Ferdinand Magellan was the first European explorer to visit the coasts of the provinces in 1520. Italian priestNicolás Mascardi founded theJesuitmissionNuestra Señora de Nahuel Huapi in 1670 at the shore of theNahuel Huapi Lake, at the feet of the Andes range.
Originally part of the Argentine territory called Patagonia (in 1878 theGobernación de la Patagonia[4]), in 1884 it was organised into theTerritorio Nacional del Río Negro and General Lorenzo Vintter was appointed as the territory's first governor. It was only in 1957,[5] that Río Negro acquired status of a province; its first provincial governor wasEdgardo Castello of theRadical Civic Union (UCR).[6]
Río Negro, the "black river" and the province's namesake.
Río Negro is one of the six provinces that make up Argentine Patagonia.[7] It is bounded to the north by theColorado River which separates it fromLa Pampa Province, to the east by theAtlantic Ocean and to the west by theAndes and theLimay River (serves as the natural border withNeuquén Province).[7] The42nd parallel south marks the southern limit of the province.[7] With an area of 203,013 square kilometres (78,383.8 sq mi), it is the 4th largest province by area.[8]
Roadside scenery along the Upper Valley of theRío Negro ("Black River").
The mean annual temperatures in the province are relatively cold for its latitude owing to the marine currents to the east and higher altitude to the west. Mean annual temperatures in the province can vary, depending on altitude and distance from the sea. The northern parts of the province are the warmest, with a mean annual temperature of more than 15 °C (59.0 °F) while the coldest areas are found in the Cordillera where the mean annual temperatures are less than 10 °C (50.0 °F). At the highest peaks, the mean annual temperature is less than freezing. Summer temperatures can exceed 40 °C (104.0 °F) although the mean January temperatures range from 20 to 24 °C (68.0 to 75.2 °F). In contrast, the Andean region has milder summers with mean January temperatures of 15 °C (59.0 °F) or less, depending on the altitude. In July, mean temperatures range from 7 to 8 °C (44.6 to 46.4 °F) on the coast in the north to around 2 to 3 °C (35.6 to 37.4 °F) in the central plateau.[9]
Relative humidity is lower in the central plateau where they average 50%.[9] Along the coastal regions, humidity is higher with a mean annual humidity of 60% while the Andean region has the highest humidity with an average annual humidity exceeding 65% due to the lower temperatures there.[9] In all locations, humidity is lower in the summer and higher in the winter owing to the higher temperatures in the summer.[9]
The Andes block most of the moisture from thePacific Ocean from coming in, causing it to release most of the precipitation on its western slopes and as such, most of the province is dry, with a mean annual precipitation around 200 millimetres (8 in).[9] Coastal areas and northern parts of the province receive a slightly higher precipitation, where it can average above 300 millimetres (12 in) a year.[9] The Andean region receives the most precipitation with areas receiving a mean annual precipitation of 200 to 1,000 millimetres (8 to 39 in) in which the precipitation gradient is very strong and increases westwards.[9] In some places, precipitation can exceed 3,000 millimetres (118 in) a year.[9] Most of the Andean region has a rainfall pattern that isMediterranean like, similar to Central Chile in which most of the precipitation falls during the winter months and summers are dry.[9]
One dominant characteristic of the climate is the strong winds that are observed throughout the province.[9] Summers tend to be windier than winters.[9] Winds coming from the west, southwest and northwest are common, occurring 50% of the time (60% if calm winds are not included).[9] There is some tendency for the winds to come from the east, particularly on the coastal regions when sea breezes from the east can occur when westerly winds are weak, which can be felt up to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the coast.[9] The mean wind speed throughout the province varies with the northern parts having the lowest wind speeds while the highest altitude areas being the windiest.[9] Except for the northern parts of the province, mean annual wind speeds exceed 4 metres per second (13 ft/s).[9]
Cloud cover varies throughout the province, ranging from more than 60% in the Andean region to about 40% in the coastal areas.[9] The central plateaus have intermediate amounts of cloud cover between these 2 regions.[9] As such, the Andean region is cloudier than the rest of the province.[9] Sunshine ranges from 10–11 hours of sunshine/day in January to about 5 hours of sunshine/day (less cloudier areas) to less than 3 hours of sunshine/day (more cloudier areas) in July.[9]
According to the results from the 2010census[INDEC], the province has a population of 638,645 with 316,774 males and 321,871 females.[10] It constitutes 1.6% of the total population in Argentina.[12]: 63 This represented a 15.5% increase in the population compared to 2001census[INDEC] which had 552,822 inhabitants.[10] Amongst of all the provinces inPatagonia[note 1], it is the most populous, containing 30.4% of the total population in Patagonia.[note 1][13]
The province is home to four indigenous groups: TheTehuelches, thePuelches, thePehuenches, and theMapuches.[14] Almost all of the indigenous population in the province are the Mapuches with the rest being small in number where their few descendants live in the neighbouring provinces.[14] The Mapuches along with some of the Pehuenches originally lived in the western parts of the province although today, they mainly live in the southern parts of the province.[14] The Tehuelches were nomadic people that hunted on the steppes in the province.[14] The Puelches, being also nomadic, lived on the northern margins of Nahuel Huapi Lake and the surrounding forests in the Andean mountains, living off hunting and fishing.[14] It is estimated that Mapuches started coming to the region before 1880 from Chile, leading to theimposition of their culture onto the other indigenous groups.[14] Originally agricultural people, the Mapuches became nomadic upon arrival to the province due to the utilization of horses.[14]
The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court.
As of December 2019,Arabela Carreras became governor of the province, following the retirement ofAlberto Weretilneck due to term-limit. She is the first woman elected governor of the province.[15]
The Constitution of Río Negro Province forms the formal law of the province.
Llao Llao Hotel, on Lake Nahuel Huapi. Tourism adds at least 10% to Rio Negro's economy.
Argentina's ninth-largest, Rio Negro's economy is a diversified service-based one with vigorous agricultural and light manufacturing sectors. Its 2006 output was an estimated US$5.420 billion, or a per capita income of US$9,805.[17] In 2013, its output increased to $43.349 billionPesos (about US$7.939 billion) at current market prices.[18][19]
There is a gold mine located at Calcatreu, nearIngeniero Jacobacci, owned byPan American Silver.[20] in December 2011 the provincial government repealed a law banning the use ofcyanide in mineral processing, and the mine's owners regarded this as a positive development which is likely to bring increased investment.[21]
Returns ofsouthern right whales are possibly the biggest of tourism attractions.[22] They swim and rest very close to shore, and theSan Matías Gulf is the only place in the world where swimming with this kind is commercially permitted.[23]
-2.svg)
.JPG)
.jpg)
