Rick Snyder | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Snyder in 2017 | |
| 48th Governor of Michigan | |
| In office January 1, 2011 – January 1, 2019 | |
| Lieutenant | Brian Calley |
| Preceded by | Jennifer Granholm |
| Succeeded by | Gretchen Whitmer |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Richard Dale Snyder (1958-08-19)August 19, 1958 (age 67) Battle Creek, Michigan, U.S. |
| Party | Republican |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3 |
| Education | University of Michigan (BGS,MBA,JD) |
| Signature |  |
Richard Dale Snyder (born August 19, 1958) is an American business executive, venture capitalist, attorney, accountant, and politician who served as the 48thgovernor of Michigan from 2011 to 2019. Snyder, who was born inBattle Creek, Michigan, began his career in business in 1982. He waschairman of the board ofGateway from 2005 to 2007, a co-founder of Ardesta, LLC, aventure capital firm, HealthMedia, Inc., a digital health coaching company, and is currently CEO of SensCy,[1] a cybersecurity company based inAnn Arbor, Michigan.[2]
A member of theRepublican Party,[3] he won the2010 Michigan gubernatorial election and won reelection in2014.[4] Snyder was term-limited and could not seek re-election in2018 and was succeeded by DemocratGretchen Whitmer. Snyder wasconsidered a possible Republican Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 2012, although ultimatelyPaul Ryan was selected.[5][6][7][8]
In 2014, Snyder gained national attention during theFlint water crisis, in which he was accused of mishandling the situation that exposed thousands of Flint residents to lead-contaminated water. A report by the University of Michigan School of Public Health concluded Snyder bore "significant legal responsibility" for the Flint water crisis.[9] In 2020, an article was published inVice detailing evidence of corruption and a cover-up by Snyder, including that he was warned repeatedly about the dangerous effects of the decisions he had made about the Flint water supply.[10] In January 2021, Snyder was among those criminally charged for the crisis.[11] He pled not guilty to two misdemeanor charges.[12][13][14] In December 2022, Genesee County JudgeF. Kay Behm dismissed the charges.[15]
Snyder was born to Dale F. and Helen Louella Snyder in Battle Creek,Calhoun County, Michigan, where he was raised. His father owned a localwindow-cleaning company in Battle Creek and was of paternalDutch descent.[16] He has an elder sister.[17] When he was 16, he took a business class atKellogg Community College on weekends. By his senior year atLakeview High School, Snyder had earned 23 college credits.[18]
Snyder visited the admissions office of theUniversity of Michigan in November 1975 and spoke with the admissions director, who recommended that Snyder attend Michigan and create his own degree.[19] Snyder received aBachelor of General Studies in 1977, aMaster of Business Administration in 1979, and aJuris Doctor in 1982, all from the University of Michigan.[20][21] Snyder is also aCertified Public Accountant (CPA).[22] He resides inAnn Arbor, Michigan with his wife Sue and their three children and has a vacation home nearGun Lake.[23] The couple were married in 1987 at Cherry Hill Presbyterian Church inDearborn, Michigan.[24] Snyder has indicated he is a practicingPresbyterian.[24]
Snyder was employed withCoopers & Lybrand, from 1982 to 1991, beginning in the tax department of theDetroit office. Snyder was named partner in 1988. The next year, Snyder was named partner-in-charge of themergers and acquisitions practice in theChicago office.[25] He served as anadjunctassistant professor of accounting at the University of Michigan from 1982 to 1984.[26]
Snyder joined the computer companyGateway (based inIrvine, California) in 1991 as the executive vice president. He served as president and chief operating officer from 1996 to 1997. He remained on the board of directors until 2007.[27] From 2005 to 2007, Snyder served as the chairman of the board. During 2006, Snyder served as interim chief executive officer while a search for a permanent replacement was made. His tenure on the Gateway board ran from 1991 to 2007 until Gateway was sold toAcer Inc. Snyder stated that he did not vote for outsourcing while he was a Gateway board director and he worked to bring jobs to America as the interim CEO of Gateway.[28]
In 1997, Snyder returned to Ann Arbor to found Avalon Investments Inc., aventure capital company with a $100 million fund, along with the co-founder of Gateway,Ted Waitt. Snyder was president and chief executive officer of Avalon from 1997 to 2000. He then co-founded ArdestaLLC, an investment firm, in 2000 along with three co-founders, which invested in 20 start-up companies through 2011. He was chairman and chief executive officer of the company.
In 1998, Snyder funded and co-founded HealthMedia Incorporated (HMI). HMI was developer of digital health coaching applications that implemented tailored questionnaires to gather personal information with the goal of creating customized health promotion plans for individuals. The University of Michigan Office of Technology Transfer provided the new company with exclusive research and development findings into health-related computerized tailored messaging and the exclusive licence to sell that content. Despite these benefits, HMI underperformed. In 2001, Snyder replaced the founding CEO and personally rescued the company from insolvency with more of his own money. After multiple rounds of more additional financing through venture capital, HMI was sold in 2008 for a reported $200 million toJohnson & Johnson. The sale of HMI transferred included personal health information from millions of users, which played a key role in the negotiated price. At the time of the reported $200 million deal, U-M PresidentMary Sue Coleman was on Johnson & Johnson's board of directors.[29] When campaigning for Michigan governor in 2010, Snyder was quoted as saying, "[HMI] is one of the best success stories in the state."[30] Following Snyder's election as Michigan governor, Johnson & Johnson then folded HMI into a subsidiary (Johnson & Johnson Health and Wellness Solutions) and is no longer operating in the state of Michigan.[31][32]
In July 2022, Snyder co-founded SensCy along with former State of Michigan CIO David Behen[33] Ann Arbor entrepreneur Bhushan Kulkarni,[34] and Dave Kelly[35] who led cyber command for the Michigan State Police. SensCy is a cybersecurity start-up focused on helping small and medium-sized organizations improve their cyberhealth. Snyder's firm invented the SensCy Score, a numeric representation of an organization's cyberhealth.[36] It is based inAnn Arbor.[2]
Snyder serves on the boards of theHenry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village (a National Historic Landmark), the Michigan chapter of theNature Conservancy, and several boards associated with his alma mater the University of Michigan. He was also first chair of the Michigan Economic Development Corporation in 1999 under Republican governorJohn Engler and was also the chair ofAnn Arbor SPARK.
Snyder competed withOakland CountySheriffMike Bouchard,state SenatorTom George, United States CongressmanPete Hoekstra, andMichigan Attorney GeneralMike Cox as candidates for the Republicangubernatorial nomination.Bill Ford Jr., chairman of theFord Motor Company, endorsed Snyder for the Republican nomination for governor.[37][38] He campaigned as "pro-life, pro-Second Amendment, [and] pro-family," with a focus on the economy.[21] His campaign emphasized his experience in growing business and creating jobs in the private sector, saying that his opponents were mainly career politicians. Snyder favors the standard exceptions on abortion for rape, incest, and saving the life of the mother (he signed legislation banningpartial birth abortion in October 2011); he opposes federal funding of abortions; he would not ban embryonic stem cell research; is opposed to same-sex marriage but would allow civil unions.[39][40]
In August 2010, Snyder won the primary to secure the Republican nomination with aplurality of 36% of the vote. In the general election in November, Snyder faced Democratic nomineeVirg Bernero, the mayor ofLansing, and threeminor party candidates. In October 2010, Snyder's campaign total exceeded $11.6 million, outpacing his opponent.[41] Snyder released his tax returns for 2007 and 2008.[42] Snyder won with 58% of the vote.[43] With Snyder's election in 2010, Republicans gained a majority in the Michigan House and increased the Republican majority held in the Michigan Senate. Snyder was the firstCertified Public Accountant (CPA) to be elected governor of the state and at the time, the only CPA to serve as a governor in the United States.[44]
In January 2014, Snyder launched his campaign for a second term as governor.[45][46] He was unopposed in the Republican primary and faced Democratic former United States RepresentativeMark Schauer for the general election.[47] Snyder was considered vulnerable in his bid for a second term, as reflected in his low approval ratings,[48][49][50][51] however, Schauer suffered from a lack of name recognition.[52][53] Snyder garnered approximately 51% of the vote in the November 2014 election, defeating Schauer and earning a second term.[4]
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His first executive order as governor was to divide the Department of Natural Resources and Environment into two distinct departments as they were a few years before: the Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Environmental Quality.[54][55] On January 7, 2011, Snyder announced he was appointing Michigan Supreme Court JusticeMaura D. Corrigan to head the Department of Human Services and appointed Michigan Appeals Court JudgeBrian K. Zahra to fill the resulting Supreme Court vacancy. Snyder delivered his first State of the State address on January 19, the earliest Michigan State of the State since Governor John Engler's 1996 address on January 17. He endorsed theDetroit River International Crossing for the first time publicly in the address, which was received favorably by Republicans.[56] Snyder appointedAndy Dillon, a pro-life Democrat,[57] and formerly Speaker of the House, to serve as state treasurer in his administration.
Snyder presented his first budget to the legislature on February 17, 2011,[58] calling it a plan for "Michigan's reinvention", and saying it would end Michigan's deficits. He described the budget as containing "shared sacrifice" but added that his budget plan would create jobs and spur economic growth. The $46 billion budget reduced $1.8 billion in spending, raised taxes by eliminating tax exemptions on pensions, while at the same time abolished the state's complex business tax, replacing it with a significantly reduced flat tax on the profits ofC corporations. This shift in tax burden led State Senate Minority Leader Gretchen Whitmer to criticize the budget, saying that it did not involve "shared sacrifice", but instead was balanced "on the backs of our kids, working families, and our seniors" and "picks out who he's willing to leave behind."[59] Snyder supported the government backed rescue of the American auto industry. This reflected the view of a 56% of Americans in 2012 who supported the 2009 auto bailout according to a Pew Research Center poll (63% support in Michigan).[60] On March 16, 2011, Snyder signed a controversial bill into law that gave increased powers toemergency managers of local municipalities to resolve financial matters.[61] The bill was repealed by voter initiative in November 2012. However, weeks later in December 2012 Snyder signed a revised version of the bill back into law.[62]
On December 22, 2011, Snyder signed into law The Public Employee Domestic Partner Benefit Restriction Act, which prevents the same-sex domestic partners of public employees at both the state and local level from receiving health benefits. In January 2012, theACLU filed a lawsuit against Snyder and the state of Michigan in federal court on behalf of five Michigan same-sex couples, each with one spouse working for local public schools or municipalities in Michigan. The suit alleged that the law violates theEqual Protection Clause of theFourteenth Amendment of theUnited States Constitution.[63][64] On June 28, 2013, a federal judge struck down the law.[65] He has also engaged in trade missions toEurope andAsia, focused on attracting attention on companies such asChrysler.[66]
Following approval from the legislature, Snyder signed the fiscal year 2012 budget in June, the earliest it had been completed in three decades.[67] In May 2012, Snyder joined a bipartisan effort urging theU.S. Congress to pass a measure to affirm that States can collect sales taxes on online purchases.[68][69] As governor, Snyder abolished the state's complex business tax in favor of aflat tax, and signed a bill which raised taxes by eliminating tax exemptions for pensions. For years Snyder had said anti-union legislation was not on his agenda, when on the morning of December 6, 2012, during alame duck session of the Republican-controlled Michigan legislature, Snyder called a joint press conference with the legislative leadership to announce fast-trackright-to-work legislation. The legislation passed both houses of the Michigan legislature that day, without committee votes or public hearings. A $1 million appropriation added to the legislation made it ineligible for repeal via referendum.[70] On December 10, PresidentBarack Obama visitedDaimler AG'sDetroit Diesel factory inRedford, Michigan, and told employees the legislation was about the "right to work for less money."[71][72] The law effectively provides that payment of union dues cannot be required as a condition of employment.[73] After a required four-day wait between the houses of the legislature passing each other's bills,[74] Snyder signed the legislation into law on December 11, 2012, making Michigan the 24th right-to-work state in the United States as part of a plan to attract business and jobs to the state.[75][76][77] The Employee Free Choice Act, as it was named, has received mixed results in polls.[78]
A Market Research Group poll conducted in March 2012 showed Snyder's approval rating rising to 50% among likely voters, which matched that of President Barack Obama, placing Snyder among the most popular Republican governors in states carried by Obama in the 2008 election cycle.[79] Snyder was briefly mentioned as a possible pick to be the Republican Party candidate forVice President of the United States in 2012.[5][6][80] His business executive background and 'positive' style were cited as political assets, with his deeds seen as strengthening the case for electing a business executive candidate as President of the United States.[81][82][83] He was also mentioned as a potential Republican Party candidate forPresident of the United States in 2016.[84][85][86][87]
In December 2012, Snyder signed legislation requiring facilities where at least 120abortions were performed annually to obtain a state license as freestanding surgical facilities.[88] Planned Parenthood had urged Snyder to veto the bill claiming it unnecessarily increases costs.[89] In January 2013, Snyder traveled toIsrael to meet withPrime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu. He was last in Israel in 1999 as a venture capitalist. "I had a chance to see the start of high-tech boom in Israel and that's great to see. This is really a startup nation. They've done a great job of being entrepreneurial, innovative, and that's a major part of their economy now and the good part is we can learn from that."[90] In March 2013, Snyder announced afinancial emergency for the city of Detroit[91] and appointed an emergency manager,Kevyn Orr. As a result of emergency manager appointments under Snyder's watch, over half of the state's black population lived in cities where the local government was appointed rather than elected by the voters.[92]
On December 27, 2013, Snyder signed a bill into law which nullified Section 1021 of theNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, which contained a controversial provision that allowed the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial.[93] On January 23, 2014, Snyder announced plans to offer visas to 50,000 immigrant workers with advanced degrees to help jumpstart the Detroit economy. The program's advocates claimed the program was expected to bring an influx of new jobs and a more stable tax base.[94] In June 2014, Snyder appointed a 15-member commission for improving and reforming Michigan's public defense efforts for the poor in the criminal justice system in order to effectively meet and ensure the rights safeguarded by the Constitution.[95]
On September 10, Detroit reached a deal with three Michigan counties over regional water and sewer services that was hoped to eliminate one roadblock to federal court approval of the city's plan to adjust its debt and exit bankruptcy. The deal with Oakland, Wayne and Macomb counties created a regional water and sewer authority, but allowed Detroit to maintain control of its local system. The deal was crucial to adjusting the city's $18 billion of debt and exiting the biggest-ever municipal bankruptcy.[96] On December 18, the Governor issued an executive order to establish theMichigan Department of Talent and Economic Development to house a new state agency, Talent Investment Agency, created from the merger of Michigan State Housing and Development Authority, the Workforce Development Agency, the Governor's Talent Investment Board and the Unemployment Insurance Agency. Over objections from the state legislature, the department would come into effect 60 days after the start of the next legislative session.[97] In November 2015, Governor Rick Snyder declared his opposition to permittingSyrian refugee relocation to the state of Michigan.[98]
In January 2017, Snyder signed an executive order prohibitingboycott of individuals or public entities fromIsrael.[99] A compilation of online surveys showed that Snyder's approval rating was below 40% in April 2018.[100] In December 2018, Snyder granted clemency to 61 Michigan prisoners.[101]
| Name | Title(s) |
|---|---|
| Nick Lyon |
|
| Nick Khouri |
|
| Roger Curtis | Director of theDepartment of Talent and Economic Development |
| Jeff Mason | CEO of the Michigan Economic Development Corporation |
| David De Vries |
|
| Maj. Gen. Gregory J. Vadnais |
|
| Heidi Grether |
|
| Jamie Clover Adams | Director of theDepartment of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) |
| Kriste Etue | Director of the Department ofState Police |
| Brian J. Whiston | Superintendent of Public Instruction |
| Heidi E. Washington | Director of theDepartment of Corrections |
| Shelly Edgerton | Director of theDepartment of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA) |
| Agustin V. Arbulu | Director of theDepartment of Civil Rights (DCR) |
| Kirk T. Steudle | Director of theDepartment of Transportation (DOT) |
| Keith Creagh | Director of theDepartment of Natural Resources (DNR) |
| Patrick M. McPharlin | Director of theDepartment of Insurance and Financial Services (DIFS) |
| James Robert Redford | Director of theVeterans Affairs Agency |
| Wanda Stokes | Director of the Michigan Talent Investment Agency |
From 2011 to 2015, Snyder appointed several individuals asEmergency Managers forFlint, Michigan. In 2014, emergency managerDarnell Earley was responsible for changing the source of drinking water for the city to theFlint River, which hastrihalomethanes (TTHM) in it.[102] It was later discovered that the water was too corrosive, and leached lead out of the service lines that was then ingested by the people of the city.[103][104] In September 2015, a study by theHurley Medical Center found that the community's children were beingpoisoned by the lead.[105] While Flint transitioned back to its prior source of water in October 2015,[106] lead levels in the city's water remain above the federal action level.[107][108] Amid allegations that the Michigan Health Department was stalling water treatment expertMarc Edwards's effort to obtain public records, journalists have asked when the State of Michigan knew about the lead poisoning.[109] Details were released by theDetroit Free Press andThe Detroit News on February 26, 2016, that Valerie Brader, Snyder's senior policy adviser and deputy legal counsel, and his chief legal counsel Mike Gadola had expressed concerns to him about Flint's water in October 2014, nearly six months after Flint had begun using the river water to save money, despite Governor Snyder claiming he was unaware of the issue until very recently.[110]
A petition from Angelo Scott Brown, a Flint pastor and former Democratic Party gubernatorial candidate, torecall Snyder was denied by the Board of State Canvassers.[111][112] Filmmaker and Flint nativeMichael Moore called for Snyder's arrest on charges of corruption and assault and launched a petition on his website.[113][114] On November 13, 2015, four families filed a federalclass action lawsuit in theU.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan in Detroit against Snyder and thirteen other city and state officials, including former Flint MayorDayne Walling and ex-emergency financial manager Darnell Earley. Thecomplaint alleges that the officials actedrecklessly andnegligently, leading to serious injuries fromlead poisoning, includingautoimmune disorders,skin lesions, and "brain fog".[115][116][117]
On December 15, 2015, Mayor Weaver declared the water issue as a citywide public health state of emergency to prompt help from state and federal officials.[118] Snyder apologized for the incident.[119][120] Snyder declared a State of Emergency on January 5, 2016, forGenesee County, Michigan. On January 16, 2016, Snyder requested that the federal government declare a state of emergency in Flint.[121] According toThe Detroit News andNPR, "...in March 2016 Snyder released a new 75-point action plan to address the contamination crisis, calling for a "much higher standard" for drinking water regulations but stopping short of advocating for complete replacement of all underground lead service lines in the city. The plan included short-, intermediate-, and long-term goals, including making infrastructure improvements; creating a data-sharing agreement with state and federal environmental agencies; and setting up a protocol for a "drinkability declaration" for Flint water."[122][123]
In mid-April 2016, Snyder initiated his own 30-Day Flint Challenge. "The plan was to drink solely Flint tap water for an entire month to show residents that the water was safe and that he cared about the people."[124] However, the Detroit Metro Times reported that the governor left town on April 23 to spend the week touring Europe for trade discussions, breaking his promise. In July 2018, Drs Hernan Gomez of the University of Michigan and Kim Dietrich of theUniversity of Cincinnati, toxicology and environmental health experts, published anOp-ed article inthe New York Times titled "The Children of Flint were not 'Poisoned." In the essay article the authors referred to the findings in a study"Toxicohistrionics": Flint, Michigan and the Lead Crisis published in the June issue ofThe Journal of Pediatrics.[125] According to their opinion and the study, there was a small increase of children whose blood lead levels surpassed the Centers for Disease Control reference level (from 2.2 percent to 3.7 percent), but none were at a level that required urgent medical treatment."[126][127]
On April 16, 2020,Vice News published an article suggesting evidence of corruption and a cover-up by Snyder and his "fixer" Rich Baird, adding that the statute of limitations on some of the most serious felony misconduct-in-office charges would expire nine days later.[128] Responses from Michigan state authorities denied that a deadline was approaching and said that criminal prosecutions would follow.[129][130] On January 12, 2021, It was announced that nine former government officials — including Snyder — would face charges resulting from the Flint water crisis.[131][132] Snyder was charged with two misdemeanors of willful neglect, but he pleaded not guilty to the charges.[13][12][133] Following its practice of paying the legal costs for state employees charged with a criminal offense, the administrative board of Michigan approved a contract worth up to $1.45 million with theWarner Norcross & Judd law corporation to defend Snyder.[134] The charges against Snyder were ultimately dismissed in December 2023.[135]
Just before leaving the governor's office, Snyder formed a new Ann Arbor–based company called RPAction LLC whose staff consists of former officials of the Snyder administration.[136] On June 29, 2019, Snyder accepted a soon-to-be appointment at Harvard to share his knowledge of state and local government.[137] On July 3, he tweeted that he was "turning down" the offer: "It would have been exciting to share my experiences, both positive and negative; our current political environment and its lack of civility makes this too disruptive. I wish them the best."[138] Snyder endorsedDemocratJoe Biden during the2020 United States presidential election, alleging that "President Trump lacks a moral compass. He ignores the truth" and that the president "also demonstrated that he does not fully appreciate policy matters, including public health, the economy and foreign relations, nor does he seem to want to learn."[139]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Rick Snyder | 381,327 | 36.4 | |
| Republican | Pete Hoekstra | 280,976 | 26.8 | |
| Republican | Mike Cox | 240,409 | 23.0 | |
| Republican | Mike Bouchard | 127,350 | 12.2 | |
| Republican | Tom George | 16,986 | 2.0 | |
| Total votes | 1,044,925 | 100 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Rick Snyder | 1,874,834 | 58.11% | +15.81% | |
| Democratic | Virg Bernero | 1,287,320 | 39.90% | −16.46% | |
| Libertarian | Ken Proctor | 22,390 | 0.69% | +0.08% | |
| Constitution | Stacey Mathia | 20,818 | 0.65% | +0.46% | |
| Green | Harley Mikkelson | 20,699 | 0.64% | +0.12% | |
| Majority | 587,514 | 18.21% | +4.15% | ||
| Turnout | 3,226,088 | ||||
| Republicangain fromDemocratic | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Rick Snyder (incumbent) | 1,607,399 | 50.92% | −7.19% | |
| Democratic | Mark Schauer | 1,479,057 | 46.86% | +6.96% | |
| Libertarian | Mary Buzuma | 35,723 | 1.13% | +0.44% | |
| Constitution | Mark McFarlin | 19,368 | 0.61% | −0.04% | |
| Green | Paul Homeniuk | 14,934 | 0.47% | −0.17% | |
| Write-ins | 50 | 0.00% | 0.00% | ||
| Majority | 128,342 | 4.06% | −14.15% | ||
| Turnout | 3,156,531 | −2.16% | |||
| Republicanhold | Swing | ||||
hung out his 'shingle' here in the fall of 1878, immediately after his graduation from the Bennett Medical College in Chicago.
Defendants' conduct in exposing Flint residents to toxic water was so egregious and so outrageous that it shocks the conscience.
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Republican nominee forGovernor of Michigan 2010,2014 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Governor of Michigan 2011–2019 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial) | ||
| Preceded byas Former Governor | Order of precedence of the United States Within Michigan | Succeeded byas Former Governor |
| Order of precedence of the United States Outside Michigan | Succeeded byas Former Governor | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
