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Robertson v. National Basketball Ass'n

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American legal case

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Robertson v. National Basketball Ass'n

Court	United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Full case name	Robertson v. National Basketball Association
Argued	April 7, 1977
Decided	June 9, 1977
Citation	556F.2d 682
Court membership
Judges sitting	James Lowell Oakes,Charles Edward Wyzanski Jr.(D. Mass.),James Stuart Holden(D. Vt.)
Case opinions
Majority	Oakes, joined byunanimous
Laws applied
Sherman Antitrust Act

Robertson v. National Basketball Association, 556F.2d 682 (2d Cir. 1977),^[1] was anantitrust lawsuit filed byAmerican basketball playerOscar Robertson against theNational Basketball Association (NBA). Filed in 1970, the lawsuit was settled in 1976 and resulted in the free agency rules now used in the NBA.^[2]

Facts

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Robertson sought through his lawsuit to block any merger of the NBA with theAmerican Basketball Association (ABA), to end the option clause that bound a player to a single NBA teamin perpetuity, to end theNBA's college draft binding a player to one team, and to end restrictions on free-agent signings. The suit also sought damages for NBA players for past harm caused by the option clause.

Robertson's lawsuit prevented the planned 1970 merger of theNational Basketball Association with theAmerican Basketball Association.

Judgment

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The court issued an injunction against any merger. TheABA-NBA merger was thus delayed until 1976.

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(April 2013)

Significance

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In 1972,Congress came close to enacting legislation to enable a merger but the measure was not passed. As a result, the two leagues did not merge until 1976.

Although he wasn't playing anymore, Robertson was not out of sight. As president of theNBA players union, Robertson's 1970 suit against the NBA contended the draft, option clause and other rules restricting player movement were violations ofantitrust laws. The suit was settled in 1976, when the league agreed to let players becomefree agents in exchange for their old team's "right of first refusal" to match any offer they might receive.^[3]

v t e Sources on mergers
Clayton Act 1914 §7
Northern Securities Co. v. US,193 U.S.197 (1904)
US v. Philadelphia National Bank,374 U.S.321 (1963)
US v. Von's Grocery Co.,384 U.S.270 (1966)
US v. General Dynamics Corp.,415 U.S.486 (1974)
Horizontal Merger Guidelines (2010)
FTC v. Staples, Inc., 970 F. Supp. 1066 (1997)
Hospital Corp. of America v. FTC, 807 F. 2d 1381 (1986)
FTC v. H.J. Heinz Co., 246 F.3d 708 (2001)
US v. Oracle Corp, 331 F. Supp. 2d 1098 (2004)
US v. Columbia Steel Co.,334 U.S.495 (1948)
US v. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co.,351 U.S.377 (1956)
Brown Shoe Co., Inc. v. United States,370 U.S.294 (1962)
US v. Sidney W. Winslow,227 U.S.202 (1913)
US v. Continental Can Co.,378 U.S.441 (1964)
FTC v. Proctor & Gamble Co.,386 U.S.568 (1967)
FTC v. Dean Foods Co,384 U.S.597 (1966)
Robertson v. NBA, 556 F.2d 682 (1977)
Citizen Publishing Co. v. United States,394 U.S.131 (1969)
Cargill, Inc. v. Monfort of Colorado, Inc,479 U.S.104 (1986)
SeeUS antitrust law andmergers

Notes

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^Robertson v. National Basketball Ass'n, 556 F.2d 682 (2d Cir. 1977).
^Oscar Robertson, N.B.A. Should Honor Its History and Learn From It,The New York Times (December 24, 2011).
^Ron Flatter, Oscar defined the triple-double, ESPN (last visited June 20, 2018).

External links

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Text ofRobertson v. National Basketball Association, 556 F.2d 682 (2d Cir. 1977) is available from: CourtListener Google Scholar Justia
New York Times article

United States antitrust law

History
Interstate Commerce Commission (1887–1996)
Bureau of Corporations (1903–1915)
Pujo Committee (1912–1913)
Federal Trade Commission (1914–)
U.S. Justice Department Antitrust Division (1919–)
U.S. Senate Judiciary Antitrust Subcommittee
U.S. House Judiciary Antitrust Subcommittee

Statutes and
regulations

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
Elkins Act (1903)
Expediting Act (1903)
Publicity In Taking Evidence Act (1913)
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
Webb–Pomerene Act (1918)
Willis Graham Act (1921)
Capper–Volstead Act (1922)
Robinson–Patman Act (1936)
Wheeler–Lea Act (1938)
McCarran–Ferguson Act (1945)
Celler–Kefauver Act (1950)
Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961
Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970
Tunney Act (1974)
Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act (1976)
National Cooperative Research and Production Act (1993)
Executive Order 14036 (2021)

Supreme Court
case law

Sherman Antitrust Act Section 1 case law	United States v. American Tobacco Co. (1911) United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. (1940) International Salt Co. v. United States (1947) United States v. Line Material Co. (1948) Kiefer-Stewart Co. v. Seagram & Sons, Inc. (1951) United States v. New Wrinkle, Inc. (1952) United States v. Loew's Inc. (1962) United States v. Wise (1962) Silver v. New York Stock Exchange (1963) United States v. Singer Mfg. Co. (1963) Albrecht v. Herald Co. (1968) United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd. (1973) Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar (1975) Continental Television, Inc. v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. (1977) Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois (1977) Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society (1982) Rice v. Norman Williams Co. (1982) Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp. (1984) Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 2 v. Hyde (1984) NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma (1984) Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp. (1986) State Oil Co. v. Khan (1997) Texaco Inc. v. Dagher (2006) Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly (2007) Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. (2007) American Needle, Inc. v. National Football League (2010) Ohio v. American Express Co. (2018) National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (2021)
Sherman Antitrust Act Section 2 case law	Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States (1911) Lorain Journal Co. v. United States (1951) Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp. (1965) Otter Tail Power Co. v. United States (1973) Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp. (1985) Spectrum Sports, Inc. v. McQuillan (1993) Verizon Communications Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLP (2004) Weyerhaeuser Co. v. Ross-Simmons Hardwood Lumber Co. (2007) Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications, Inc. (2009)
OtherSherman Antitrust Act cases	United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895) United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association (1897) Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. United States (1899) Northern Securities Co. v. United States (1904) Swift & Co. v. United States (1905) Loewe v. Lawlor (1908) Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. John D. Park & Sons Co. (1911) United States v. Terminal Railroad Association (1912) Chicago Board of Trade v. United States (1918) United States v. Colgate & Co. (1919) Federal Baseball Club v. National League (1922) United States v. General Electric Co. (1926) Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States (1939) Ethyl Gasoline Corp. v. United States (1940) Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC (1941) United States v. Masonite Corp. (1942) United States v. Univis Lens Co. (1942) Parker v. Brown (1943) United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n (1944) Associated Press v. United States (1945) Hartford-Empire Co. v. United States (1945) Bigelow v. RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. (1946) United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. (1948) United States v. United States Gypsum Co. (1948–1950) Besser Manufacturing Co. v. United States (1951) Times-Picayune Publishing Co. v. United States (1953) Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc. (1953) United States v. International Boxing Club of New York, Inc. (1955) Radovich v. National Football League (1957) Klor's, Inc. v. Broadway-Hale Stores, Inc. (1959) United States v. Parke, Davis & Co. (1960) Haywood v. National Basketball Association (1971) Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc. (1971) Flood v. Kuhn (1972) Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc. (1979) California Retail Liquor Dealers Ass'n v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc. (1980) American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc. v. Hydrolevel Corp. (1982) Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc. (1985) Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc. (1992) Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. California (1993) Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc. (2006) North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners v. FTC (2015)
Interstate Commerce Act case law	United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association (1897) United States v. ICC (1970)
Clayton Antitrust Act case law	Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering (1921) Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC (1941) Mercoid cases (1944) Hartford-Empire Co. v. United States (1945) Bigelow v. RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. (1946) United States v. National City Lines Inc. (1948) Standard Oil Co. v. United States (1949) Tampa Electric Co. v. Nashville Coal Co. (1961) Silver v. New York Stock Exchange (1963) United States v. Philadelphia National Bank (1963) United States v. Continental Can Co. (1964) FTC v. Consolidated Foods Corp. (1965) Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp. (1965) FTC v. Dean Foods Co. (1966) Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc. (1971) Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of California (1972) Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois (1977) Pfizer Inc. v. Government of India (1978) Brooke Group Ltd. v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. (1993) Apple Inc. v. Pepper (2019)
FTC Act case law	Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC (1941) FTC v. Motion Picture Advertising Service Co. (1953) FTC v. Sperry & Hutchinson Trading Stamp Co. (1972) FTC v. Actavis, Inc. (2013)
Robinson–Patman Act case law	Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp. (1986) Brooke Group Ltd. v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. (1993)
Other cases	Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co. (1908) Black & White Taxicab & Transfer Co. v. Brown & Yellow Taxicab & Transfer Co. (1928) Watson v. Buck (1941) National Broadcasting Co. v. United States (1943) Dawson Chemical Co. v. Rohm & Haas Co. (1980) District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman (1983) Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Billing (2007) Comcast Corp. v. Behrend (2013) Animal Science Products v. Hebei Welcome Pharmaceuticals (2018)

Other federal
case law

United States v. Motion Picture Patents Co. (1915)
United States v. Consolidated Music Corporation (1922)
United States v. Vehicular Parking Ltd. (1944)
United States v. Alcoa (1945)
Gamco, Inc. v. Providence Fruit & Produce Building, Inc. (1952)
United States v. Morgan (1953)
United States v. Krasnov (1956)
United States v. Huck Mfg. Co. (1965)
Robertson v. National Basketball Ass'n (1977)
SmithKline Corp. v. Eli Lilly & Co. (1978)
United States v. Westinghouse Electric Co. (1981)
United States v. AT&T (1982)
Mid-South Grizzlies v. National Football League (1983)
United States v. Syufy Enterprises (1990)
Wilk v. American Medical Association (1990)
A.D. Bedell Wholesale Co., Inc. v. Philip Morris Inc. (2001)
United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001)
Fraser v. Major League Soccer (2002)
LePage's, Inc. v. 3M (2003)
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp. (2005)
United States v. Dentsply Int'l, Inc. (2005)
Tritent International Corp. v. Kentucky (2006)
Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp. (2006)
De Beers antitrust litigation (2008)
Redbox Automated Retail LLC v. Universal City Studios LLLP (2009)
Princo Corp. v. ITC (2010)
United States v. Adobe Systems Inc., et al. (2011)
United States v. Apple Inc. (2013)
O'Bannon v. NCAA (2015)
United States v. AT&T (2015)
FTC v. Qualcomm (2020)
New York v. Deutsche Telekom (2020)
Epic Games v. Apple (2021)
Burnett v. National Association of Realtors (2023)
Epic Games v. Google (2023)
FTC v. Microsoft (2023)
United States v. Google LLC (2024)
United States v. Google LLC (2025)

Ongoing
litigation ‡

FTC v. Meta (2020)
FTC v. Amazon (2023)
United States v. Apple Inc. (2024)
United States v. Live Nation Entertainment (2024)

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Facts

Judgment

Significance

See also

Notes

External links