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TheRite of Braga (orBragan Rite;Portuguese:rito bracarense)[1] is a Catholicliturgical rite associated with theArchdiocese of Braga inPortugal.
The historical Rite of Braga belonged to theRoman family of liturgical rites with someGallican influence.[2] It took shape within the Archdiocese of Braga between the 11th and 13th centuries.[3] The Missal of Mateus, which dates to the second quarter of the twelfth century, is the oldest known source for this Rite.[4]Pope Pius V'spapal bullsQuod a nobis of 9 July 1568 andQuo primum of 14 July 1570 imposed as a general rule theRoman Rite throughout theLatin Church, but exempted other Latin rites which had been in use for at least two centuries. Since the rite or "use" of Braga was more than 200 years old at the time of these bulls, it was not affected by them. However, subsequently the Roman Rite was increasingly adopted within the archdiocese and non-traditional elements were admitted into celebrations of the archdiocese's rite.[3]
In the 20th century an attempt was made by ArchbishopManuel Vieira de Matos, with the approval ofPope Pius XI, to expunge the accretions, to revise the texts and to make the rite obligatory within the archdiocese.[5][6] A missal was published in 1924.[7] However, the Rite of Braga has rarely been used since theSecond Vatican Council.
In 2018, thePontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei (PCED) considers it a local Use of the Roman Rite, rather than an independent rite.[8]
The Use of Braga contains many of the classically medieval features of the liturgy, which will be familiar to those who use the Dominican, Premonstratensian or Old Carmelite liturgical books, or those who have studied the Uses of Sarum, Paris etc., but also many features unique to itself.[9]
A peculiarity of the Rite of Braga was the recitation of theAve Maria at the start ofMass and of theSub tuum praesidium at the end.[10]
In a talk on 24 October 1998,Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) cited the Rite of Braga as one of the liturgical rites whose variety within the Latin Church demonstrated that unity does not require liturgical uniformity.[11]
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