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Rochefort, Charente-Maritime

Coordinates:45°56′32″N0°57′32″W / 45.9421°N 0.9588°W /45.9421; -0.9588
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Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
Rochefort
Port in Rochefort
Port in Rochefort
Flag of Rochefort
Flag
Coat of arms of Rochefort
Coat of arms
Map
Location of Rochefort
Rochefort is located in France
Rochefort
Rochefort
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Rochefort is located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Rochefort
Rochefort
Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Coordinates:45°56′32″N0°57′32″W / 45.9421°N 0.9588°W /45.9421; -0.9588
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentCharente-Maritime
ArrondissementRochefort
CantonRochefort
IntercommunalityCA Rochefort Océan
Government
 • Mayor(2020–2026)Hervé Blanché[1]
Area
1
21.95 km2 (8.47 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
23,188
 • Density1,056/km2 (2,736/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
17299 /17300
Elevation0–29 m (0–95 ft)
(avg. 5 m or 16 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Rochefort (French pronunciation:[ʁɔʃfɔʁ]ⓘ;Occitan:Ròchafòrt), unofficiallyRochefort-sur-Mer (French pronunciation:[ʁɔʃfɔʁsyʁmɛʁ]; Occitan:Ròchafòrt de Mar) for disambiguation, is a city andcommune in SouthwesternFrance, aport on theCharente estuary. It is asubprefecture of theCharente-Maritimedepartment, located in theadministrative region ofNouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2015:Poitou-Charentes).

Geography

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Rochefort lies on the riverCharente, close to its outflow into theAtlantic Ocean. It is about 30 km southeast ofLa Rochelle.Rochefort station has rail connections to La Rochelle, Nantes and Bordeaux.

History

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In December 1665, Rochefort was chosen byJean-Baptiste Colbert as a place of "refuge, defence and supply" for theFrench Navy. TheArsenal de Rochefort served as a naval base anddockyard until it closed in 1926.

In September 1757, Rochefort was the target of an ambitiousBritish raid during theSeven Years' War.

Rochefort (centre-right) seen from Spot Satellite

Another infrastructure of early Rochefort from 1766 was itsbagne, a high-securitypenal colony involvinghard labour.Bagnes were then common fixtures in military harbors and naval bases, such asToulon orBrest, because they provided free labor. During theJacobin period of the French Revolution (1790–95), over800 Roman Catholic priests and other clergy who refused to take the anti-Papal oath of the "Civil Constitution of the Clergy" were put aboard a fleet of prison ships in Rochefort harbour, where most died due to inhumane conditions.

Off Rochefort, from the island ofÎle-d'Aix where he had spent several days hoping to flee toAmerica,Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to CaptainF. L. Maitland aboardHMSBellerophon, on 17 July 1815, ending the "Hundred Days".

Rochefort is a notable example of 17th-century "ville nouvelle" ornew town, which means its design and building resulted from a political decree. The reason for building Rochefort was to a large extent thatroyal power could hardly depend on rebelliousProtestantLa Rochelle, whichCardinal Richelieu had tobesiege a few decades earlier. Well into the 20th century, Rochefort remained primarily agarrison town. Thetourist industry, which had long existed due to the town'sspa, gained emphasis in the 1990s.

Population

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
179320,874—    
180015,000−4.61%
180614,615−0.43%
182112,389−1.10%
183114,040+1.26%
183615,441+1.92%
184120,077+5.39%
184621,738+1.60%
185124,330+2.28%
185628,998+3.57%
186130,212+0.82%
186630,151−0.04%
187228,299−1.05%
187627,012−1.16%
188127,854+0.62%
188631,256+2.33%
189133,334+1.30%
189634,392+0.63%
YearPop.±% p.a.
190136,458+1.17%
190636,694+0.13%
191135,019−0.93%
192129,473−1.71%
192628,275−0.83%
193126,452−1.32%
193629,482+2.19%
194629,472−0.00%
195430,858+0.58%
196228,648−0.92%
196829,226+0.33%
197528,155−0.53%
198226,167−1.04%
199025,561−0.29%
199925,797+0.10%
200925,317−0.19%
201424,300−0.82%
202023,410−0.62%
Source: EHESS[3] and INSEE (1968–2020)[4]

Sights

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Rochefort arsenal, in 1690
Map of Rochefort (around 1750)

Noteworthy buildings of the original naval establishment include:

  • a hospital, incorporating a School of Naval Medicine (now a museum)
  • the Arsenal with a monumental gateway and the National Navy Museum (Musée National de la Marine)
  • the Rope Factory (corderie), at over 370 metres long for centuries the longest manufacturing building in the world
  • three dry docks (radoubs) for shipbuilding and repair
  • a cannon foundry (not open to the public)

Other sights include:

  • a raretransporter bridge (pont transbordeur), consisting of a high level bridge containing a transport mechanism from which a ferry platform is suspended. This bridge, theRochefort-Martrou Transporter Bridge, built in 1900, is the only remaining one in France and one of only eight still in service world-wide
  • the municipal theatre (la Coupe d'Or)
  • the railway station
  • Saint-Louis church
  • Pierre Loti's house (closed indefinitely pending completion of renovation work)
  • Museums of Naval Aeronautics, old-time trades (Commerces d'Autrefois), and local archaeology (la Vieille Paroisse)
  • Conservatoire du Bégonia, the world's largestbegonia collection
  • L'Hermione, a replica of a 1779 frigate completed in the town in 2014

Notable inhabitants

[edit]
Pierre Loti, 1892

Rochefort was the birthplace of:

International relations

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Rochefort istwinned with:[6]

Climate

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Climate data for Rochefort (Saint-Agnant) (1992–2020 normals, extremes 1992–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)17.0
(62.6)		23.0
(73.4)		26.2
(79.2)		30.3
(86.5)		33.2
(91.8)		40.6
(105.1)		41.4
(106.5)		40.1
(104.2)		35.5
(95.9)		31.3
(88.3)		23.0
(73.4)		19.7
(67.5)		41.4
(106.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)9.9
(49.8)		11.0
(51.8)		14.0
(57.2)		16.7
(62.1)		20.2
(68.4)		23.6
(74.5)		25.5
(77.9)		25.6
(78.1)		23.1
(73.6)		18.7
(65.7)		13.5
(56.3)		10.4
(50.7)		17.7
(63.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)6.9
(44.4)		7.4
(45.3)		9.7
(49.5)		12.1
(53.8)		15.6
(60.1)		18.8
(65.8)		20.6
(69.1)		20.6
(69.1)		17.9
(64.2)		14.6
(58.3)		10.1
(50.2)		7.4
(45.3)		13.5
(56.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)4.0
(39.2)		3.7
(38.7)		5.4
(41.7)		7.4
(45.3)		10.9
(51.6)		14.1
(57.4)		15.7
(60.3)		15.5
(59.9)		12.8
(55.0)		10.5
(50.9)		6.8
(44.2)		4.3
(39.7)		9.3
(48.7)
Record low °C (°F)−8.8
(16.2)		−8.4
(16.9)		−8.7
(16.3)		−2.5
(27.5)		2.0
(35.6)		6.0
(42.8)		9.3
(48.7)		8.6
(47.5)		4.7
(40.5)		−1.9
(28.6)		−5.8
(21.6)		−9.2
(15.4)		−9.2
(15.4)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)77.3
(3.04)		56.7
(2.23)		57.7
(2.27)		65.1
(2.56)		57.6
(2.27)		46.6
(1.83)		37.1
(1.46)		44.4
(1.75)		61.5
(2.42)		82.8
(3.26)		98.0
(3.86)		93.4
(3.68)		778.2
(30.64)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm)12.010.110.010.29.36.96.26.88.011.312.713.7117.1
Source: Meteociel[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Répertoire national des élus: les maires".data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
  2. ^"Populations de référence 2022" (in French). National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui:Commune data sheet Rochefort,EHESS(in French).
  4. ^Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  5. ^Gosse, Edmund William (1911)."Loti, Pierre" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 19–20.
  6. ^"Comité de Jumelage de Rochefort".rochefort.comite-jumelage.fr (in French). Comité de Jumelage de Rochefort. Retrieved20 November 2019.
  7. ^"Normales et records pour Saint Agnant (17)". Meteociel. Retrieved21 November 2024.

Movies: "Les Demoiselles De Rochefort" 1967 - Jacques Demy

External links

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