Ryn | |
|---|---|
 Ryn Castle and Lake Ryn | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Ryn | |
| Coordinates:53°56′16″N21°32′53″E / 53.93778°N 21.54806°E /53.93778; 21.54806 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Giżycko |
| Gmina | Ryn |
| Area | |
• Total | 4.09 km2 (1.58 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 3,006 |
| • Density | 735/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 11-520 |
| Vehicle registration | NGI |
| Website | http://www.miastoryn.pl/ |
Ryn[rɨn] (German:Rhein) is atown in northeasternPoland[1] located 19 km (12 mi) southwest ofGiżycko, in theWarmian-Masurian Voivodeship, inMasuria. It had a population of 3,062 inhabitants as of December 31, 2004.
Ryn is located betweenLake Ryn [pl] andLake Ołów [pl]. Among the notable landmarks of the town are a formerOrdensburg castle of theTeutonic Knights (erected ca. 1337) and a 19th-centuryDutchwindmill. Below the castle in the center of the town, a subterranean channel connects the Matussek pond, a shoaled bay of Lake Ołów, with Lake Ryn and the pond of a mill built by the Teutonic Knights.
Grand MasterWinrich von Kniprode of theTeutonic Knights built a fortress on the site of a formerOld Prussian fortification in 1337. A settlement near the castle was first mentioned in documents in 1405. It was known asRyne after theRhine River, and was included within thekomturship ofBalga. Ryne later became known inStandard German asRhein and in Polish asRyn. Since the 15th century the population was mostlyPolish.[2]
After the outbreak of theThirteen Years’ War the castle was captured by thePrussian Confederation, at the request of which in 1454 KingCasimir IV Jagiellon signed the act of incorporation of the region to theKingdom of Poland.[2][3] Later on, it was captured by the Teutonic Knights and was repeatedly besieged by the Confederation troops.[2] After theSecond Peace of Toruń in 1466 it became part of Poland as afief held by theMonastic State of the Teutonic Knights.[4]
TheKomtur Haus zur Ryne was established in 1393, after which Rhein was the seat of a Komtur first until 1422; the Komturship was re-established in 1468, following theSecond Peace of Toruń. From 1466 The first Komtur of Rhein wasFriedrich von Wallenrode [de], brother ofTeutonic Grand MasterKonrad von Wallenrode, while the best-known one wasRudolf von Tippelskirch, who was also involved in thecolonisation ofPrussia. After thesecularisation of the State of the Teutonic Order Rhein was part of theDuchy of Prussia, a vassal state of Poland, in 1525, an "Amtshauptmann" office was established in Rhein, which remained in use until 1775. In the 16th century the town's and district's population was almost entirely Polish.[2]
DuringTatar attacks inMasuria, the village was burned down on 7 February 1657, and many inhabitants were kidnapped. In 1657,Brandenburg gained full suzerainty over the Duchy of Prussia from Poland.
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In 1701 Rhein became part of theKingdom of Prussia. Between 1709–1711, it suffered fromplague. Despite these setbacks, KingFrederick William I of Prussia granted the town itstown charter in 1723. The decisive reason for this was the role of Rhein as an administration center for a larger rural area. At that time church services were held only in Polish.
During theNapoleonic Wars, soldiers took up quarters in Rhein. The development of the town largely stagnated during the 19th and 20th centuries. It was not until 1902 that Rhein received arailroad connection, though it was only a one-track link of a light railway with anarrow gauge. Additionally, the castle was bought and converted into a prison in 1853, and suffered a fire in 1881, after which it was not fully rebuilt until thirty years later.
Rhein was administered byLandkreis Lötzen withinEast Prussia from 1818–1945. The town became part of theGerman Empire after theunification of Germany by Prussia in 1871. As a result of theTreaty of Versailles the1920 East Prussian plebiscite was organized on 11 July 1920 under the control of theLeague of Nations, which resulted in 1,460 votes to remain in Germany and none for Poland.[5] A Nazi German prison was located in the town.[6] After Germany's defeat inWorld War II, the town once again became part of Poland due to the borders changes dictated by thePotsdam Agreement.
The localfootball club is Pogoń Ryn.[7] It competes in the lower leagues.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)| Town and seat | | |
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