Rabbis and poskim of the 11th–15th centuries
Rishonim Hebrew: [ʁiʃoˈnim] Hebrew :ראשונים ,lit. ראשון Rishon ) were the leadingrabbis andposkim Shulchan Aruch שׁוּלחָן עָרוּך Geonim Shulchan Aruch are generally known asacharonim
The distinction between theRishonim Geonim halakha Orthodox Judaism , theAcharonim generally cannot dispute the rulings of rabbis of previous eras unless they find support from other rabbis in previous eras. On the other hand, this view is not formally a part ofhalakha [ 1] The Principles of Jewish Law , Orthodox rabbiMenachem Elon writes that:
[such a view] "inherently violates the precept ofHilkheta Ke-Vatra'ei, that is, the law is according to the later scholars. This rule dates from the Geonic period. It laid down that until the time of Rabbis Abbaye and Rava (4th century) thehalakha was to be decided according to the views of the earlier scholars, but from that time onward, the halakhic opinions of post-talmudic scholars would prevail over the contrary opinions of a previous generation.[ 2]
Abraham Ibn Ezra (center)Isaac Alfasi Maimonides ' statue inCórdoba Nachmanides Rashi Menahem ben Helbo , 11th century French tosafist and exegeteIsaac ibn Ghayyat (Me'ah She'arim ), 11th century Spanish halakhist and commentator.Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry , 11th century French Talmudist (?-1105)Bahya ibn Paquda , (Hovot ha-Levavot ), 11th century Spanish philosopher and moralistRabbenu Gershom , 11th century German Talmudist and legalistIsaac Alfasi , (Hilkhot haRif ), 11th century North African and Spanish Talmudist and HalakhistJonah ibn Janah , 11th century Hebrew grammarianRashi , (Solomon ben Yitzchak), 11th century French Talmudist and exegeteTosafists , (Tosafot ), 11th, 12th and 13th century Talmudic scholars in France and GermanySimeon Kara , 11th century rabbi and Joseph's fatherBaruch ben Samuel (haHokhmah ), 12th century Talmudist and poet (d. 1221)Isaac of Chernigov , 12th century exegeteEleazar of Worms (Rokeah ), 12th century German halakhistJudah ben Samuel of Regensburg (Hasidim ), 12th century German mystic and halakhistIsaac ben Abba Mari (Ittur Soferim ), 12th centuryProvençal rabbi (c. 1122 – c. 1193 ) Jacob ben Meir , 12th century Talmudist, halakhist, and Biblical philologist (1100–1171)Shemaiah of Soissons , 12th century Talmudist and Biblical exegeteJoseph Kara , 12th century Biblical exegete. (c. 1065 – c. 1135 ) Isaiah di Trani , 12th century Biblical exegete and halakhist. (c. 1180 – c. 1250 ) Isaac ben Dorbolo , 12th-century halakhistAbraham ibn Daud , (Kabbalah ), 12th century Spanish philosopherAbraham ibn Ezra , (Ibn Ezra ), 12th century Spanish-North African Biblical commentatorSamuel ben Jacob Jam'a , 12th century North African rabbi and scholarJoseph Kimhi (HaGilui ), 12th century exegete, grammarian, and lexicographerMoses Kimhi , 12th century biblical commentator and grammarian.David Kimhi ,(RaDaK ) 12th century French biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarianEliezer ben Nathan , 12th century poet and pietistHillel ben Eliakim , (Rabbeinu Hillel ), 12th century Talmudist and disciple ofRashi Solomon ben Meir , 12th century grandson ofRashi , one of theTosafot .Ibn Tibbon , a family of 12th and 13th century Spanish and French scholars, translators, and leadersJoseph ibn Migash 12th century Spanish Talmudist androsh yeshiva ; teacher of Maimon, father of MaimonidesMaimonides , Moshe Ben Maimon, (Rambam ), 12th century Spanish-North African Talmudist, philosopher, and law codifierSamuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon , 12th-13th century French Maimonidean philosopher and translatorYehuda Halevi , (Kuzari ), 12th century Spanish philosopher and poet devoted to ZionDavid ben Reuven Bonafed [he ] , (Rabbeinu David), 12th century Talmudist with a commentary on MasechetPesachim that has become influential on contemporaryIyyun Yitzhak Saggi Nehor , (Isaac the Blind), 12th-13th centuryProvençal KabbalistZerachiah ha-Levi of Girona , (Maor ) 12th century TalmudistMoses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah (Shoham ) 12-13th century grammarianIsaac ben Joseph of Corbeil (Mitzvot Katan ), died 1280, halakhistIsaac of Ourville (Menahel ), 13th-century halakhistMenahem Recanati (Pisqe Recanati ), 13th-century halakhistAbraham ben Nathan (Manhig ), 13th centuryProvençal Talmudist.Moses de León (Zohar ), 13th century Spanish KabbalistMoses ben Meir of Ferrara , 13th century TosafistEliezer ben Samuel of Metz (Yereim ), 13th century Tosafist. (c. 1140-1237 ) Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona , 13th century Tosafist.Judah ben Benjamin Anaw , 13th century Italian halakhist and Talmudist (c. 1215-1280 ) Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw (Shibbolei HaLeqet ), 13th century Italian halakhist (c. 1220 -1280) Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw , 13th century poet, exegete, and halakhist. (d.c. 1289 ) Abba Mari , (Minhat Kenaot ), 13th centuryProvençal rabbi (c. 1250 – c. 1306 ) Isaiah di Trani the Younger , 13th century Biblical exegete and halakhistAsher ben Jehiel , (Rosh ), 13th century German-Spanish TalmudistMeir of Rothenburg , 13th century German rabbi and poetIsaac ben Moses of Vienna , 13th century Bohemian PosekMeir Abulafia , (Yad Ramah ), 13th century Spanish TalmudistMordecai ben Hillel , (The Mordechai ), 13th century German HalakhistNahmanides , Moshe ben Nahman, (Ramban ), 13th century Spanish and Holy Land mystic and TalmudistMenachem Meiri , (Meiri ), 13th century TalmudistYom Tov Asevilli , (Ritva ), 13th century TalmudistSolomon ben Aderet , (Rashba ), 13th century TalmudistAharon HaLevi , (Ra'ah ), 13th century TalmudistMeshullam ben Jacob ,(Meshullam Hagadol) , 13th century Talmudist.(1235-1310)Joseph Caspi , 13th–14th century talmudist, grammarian, and philosopher. (1280—1345)Bahya ben Asher ibn Halawa , 13th-14th century commentator, Talmudist and KabbalistMoses of Évreux , one of three rabbi brothers in 13th centuryNormandy , modern-dayFrance .Moses da Rieti (Miqdash Me'at ), 14th-century poet and philosopherDavid Abudirham , 14th century liturgical commentatorGersonides , Levi ben Gershom, (Ralbag ), 14th century French Talmudist and philosopherJacob ben Asher , (Arba'ah Turim ), 14th century German-Spanish HalakhistYaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin ,(Maharil) , 14th century codifier of Germanminhag Hasdai Crescas , (Or Hashem ), 14th century Talmudist and philosopherIsaac Lattes (Kiryat Sefer ), 14th-century French chronicler.Immanuel of Rome , 14th century Italian poet (1261-c. 1335 ) Benjamin ben Judah , 14th century Italian exegete. (c. 1290-1335 ) Kalonymus ben Kalonymus , 14th-century French translator and philosopher.Benjamin ben Isaac of Carcassonne , 14th century scholar.Nissim of Gerona , (RaN ), 14th century Halakhist and TalmudistCrescas Vidal , 14th century Talmudist and philosopherMoses of Zurich [he ] (SM"K miZurich ), 14th-century halakhist (fl. 1360)Samuel ben Aaron Schlettstadt (Mordechai haKatan ), 14th century German halakhist^ See Kesef Mishna (Maamrim 2:2), Kovetz Igros Chazon Ish (2:26) ^ See Piskei Ha'Rosh, Bava Metzia 3:10, 4:21, Shabbat 23:1
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