Naturally occurringrhenium (75 Re) is 37.4%185 Re, which isstable (although it ispredicted to decay ), and 62.6%187 Re, which isunstable but has a very longhalf-life (4.12×1010 years).[ 4] Among elements with a known stable isotope, onlyindium andtellurium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope.
There are 36 other unstable isotopes recognized, the longest-lived of which are183 Re with a half-life of 70 days,184 Re with a half-life of 38 days,186 Re with a half-life of 3.7186 days,182 Re with a half-life of 64.0 hours, and189 Re with a half-life of 24.3 hours. There are also numerousisomers , the longest-lived of which are186m Re with a half-life of 200,000 years and184m Re with a half-life of 177.25 days.[ 5] All others have half-lives less than a day.
Nuclide[ n 1] Z N Isotopic mass (Da ) [ n 2] [ n 3] Half-life [ n 4] [ n 5] Decay mode [ n 6] Daughter isotope [ n 7] [ n 8] Spin andparity [ n 9] [ n 5] Natural abundance (mole fraction) Excitation energy[ n 5] Normal proportion Range of variation 159 Re[ 6] 75 84 21(4) μs p (92.5%)158 W(11/2−) α (7.5%)155 Ta160 Re[ 7] 75 85 159.98212(43)# 611(7) μs p (89%) 159 W(2−) α (11%) 156 Ta160m Re[ 8] 185(21)# keV 2.8(1) μs IT 160 Re(9+) 161 Re75 86 160.97759(22) 0.37(4) ms p 160 W1/2+ 161m Re123.8(13) keV 15.6(9) ms α 157 Ta11/2− 162 Re75 87 161.97600(22)# 107(13) ms α (94%) 158 Ta(2−) β+ (6%)162 W162m Re173(10) keV 77(9) ms α (91%) 158 Ta(9+) β+ (9%) 162 W163 Re75 88 162.972081(21) 390(70) ms β+ (68%) 163 W(1/2+) α (32%) 159 Ta163m Re115(4) keV 214(5) ms α (66%) 159 Ta(11/2−) β+ (34%) 163 W164 Re75 89 163.97032(17)# 0.53(23) s α (58%) 160 Tahigh β+ (42%) 164 W164m Re120(120)# keV 530(230) ms (2#)− 165 Re75 90 164.967089(30) 1# s β+ 165 W1/2+# α 161 Ta165m Re47(26) keV 2.1(3) s β+ (87%) 165 W11/2−# α (13%) 161 Ta166 Re75 91 165.96581(9)# 2# s β+ 166 W2−# α 162 Ta167 Re75 92 166.96260(6)# 3.4(4) s α 163 Ta9/2−# β+ 167 W167m Re130(40)# keV 5.9(3) s β+ (99.3%) 167 W1/2+# α (.7%) 163 Ta168 Re75 93 167.96157(3) 4.4(1) s β+ (99.99%) 168 W(5+, 6+, 7+) α (.005%) 164 Ta168m Renon-exist 6.6(15) s 169 Re75 94 168.95879(3) 8.1(5) s β+ (99.99%) 169 W9/2−# α (.005%) 165 Ta169m Re145(29) keV 15.1(15) s β+ (99.8%) 169 W1/2+# α (.2%) 164 Ta170 Re75 95 169.958220(28) 9.2(2) s β+ (99.99%) 170 W(5+) α (.01%) 166 Ta171 Re75 96 170.95572(3) 15.2(4) s β+ 171 W(9/2−) 172 Re75 97 171.95542(6) 15(3) s β+ 172 W(5) 172m Re0(100)# keV 55(5) s β+ 172 W(2) 173 Re75 98 172.95324(3) 1.98(26) min β+ 173 W(5/2−) 174 Re75 99 173.95312(3) 2.40(4) min β+ 174 W175 Re75 100 174.95138(3) 5.89(5) min β+ 175 W(5/2−) 176 Re75 101 175.95162(3) 5.3(3) min β+ 176 W3+ 177 Re75 102 176.95033(3) 14(1) min β+ 177 W5/2− 177m Re84.71(10) keV 50(10) μs 5/2+ 178 Re75 103 177.95099(3) 13.2(2) min β+ 178 W(3+) 179 Re75 104 178.949988(26) 19.5(1) min β+ 179 W(5/2)+ 179m1 Re65.39(9) keV 95(25) μs (5/2−) 179m2 Re1684.59(14)+Y keV >0.4 μs (23/2+) 180 Re75 105 179.950789(23) 2.44(6) min β+ 180 W(1)− 181 Re75 106 180.950068(14) 19.9(7) h β+ 181 W5/2+ 182 Re75 107 181.95121(11) 64.0(5) h β+ 182 W7+ 182m1 Re60(100) keV 12.7(2) h β+ 182 W2+ 182m2 Re235.736(10)+X keV 585(21) ns 2− 182m3 Re461.3(1)+X keV 0.78(9) μs (4−) 183 Re75 108 182.950820(9) 70.0(14) d EC 183 W5/2+ 183m Re1907.6(3) keV 1.04(4) ms IT 183 Re(25/2+) 184 Re75 109 183.952521(5) 35.4(7) d[ 5] β+ 184 W3(−) 184m Re188.01(4) keV 177.25(7) d[ 5] IT (75.4%) 184 Re8(+) β+ (24.6%) 184 W185 Re75 110 184.9529550(13) Observationally Stable [ n 10] 5/2+ 0.3740(2) 185m Re2124(2) keV 123(23) ns (21/2) 186 Re75 111 185.9549861(13) 3.7186(5) d β− (93.1%) 186 Os1− EC (6.9%) 186 W186m Re149(7) keV 2.0(5)×105 y IT[ n 11] 186 Re(8+) 187 Re[ n 12] [ n 13] 75 112 186.9557531(15) 4.12(2)×1010 y [ n 14] β− [ n 15] 187 Os5/2+ 0.6260(2) 188 Re75 113 187.9581144(15) 17.0040(22) h β− 188 Os1− 188m Re172.069(9) keV 18.59(4) min IT 188 Re(6)− 189 Re75 114 188.959229(9) 24.3(4) h β− 189 Os5/2+ 190 Re75 115 189.96182(16) 3.1(3) min β− 190 Os(2)− 190m Re210(50) keV 3.2(2) h β− (54.4%) 190 Os(6−) IT (45.6%) 190 Re191 Re75 116 190.963125(11) 9.8(5) min β− 191 Os(3/2+, 1/2+) 192 Re75 117 191.96596(21)# 16(1) s β− 192 Os193 Re75 118 192.96747(21)# 30# s [>300 ns] 5/2+# 194 Re75 119 193.97042(32)# 2# s [>300 ns] This table header & footer:
^ m Re – Excitednuclear isomer .^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS). ^ Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer thanage of universe .^a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). ^ Modes of decay: ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to181 Ta ^ Theoretically capable of β− decay to186 Os[ 1] [ 9] ^ primordial radionuclide ^ Used inrhenium–osmium dating ^ Can undergoBound-state β− decay with a half-life of 32.9 years when fullyionized ^ Theorized to also undergo α decay to183 Ta This section
needs expansion with: Usage in medicine, ATC=V10. You can help by
adding to it .
(October 2019 )
Rhenium-186 is a beta emitter andradiopharmaceutical that is used to treatglioblastoma ,[ 10] is used intheranostic medicine [ 11] and has been reported to be used in synoviorthesis.[ 12]
^a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) .Chinese Physics C .45 (3): 030001.doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae . ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhenium" .CIAAW . 1973.^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" .Pure and Applied Chemistry .doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 .ISSN 1365-3075 . ^ Bosch, F.; Faestermann, T.; Friese, J.; et al. (1996). "Observation of bound-stateβ − decay of fully ionized187 Re:187 Re-187 Os Cosmochronometry".Physical Review Letters .77 (26):5190– 5193.Bibcode :1996PhRvL..77.5190B .doi :10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.5190 .PMID 10062738 . ^a b c Janiak, Ł.; Gierlik, M.; R. Prokopowicz, G. Madejowski; Wronka, S.; Rzadkiewicz, J.; Carroll, J. J.; Chiara, C. J. (2022). "Half-life of the 188-keV isomer of184 Re".Physical Review C .106 (44303): 044303.Bibcode :2022PhRvC.106d4303J .doi :10.1103/PhysRevC.106.044303 .S2CID 252792730 . ^ Page, R. D.; Bianco, L.; Darby, I. G.; Uusitalo, J.; Joss, D. T.; Grahn, T.; Herzberg, R.-D.; Pakarinen, J.; Thomson, J.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nyman, M.; Rahkila, P.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Steer, A.; Hornillos, M. B. Gómez; Al-Khalili, J. S.; Cannon, A. J.; Stevenson, P. D.; Ertürk, S.; Gall, B.; Hadinia, B.; Venhart, M.; Simpson, J. (26 June 2007)."α decay of Re 159 and proton emission from Ta 155" .Physical Review C .75 (6): 061302.Bibcode :2007PhRvC..75f1302P .doi :10.1103/PhysRevC.75.061302 .ISSN 0556-2813 . Retrieved12 June 2023 . ^ Darby, I. G.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Bianco, L.; Grahn, T.; Judson, D. S.; Simpson, J.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nyman, M.; Rahkila, P.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Steer, A. N.; Uusitalo, J.; Venhart, M.; Ertürk, S.; Gall, B.; Hadinia, B. (20 June 2011)."Precision measurements of proton emission from the ground states of Ta 156 and Re 160" .Physical Review C .83 (6): 064320.Bibcode :2011PhRvC..83f4320D .doi :10.1103/PhysRevC.83.064320 .ISSN 0556-2813 . Retrieved21 June 2023 . ^ Darby, I. G.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Simpson, J.; Bianco, L.; Cooper, R. J.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Ertürk, S.; Gall, B.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hadinia, B.; Jones, P. M.; Judson, D. S.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A. -P.; Nyman, M.; Rahkila, P.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Steer, A. N.; Uusitalo, J.; Venhart, M. (10 January 2011)."Decay of the high-spin isomer in 160Re: Changing single-particle structure beyond the proton drip line" .Physics Letters B .695 (1):78– 81.Bibcode :2011PhLB..695...78D .doi :10.1016/j.physletb.2010.10.052 .ISSN 0370-2693 . ^ https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/ensnds/186/Re/adopted.pdf , NNDC Chart of Nuclides, Adopted Levels for186 Re.^ "Rhenium-186 liposomes as convection-enhanced nanoparticle brachytherapy for treatment of glioblastoma" .academic.oup.com . Retrieved2024-12-07 .^ Mastren, Tara; Radchenko, Valery; Bach, Hong T.; Balkin, Ethan R.; Birnbaum, Eva R.; Brugh, Mark; Engle, Jonathan W.; Gott, Matthew D.; Guthrie, James; Hennkens, Heather M.; John, Kevin D.; Ketring, Alan R.; Kuchuk, Marina; Maassen, Joel R.; Naranjo, Cleo M.; Nortier, F. Meiring; Phelps, Tim E.; Jurisson, Silvia S.; Wilbur, D. Scott; Fassbender, Michael E. (2017)."Bulk production and evaluation of high specific activity 186gRe for cancer therapy using enriched 186WO3 targets in a proton beam" .Nuclear Medicine and Biology .49 . Elsevier BV:24– 29.doi :10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.02.006 .ISSN 0969-8051 . ^ "Radiosynoviorthese (RSO) mit Rhenium-186 (Re-186)-Sulfid" (PDF) . Retrieved2024-12-07 .Isotope masses from: Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised" .International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry . 19 October 2005.Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" ,Nuclear Physics A ,729 :3– 128,Bibcode :2003NuPhA.729....3A ,doi :10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 National Nuclear Data Center ."NuDat 2.x database" .Brookhaven National Laboratory .Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida :CRC Press .ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9 .
Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Period Hydrogen and alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Pnictogens Chalcogens Halogens Noble gases ① 1 2 ② 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ③ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ④ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ⑤ 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 ⑥ 55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 ⑦ 87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 ⑧ 119 120 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102