritish Colony of Virginia. Attempts to found Catholic settlements in Virginia were made byLord Baltimore in 1629, and by Captain George Brent in 1687. In 1634, Reverend John Altham, a Jesuit companion of ReverendAndrew White, performed missionary work among the Native American tribes living on the south bank of thePotomac River.
The colonial government of Virginia soon enacted stringent laws against the practice of Catholicism. In 1687, Reverends Edmonds and Raymond were arrested atNorfolk, Virginia, for exercising their priestly functions. During the last quarter of the 18th century, the few Catholic settlers at Aquia Creek near the Potomac, were attended by ReverendJohn Carroll and other Jesuit missionaries from Maryland.[4]
With the 1786 passage of theVirginia Statute for Religious Freedom, proposed by future US PresidentThomas Jefferson, Catholics were granted religious freedom in the new State of Virginia. ReverendJean Dubois, accompanied by several French priests and letters of introduction from theMarquis de Lafayette, arrived in Norfolk in August 1791. in December 1791, theVirginia General Assembly invited Dubois to celebrate a Mass in the courtroom of the new Virginia State House. This was the first Mass conducted anywhere in Richmond.[4]
Future US PresidentJames Monroe hosted Dubois in Richmond until he was able to rent a house there. Dubois later opened a school to teach French, the classics and arithmetic.[5] Virginia GovernorPatrick Henry helped Dubois learn English. For two years, Dubois mainly celebrated Mass in rented rooms or at the homes of Richmond's few Catholic families.[6]
According to tradition,Alexandria had a log chapel with an unknown resident Catholic priest by 1776. Reverend John Thayer from Boston was stationed at the chapel in 1794. ReverendFrancis Neale erected a brick church in Alexandria in 1796 and constructed a larger one there in 1811. ReverendAnthony Kohlmann and future BishopBenedict Fenwick frequently officiated in Alexandria.
The first Catholic church in Norfolk was St. Patrick's in 1791. Its parishioners were refugees who had fled France after theFrench Revolution in 1789. It is the oldest parish in the diocese.[7] Around 1796, Reverend James Bushe started building new church in Norfolk. He was succeeded there by the future ArchbishopLeonard Neale.
Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Richmond on July 11, 1820. He removed all of Virginia (except for the two counties of the Eastern Shore region) and present day West Virginia from the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Pius VII[4] appointed ReverendPatrick Kelly as its first bishop. After arriving in New York in 1820, Kelly traveled to Baltimore to meet BishopAmbrose Maréchal. Kelly wrote about to his brother about Maréchal:
He did not receive me over kindly, and tried to persuade me it would be dangerous to take possession of my See; but his arguments did not satisfy me, and I arrived Norfolk on 19th January.
In January 1821, Kelly took up residence inNorfolk which had a larger Catholic population than theepiscopal see inRichmond. While bishop, Kelly opened the firstCatholic school in the diocese and engaged inmissionary efforts. Kelly was soon involved in disputes with Maréchal over their jurisdictions. To end the fighting, Pius VII appointed Kelly as bishop of theDiocese of Waterford and Lismore in Ireland in early 1822. There would be no new bishop in Richmond for the next 18 years.
Pope Gregory XVI named ReverendRichard Whelan as the new bishop of the Diocese of Richmond in 1840. Since Kelly's departure in 1822, the diocese had been vacant. During that period, Richmond had become a stronghold of theKnow-Nothing political party, known for its anti-Catholic bigotry and violence. As the diocese only had six priests, Whelan appealed to theSocieties for the Propagation of the Faith in Paris,Lyon, France, andVienna in the Austrian Empire to recruit priests.[8] He also established aseminary college outside Richmond, where he resided and taught classes whenever he was in town. Whelan also established severalparishes, missions andschools.[8]
In 1848, Whelan petitionedPope Pius IX to divide the Diocese of Richmond into two dioceses, with theAllegheny Mountains serving as the boundary. In 1850, Pope Pius IX erected theDiocese of Wheeling. He removed from the Diocese of Richmond all of Virginia west of the Allegheny Mountains and the state ofPennsylvania. Pius IX named Whelan bishop of the new diocese and replaced him in Richmond with MonsignorJohn McGill of the Diocese of Bardstown.
When McGill arrived in Richmond in 1850, the diocese had 7,000 Catholics, eight priests, and 10 churches.[9] He convened the first diocesansynod in 1855. During his tenure, Virginia was devastated byyellow fever andcholera epidemics. Pius IX in 1858, transferred the territory of Alexandria to the Diocese of Richmond. The Federal government in 1846 had retroceded the city of Alexandria back to Virginia from theDistrict of Columbia.
During theAmerican Civil War, Catholics in theConfederate States were unable to purchase Catholic books published in the North. To fill the gap, McGill wrote,"The True Church Indicated to the Inquirer" and"Our Faith, the Victory", republished as"The Creed of Catholics".[9] He also visitedUnion Army prisoners of war in theLibby Prison in Richmond, doing what he could to aid them. In 1867, McGill brought the Sisters of Charity fromEmmitburgh, Maryland, to set up a school in the diocese.[9] McGill died in 1872 and Pius IX named James Gibbons, then vicar apostolic of North Carolina, as the new bishop of Richmond. Gibbons stayed in Richmond for five years, at which point Pius IX appointed himcoadjutor archbishop of Baltimore.
The start of the Civil War led to the formation of the state ofWest Virginia. It consisted of the western counties of Virginia, which had seceded from Virginia rather than be part of the breakawayConfederate States of America. However, the new state boundary between Virginia and West Virginia did not coincide with the boundary between the Dioceses of Wheeling and Richmond. This disparity endured for over a century. Pope Pius IX erected the new Diocese of Wilmington in 1868. As part of that new diocese, the pope removed two Eastern Shore counties from the Diocese of Richmond.[10]
After McGill died in 1872, Pope Leo XIII appointed ReverendJohn J. Keane of the Archdiocese of Baltimore as the new bishop of Richmond. As bishop, Keane established the Confraternity of the Holy Ghost, a Catholic fellowship, in the diocese. He publishedA Sodality Manual for the Use of the Servants of the Holy Ghost in 1880. Despite opposition, Keane founded schools and churches for Catholic African-Americans in the diocese. He addressedProtestant groups to educate them about the Catholic Church. Keene was appointed rector of theCatholic University of America in Washington D.C. in 1886. He resigned his post as bishop two years later to serve full time as rector.
In 1889, Leo XIII appointed MonsignorAugustine Van de Vyver as bishop of the Diocese of Richmond. In 1901, philanthropistThomas Ryan and his wife donated almost $500,000 to buy the land and construct a newSacred Heart Cathedral in Richmond. It was consecrated in 1906. While bishop, Van de Vyver open new religious congregations, schools and other Catholic institutions.[11] With assistance from a donor, Van de Vyver opened an industrial college for African-American boys inRock Castle, Virginia.Katherine Drexel, mother superior of theSisters of the Blessed Sacrament. opened a school for African-American girls.[12]
In August 1902, Reverend Joseph Anciaux a BelgianJosephite priest in Virginia wrote a letter to theCongregation of the Propaganda in Rome, condemning acceptance by the U.S. Catholic hierarchy ofracial segregation in the United States. He called it a radical and non-Catholic policy, and accused Van de Vyver personally of timidity in the face of "negro haters". In October 1902, Van de Vyver forced Anciaux to leave the diocese.[13]
.jpg)
After Van de Vyver died in 1911,Pope Pius X named Auxiliary BishopDenis J. O'Connell of theArchdiocese of San Francisco as the new bishop of Richmond. The first parish in Virginia Beach, the Star of the Sea, was established in 1915.
O'Connell resigned due to bad health in 1926 and Pope Pius XI named Auxiliary BishopAndrew Brennan of theDiocese of Scranton to replace him. In 1929, at Brennan's suggestion, theHoly Name Society of Richmond establish the Catholic Laymen's League of Virginia. It was created to counteract the flow of anti-Catholic bigotry and misinformation in the media and from some Protestant ministers.[14]
In 1935, Pius XI named MonsignorPeter Ireton of Baltimore to assist Brennan ascoadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Richmond, a job Ireton would hold for ten years. When Brennan resigned in 1945, Ireton automatically succeeded him as bishop of Richmond. During his tenure as bishop, Ireton established 42 parishes, built 24 schools, and increased the Catholic population from 37,000 to 147,000.[15]
Ireton died in 1958 and Pius XI appointed BishopJohn Russell from theDiocese of Charleston as his replacement. In implementing theSecond Vatican Council reforms, Russell established a diocesan Commission onEcumenical Affairs in 1963, and a diocesanPastoral Council and a Council of Priests in 1966.[16] A champion ofcivil rights, he had the parents of prospective students forRichmond'sCatholic schools be interviewed for signs ofracism.[17]
In 1970,Pope Paul VI named MonsignorWalter Sullivan as auxiliary bishop in Richmond. When Russell resigned in 1973, the pope appointed Sullivan as the new bishop. In 1974, Paul VI established the current boundaries of the Diocese of Richmond by:
In 1977, Sullivan established a joint Catholic andEpiscopalian parish, Holy Apostles inVirginia Beach. The church had separate altars for the two denominations. That same year, he established the diocesan Commission on Sexual Minorities to reach out toLGBTQ+ Catholics.[19]
The diocese was sued fordefamation in July 2003 for $14 million by Carole Kahwajy. A principal of St. Benedict School in Richmond, the diocese had fired her in January 2002. Kahwajy said that diocesan officials had spread a story that she had covered up sexual abuse of boys at the school by Reverend John Hesch. She also claimed that diocese said she was sexually abusing boys at the school and had a sexual relationship with another priest.[20] In 2003, after 33 years as bishop, Sullivan retired.
Pope John Paul II named BishopFrancis X. DiLorenzo of theDiocese of Honolulu as Sullivan's replacement in 2004. Upon his installation, DiLorenzo reactivated the diocese's liturgical commission to assert control over any statements or documents produced by clergy within the diocese. DiLorenzo in 2006 forcibly retired ReverendThomas J. Quinlan, pastor of Holy Family Catholic Church in Virginia Beach for a history of using offensive language during mass. The situation had culminated with what DiLorenzo termed a sacrilegious reference toMary, mother of Jesus, by Quinlan at a Christmas Eve mass.[21]
DiLorenzo moved his residence from Cathedral Place in Richmond toMidlothian. Some Catholics raised questions about the move and see it as a way to distance himself from his flock. But DiLorenzo responded that he is only 25 minutes away from the diocesan offices and that the move saved the diocese money: "Do I need to live in a three-story building by myself? I don't think so." The three-story house was turned into offices for those working in a building that the diocese was renting for $35,000 a year. "We saved ourselves thirty-some thousand a year," said DiLorenzo, "and I moved to Midlothian, a very quiet place."
In 2013, the diocese reported an increase in the number ofseminarians preparing for the priesthood. According to Michael Boehling, the typical candidate was in his early to mid-20s, and was a college graduate with a degree in history, science or mathematics. "They are articulate and bright, well-rounded individuals who are mature for their age,"[22]
A judge in 2016 dismissed a lawsuit filed by a former diocesan employee. The diocese had hired John Murphy to serve as executive director of Saint Francis Home in Richmond. The diocese fired him a week later after learning that he was in a same-sex marriage. Murphy asked for a dismissal after reaching a settlement with the diocese.[23]
DiLorenzo ended the diocesan sexual minorities commission, which his predecessor had established in 1977.[24][25] DiLorenzo increased the number of clustered parishes. He also brought in consultants to review some diocesan departments and commissions for dissolution.[26] DiLorenzo died in 2017.[27] His replacement as bishop was Auxiliary BishopBarry C. Knestout from the Archdiocese of Washington, appointed by Pope Francis in 2017
In January 2019, Knestout gave permission to theEpiscopal Diocese of Southern Virginia to useSaint Bede Catholic Church inWilliamsburg for the ordination of ReverendSusan B. Haynes as its new bishop. The Episcopal diocese did not have a cathedral and usually rotated locations for its ordinations and other events.[28] The announcement was met with opposition by some Catholics who objected to holding a non-Catholic worship service and theepiscopal ordination of a woman in a Catholic church. Over 3,000 people signed an online petition condemning the action. Two days later, the Diocese of Southern Virginia announced it would celebrate Haynes' ordination elsewhere.[29]
In March 1994, after the suicide death of a 21 year old man, his parents sent a request to the diocese that Reverend John Hesch not participate in the funeral mass. That request prompted an investigation by the diocese, which revealed allegations by the deceased man that Hesch had sexually molested him during the 1980s when he was a student at St. Benedict School. When Hesch returned from a trip to Europe in June 1994, Sullivan confronted him with the accusations. Later that day, Hesch committed suicide.
In July 1994, a former teacher at St. Benedict, Jacqueline M. Mishkel, said she and another teacher had reported Hesch to the diocese in 1985. Mishkel said that boys told her that during Hesch'ssex education classes, he had the boys feel his exposed penis. She said the diocese told her Hesch would be sent away for counseling, but nothing happened.[30]
In April and August 1996, according to the 2023 Attorney General’s Report on Child Sexual Abuse in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, two men reported to the Diocese of Richmond that they had been sexually molested as young teenagers by Reverend John Bostwick III between 1980 and 1982. During trips with the boys, Bostwick fondled one boy's genitals and tried the same with the second boy. Bishop Sullivan in November 1996 suspended Bostwick, then serving in Louisiana, and ordered him to attend a treatment facility, which Bostwick refused.[31] Bostwick was never returned to ministry.
In February 2019, Knestout released a list of 42 priests with "credible and substantiated" accusations of sexual abuse against them. The list covered allegations from the 1950s to 1993.[32][33] The liste included BishopCarroll Dozier of theDiocese of Memphis, who was accused of committing acts of sex abuse while serving in the Diocese of Richmond.[34]
In 2019, Knestout instructed Reverend Mark White to shut down his blog, under pain of removal from the priesthood. White had criticized the church hierarchy's handling of thechild sexual abuse crisis. His targets included former CardinalTheodore McCarrick, for whom Knestout had served as priest secretary, and CardinalDonald Wuerl, with whom Knestout had worked as auxiliary bishop.[35] In May 2020, Knestout removed White from his parish and trespassed him from the parish residence.[36] Knestout ordered White to take up residence at a retreat center and undertake a ministry to prisoners. In June 2020, the Vatican denied White's appeal of Knestout's decree on technical grounds.[37] In 2021, White said that Knestout was petitioning the Vatican tolaicize him.[38]
In October 2020, Richmond newspapers revealed that the diocese had paid $6.3 million to settle 51 out of 68 claims of sexual abuse.[39][40] In July 2021, the diocese added four more names to its list of clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse.[41]
TheKnights of Columbus has several councils in the Diocese of Richmond. One of its best known services is the KOVAR drive, which raises money for Virginians with intellectual disabilities.[42]
As of 2022, the Diocese of Richmond had nine high schools with an enrollment exceeding 1800 students and 24 elementary schools with an enrollment exceeding 6500.[3]
Bon Secours Memorial College of Nursing – Henrico.
Holy Cross Regional Catholic School – Lynchburg
The Diocese of Richmond oversees other Catholic education options across Virginia that are administered by different parishes, religious orders and private lay groups.[43]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Diocese of Richmond".Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Ecclesiastical Province of Baltimore | |
|---|---|
37°32′50.8″N77°27′07.7″W / 37.547444°N 77.452139°W /37.547444; -77.452139
