| Revised Penal Code | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Philippine Legislature | |
| |
| Citation | Act No. 3815 |
| Territorial extent | Philippines |
| Enacted by | Governor-General of the Philippines with the advice and consent of thePhilippine Legislature |
| Enacted | December 8, 1930 |
| Signed | December 8, 1930 |
| Commenced | January 1, 1932 |
| Amended by | |
| Presidential Decree No. 1602 (Gambling) Presidential Decree No. 1613 (Arson) Presidential Decree No. 1744 (Arson) | |
| Keywords | |
| Criminal law | |
| Status: Amended | |
TheRevised Penal Code contains thegeneral penal laws of the Philippines. First enacted in 1930, it remains in effect today, despite several amendments thereto. It does not comprise a comprehensive compendium of all Philippine penal laws. The Revised Penal Code itself was enacted asAct No. 3815, and some Philippine criminal laws have been enacted outside of the Revised Penal Code as separate Republic Acts.
The Revised Penal Code supplanted the1870 SpanishCódigo Penal, which was in force in the Philippines (then an overseas province of theSpanish Empire up to 1898) from 1886 to 1930, after an allegedly uneven implementation in 1877. The new Code was drafted by a committee created in 1927, and headed by JudgeAnacleto Díaz, who would later serve on theSupreme Court. Rather than engage in a wholesale codification of all penal laws in the Philippines, the committee instead revised the old Penal Code and included all other penal laws only insofar as they related to the Penal Code.
The Revised Penal Code criminalizes a whole class of acts that are generally accepted as criminal, such as the taking of a life whether throughmurder orhomicide,rape,robberytheft, andtreason. The Code also penalizes other acts that are considered criminal in the Philippines, such asadultery,concubinage, andabortion. It expressly defines the elements that each crime comprises, and the existence of all these elements has to be proven beyond reasonable doubt in order to secure a conviction.
Not all crimes in the Philippines are penalized under the Code; certain crimes, such as theillegal possession of firearms, are penalized under special legislation contained inRepublic Acts. The most notable crimes now excluded from the Revised Penal Code are those concerningillegal drug use or trafficking, which are penalized instead under theDangerous Drugs Act of 1972 and later theComprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.[1][2]
One distinct aspect of the Revised Penal Code centers on its classification ofaggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances, the appreciation of which affects the gradation ofpenalties. Penalties under the Revised Penal Code are generally divided into three periods – the minimum period, the medium period, and the maximum period. In addition to establishing the elements of the crime, the prosecution may also establish the presence of aggravating circumstances in order to set the penalty at the maximum period, or mitigating circumstances to reduce the penalty to its minimum period. The presence of both aggravating and mitigating circumstance, or the absence of such circumstances, may result in the imposition of the penalty in its medium period.[3]
Several provisions of the Revised Penal Code have also been amended throughRepublic Acts. One of the more consequential amendments came in 1997, with the passage of Republic Act No. 8353, theAnti-Rape Law of 1997.[4] Prior to the 1997 amendments,rape had been classified as a crime againstchastity and was defined as "having carnal knowledge of a woman" under enumerated circumstances that indicated lack of consent.[3] Under the amendments, rape was reclassified as a crime against persons. The definition was further expanded from mere "carnal knowledge of a woman" and now included "an act of sexual assault by inserting his penis into other person's mouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person." Additional circumstances by which the victim would be deemed incapable of giving valid consent were also integrated into this new definition of rape.[4]
With theabolition of the death penalty in 2006, the highest penalty currently possible under the Revised Penal Code isreclusión perpetua, which ranges from 20 years and 1 day to 40 years' imprisonment.[3][5][6] The penalty oflife imprisonment is not provided for in the Revised Penal Code, although it is imposed by other penal statutes such as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act.[2]
Republic Act 10951, signed by presidentRodrigo Duterte in 2017, updated the fines and penalties to the law. Previously, the law mandated fines ranging from five to 100,000 pesos; the new law updated the fines, ranging from 1,000 pesos for other coercions andunjust vexations, up to 4 million for treason. The law also amends the length of incarceration for malversation of public funds.[7]
It states that the law shall be known as the "Revised Penal Code."
A preliminary article states when it takes effect (on January 1, 1932), and where the law can be enforced, which includes thePhilippine archipelago, and on a Philippine ship or airship, among others.
Chapter One defines what afelony is, which are acts and omissions punishable by law, either by means of deceit, or by fault. It defines who is criminally liable, whether a felony is consummated, frustrated or attempted, when conspiracy and proposal to commit felonies are punishable, which felonies are light, less grave and grave.
The succeeding chapters list which circumstances justify, exempt, mitigate and aggravate criminal liability.
This title discusses who are the persons liable. These include the principals, accomplices and the accessories, with the latter classification not used for light felonies.
All penalties relating to death are commuted toreclusión perpetua.
| Name | Type | Entire length | Minimum length | Medium length | Maximum length | Accessory penalties | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death | Capital | Not applied; commuted toreclusión perpetua. | Perpetual absolute disqualification and that of civil interdiction during thirty years following the date of sentence | ||||
| Reclusión perpetua | Afflictive | 20 years and 1 day to 40 years[8] | Civil interdiction for life or during the period of the sentence as the case may be, and perpetual absolute disqualification | ||||
| Reclusión temporal | 12 years and one day to 20 years | 12 years and one day to 14 years and 8 months | 14 years and 8 months to 17 years and 4 months | 17 years 4 months and 1 day to 20 years | |||
| Prisión mayor | 6 years and one day to 12 years | 6 years and 1 day to 8 years | 8 years and 1 day to 10 years | 10 years and 1 day to 12 years |
| ||
| Prisión correccional | Correctional | 6 months and one day to 6 years | 6 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months | 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months | 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years | Suspension from public office, from the right to follow a profession or calling, and that of perpetual special disqualification from the right of suffrage, if the duration of said imprisonment shall exceed eighteen months. | |
| Suspension | If suspension is imposed, 6 years | ||||||
| Destierro | Any person sentenced to destierro shall not be permitted to enter the place or places designated in the sentence, nor within the radius therein specified, which shall be not more than 250 and not less than 25 kilometers from the place designated. | ||||||
| Arresto mayor | 1 month and 1 day to 6 months | 1 month to 2 months | 2 months and 1 day to 4 months | 4 months and 1 day to 6 months | Suspension of the right to hold office and the right of suffrage during the term of the sentence | ||
| Arresto menor | Light | 1 day to 30 days | 1 day to 10 days | 11 days to 20 days | 21 days to 30 days | ||
This discusses when criminal liability is extinguished. These include by death of the convict, service of the sentence, byamnesty, and by absolutepardon, among others.
This discusses when crimes can no longer be prosecuted, from the time the crime is discovered by the offended party, the authorities, or their agents.
| Penalty | Length of time |
|---|---|
| Death,reclusión perpetua orreclusión temporal | 20 years |
| Correctional penalty, exceptarresto mayor | 10 years |
| Arresto mayor | 5 years |
| Libel and other similar offenses | 1 year |
| Oral defamation and slander | 6 months |
| Light offenses | 2 months |
The law states that "every person criminally liable for a felony is also civilly liable."
The code classifies crimes into different titles, each divided to one or more chapters, all of these in Book Two of the code.[9]
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Treason | ₱4,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Conspiracy to commit treason | ₱2,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Proposal to commit treason | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Espionage | If a public officer | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals | If a public officer | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If a private individual | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Violation ofneutrality | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Correspondence with hostile country | If prohibited by the government | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If correspondence was carried on in ciphers or conventional signs | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If information given might be useful to the enemy | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If information given might be useful to the enemy, and offender intended to aid the enemy | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Flight to enemy country | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Piracy in general andmutiny on the high seas | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Qualified piracy | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Arbitrarydetention | Detention has not exceeded three days | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Detention is more than three days, but less than 15 days | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Detention is more than 15 days, but less than six months | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Detention has exceeded more than six months | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper judicial authorities. | Same as above penalties forarbitrary detention. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Delaying release | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expulsion | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Violation of domicile | If committed at night-time, or if any papers or effects not constituting evidence of a crime be not returned immediately after the search made by the offender | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Search warrants maliciously obtained and abuse in the service of those legally obtained | ₱200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Searching domicile without witnesses | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Prohibition, interruption and dissolution of peaceful meetings | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interruption of religious worship | If committed with violence or threats | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Offending the religious feelings | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Rebellion or insurrection | Offender promotes, maintains, or heads | ₱20,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| Offender merely participating or executing the commands of others | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Coup d'etat | Offender leads or in any manner directs or commands others | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If a public officer participates, or executes directions or commands of others | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If not a public officer, and participates, or executes directions or commands of others | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup d'etat | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Conspiracy and proposal to commit rebellion | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Conspiracy and proposal to commit insurrection | ₱400,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Disloyalty of public officers or employees | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Inciting a rebellion or insurrection | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sedition | If leader | ₱2,000,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| Other participants | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Conspiracy to commit sedition | ₱400,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Inciting to sedition | ₱400,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Act tending to prevent the meeting ofthe Assembly and similar bodies | ₱40,000 to ₱400,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Disturbance of proceedings | ₱200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Violation ofparliamentary immunity | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Illegal assemblies | If leader | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If present | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If present, and armed | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Illegal associations | If founders, directors, and presidents | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If members | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Direct assaults | If assault is committed with a weapon, or against a person of authority | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Indirect assaults | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Disobedience to summons | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Resistance and disobedience to a person in authority | Resist or seriously disobey | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| Not of a serious nature | ₱2,000 to ₱20,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Tumultuous disturbance or interruption liable to cause disturbance | If serious disturbance | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If serious disturbance is of tumultuous character | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If offender make any outcry tending to incite rebellion or sedition or in such place shall display placards or emblems | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If offender buries with pomp the body of a person who has been legally executed | ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Unlawful use of means of publication and unlawful utterances | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Alarms and scandals | ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Delivery of prisoners from jails | If offender removes from any jail or penal establishment any person confined therein or shall help the escape of such person, by means of violence, intimidation, or bribery | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If by other means | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Evasion of service of sentence | If convict escaped | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If convict was unlawfully done | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If convict violated conditions ofpardon | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Counterfeiting the great seal of the Government of the Philippine Islands, forging the signature or stamp of the Chief Executive | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Using forged signature or counterfeit seal or stamp | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Making and importing and uttering false coins | Ifcoinage of the Philippines | ₱400,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If counterfeit is from a foreign country | ₱200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Mutilation of coins | With connivance | ₱400,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| Without connivance | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Forging treasury or bank notes on other documents payable to bearer; importing, and uttering such false or forged notes and documents | if the document is an obligation or security of the Philippines | ₱2,000,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| if the document is an obligation or security of a banking institution | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| if the document is an obligation or security of a foreign government | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| if the document is an obligation or security of a foreign bank | ₱400,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Counterfeiting, importing and uttering instruments not payable to bearer | ₱1,200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Falsification of legislative documents | ₱1,200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Falsification by private individual and use of falsified documents | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and telephone messages | Creation of dispatch | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Usage of dispatch | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| False medical certificates, false certificates of merits or service, etc. | If physician or surgeon, or if a public officer | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If a private individual | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Usage of certificates | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing and possession of instruments or implements for falsification | Making or introduction | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| Usage | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Usingfictitious name and concealing true name. | If offender publicly use a fictitious name for the purpose of concealing a crime, evading the execution of a judgment or causing damage | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If offender conceals his true name and other personal circumstances | ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Illegal use of uniforms or insignia | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| False testimony against a defendant | If the defendant was sentenced to death | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| if the defendant shall have been sentenced toreclusión temporal orreclusión perpetua | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If the defendant shall have been sentenced to any other afflictive penalty | ₱200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If the defendant shall have been sentenced to a correctional penalty or a fine, or shall have been acquitted | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| False testimony favorable to the defendants | If the prosecution is for a felony punishable by an afflictive penalty | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| Any other case | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| False testimony in civil cases | If amount is more than one million pesos | ₱1,000,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If amount is less than one million pesos or cannot be estimated | ₱200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| False testimony in other cases and perjury in solemn affirmation | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Offering false testimony in evidence | Depends on the penalties for any of the false testimony crimes. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Machinations in public auctions | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade | If affects any food substance, motor fuel or lubricants, or other articles of prime necessity | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If other products or service | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Importation and disposition of falsely marked articles or merchandise made of metals | ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Subsisting and altering trade-mark, trade-names, or service marks | ₱50 to ₱2,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Unfair competition, fraudulent registration of trade-mark, trade-name or service mark, fraudulent designation of origin, and false description | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
Repealed byComprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
Articles 195 to 199, which covergambling, have been repealed by Presidential Decree 1602 as amended by Republic Act 9287.
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Gravescandal[a] | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Immoral doctrines, obscene publications and exhibitions and indecent shows | ₱20,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Prostitution | If recidivist | ₱20,000 to ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | ₱20,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
For purposes of this section, and elsewhere when cited, a public officer is a anyone who takes part in public functions of thegovernment of the Philippines.
Other crimes committed by public officers are included in the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, and other laws.
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Suspension or disqualification | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | ||||||
| Knowingly rendering unjust judgment | Perpetual absolute disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Judgment rendered through negligence | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unjustinterlocutory order | All other cases | Suspension | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If offender have acted by reason of inexcusable negligence or ignorance, and order was manifestly unjust | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Malicious delay in the administration of justice | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Prosecution of offenses; negligence and tolerance | Suspension | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Betrayal of trust by an attorney or solicitor, or revelation of secrets | ₱40,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Directbribery | Agrees to perform the crime in connection with his duties, in consideration with an offer | Not less than the value of the gift and not more than three times such value | Special temporary disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If the gift was accepted by the officer in consideration of the execution of an act which does not constitute a crime, and the officer executed said act | Not less than the value of the gift and not more than twice such value | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If the gift was accepted by the officer in consideration of the execution of an act which does not constitute a crime, and the officer did not execute said act | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| If the object for which the gift was received or promised was to make the public officer refrain from doing something which it was his official duty to do | Not less than the value of the gift and not more than three times such value | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Indirect bribery[a] | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Frauds against the public treasury and similar offenses | ₱40,000 to ₱2,000,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other frauds | Temporary special disqualification in its maximum period to perpetual special disqualification | |||||||||||||||||||
| Prohibited transactions | ₱40,000 to ₱2,000,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Possession of prohibited interest by a public officer | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Malversation of public funds or property | If value is less than 40,000 pesos | Equal to the amount of the funds malversed or equal to the total value of the property embezzled | Perpetual special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 40,000 pesos and less than 1,200,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 1,200,000 pesos and less than 2,400,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 2,400,000 pesos and less than 4,400,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 4,400,000 pesos and less than 8,800,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 8,800,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Failure of accountable officer to render accounts | ₱40,000 to ₱1,200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Failure of a responsible public officer to render accounts before leaving the country | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000 | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Failure to make delivery of public funds or property | 5% to 25% of the sum that was not delivered | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Conniving with or consenting to evasion of prisoners | If the fugitive shall have been sentenced by final judgment to any penalty | Temporary special disqualification in its maximum period to perpetual special disqualification | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If the fugitive shall not have been finally convicted but only held as a detention prisoner | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Evasion of prisoners through negligence | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Escape of prisoner under the custody of a person not a public officer | Same as the evasion of prisoners for public officers, only that it is one degree lower. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Removal, concealment or destruction of documents | When serious damage is caused | ₱200,000 | Temporary special disqualification in its maximum period to perpetual disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| When damage is not serious | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Officer breaking seal | ₱400,000 | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Opening of closed documents | ₱400,000 | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Revelation of secrets by an officer | When serious damage is caused | ₱400,000 | Perpetual special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| When damage is not serious | ₱100,000 | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Public officer revealing secrets of private individual | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Open disobedience to a judgment | ₱200,000 | Temporary special disqualification in its maximum period | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Disobedience to order of superior officers, when said order was suspended by inferior officer | Perpetual special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Refusal of assistance of a public officer | When serious damage is caused | ₱200,000 | Perpetual special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| When damage is not serious | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Refusal to discharge elective office | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Maltreatment of prisoners | If the purpose of the maltreatment is to extort a confession, or to obtain some information from the prisoner | ₱100,000 | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Anticipation of duties of a public office | ₱100,000 | Suspension | ||||||||||||||||||
| Prolonging performance of duties and powers of a public officer | ₱100,000 | Special temporary disqualification in its minimum period | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Abandonment of office or position of a public officer | If abandoned top evade discharge of the duties preventing, prosecuting or punishing any of the crime | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Usurpation of legislative powers | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Usurpation of executive functions | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Usurpation of judicial functions | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Disobeying request for disqualification | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Orders or requests by executive officers to any judicial authority | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unlawful appointments | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Abuses against chastity by public officers | If against the wife, daughter, sister of relative within the same degree by affinity of any person in the custody of such warden or officer, | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Parricide | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Murder | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Homicide | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Frustrated parricide, murder or homicide | Same as respective punishments, only that it is one degree lower. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Death caused in a tumultuousaffray | If it cannot be ascertained who actually killed the deceased, but the person or persons who inflicted serious physical injuries can be identified | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If it cannot be determined who inflicted the serious physical injuries | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical injuries inflicted in a tumultuous affray | If serious physical injuries are inflicted upon the participants thereof and the person responsible thereof cannot be identified | Same as respective punishments, only that it is one degree lower. | |||||||||||||||||
| When the physical injuries inflicted are of a less serious nature and the person responsible therefore cannot be identified | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Giving assistance to suicide | If person successfully kills oneself | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If a person merely assisted | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If person failed in killing oneself | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Discharge of firearms | Unless it is an attempted or frustrated parricide, murder or homicide | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Infanticide | If committed by mother of the child for the purpose of concealing her dishonor | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If committed by maternal grandparents | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Same as parricide or murder | ||||||||||||||||||
| Abortion | If violence upon the person of the pregnant woman was done | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If without violence upon and without the consent of the woman | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If the woman consented | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unintentional abortion | If violence was done | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Abortion practiced by the woman herself of by her parents | If practiced upon herself or consent to another person | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If practiced upon herself to conceal dishonor | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If practiced by her parents for concealing her dishonor | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Abortion practiced by a physician or midwife and dispensing of abortives | If violence upon the person of the pregnant woman was done | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If without violence upon and without the consent of the woman | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If the woman consented | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If pharmacist who, without the proper prescription from a physician shall dispense any abortive | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Dueling | If adversary was killed | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If no physical injuries inflicted | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Challenging to a duel | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mutilation | If victim was deprived either totally or partially, or some essential organ of reproduction. | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Serious physical injuries | If the injured person shall become insane, imbecile, impotent, or blind | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If person injured shall have lost the use of speech or the power to hear or to smell, or shall have lost an eye, a hand, a foot, an arm, or a leg or shall have lost the use of any such member, or shall have become incapacitated for the work | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If the person injured shall have become deformed, or shall have lost any other part of his body, or shall have lost the use thereof, or shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance of the work | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If the physical injuries inflicted shall have caused the illness or incapacity for labor of the injured person for more than thirty days | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Administering injurious substances or beverages | Same as serious physical injuries. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Less serious physical injuries | If the physical injuries inflicted shall have caused the illness or incapacity for labor of the injured person for 10 days or more | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If manifest intent to insult or offend the injured person, or under circumstances adding ignominy to the offense | ₱50,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Inflicted upon the offender's parents, ascendants, guardians, curators, teachers, or persons of rank, or persons in authority | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Slight physical injuries and maltreatment | If the offender has inflicted physical injuries which shall incapacitate the offended party for labor from one to nine days, or shall require medical attendance | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If it caused physical injuries which do not prevent the offended party from engaging in his habitual work nor require medical assistance[a] | ₱40,000 | Yes, or fine. | |||||||||||||||||
| If the offender shall ill-treat another by deed without causing any injury | Yes, or fine | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rape, when offender has carnal knowledge of a woman | All other cases | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If done with a deadly weapon | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If victim became insane | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If rape is attempted and homicide is committed | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If rape and homicide is committed | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When the victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a parent, ascendant, step-parent, guardian, relative by consanguinity or affinity within the third civil degree, or the common-law spouse of the parent of the victim | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When the victim is under the custody of the police or military authorities or any law enforcement or penal institution | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When the rape is committed in full view of the spouse, parent, any of the children or other relatives within the third civil degree of consanguinity | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When the victim is a religious engaged in legitimate religious vocation or calling and is personally known to be such by the offender | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When the victim is a child below seven years old | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When the offender knows that he is afflicted with theHuman Immuno-Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or any othersexually transmissible disease and the virus or disease is transmitted to the victim | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When committed by any member of the Armed Forces of the Philippines or para-military units thereof or the Philippine National Police or any law enforcement agency or penal institution, when the offender took advantage of his position to facilitate the commission of the crime | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has suffered permanent physical mutilation or disability | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When the offender knew of the pregnancy of the offended party at the time of the commission of the crime | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| When the offender knew of the mental disability, emotional disorder and/or physical handicap of the offended party | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rape, if inserting his penis into another person's mouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person | Whenever the rape is committed with the use of a deadly weapon or by two or more persons | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has become insane | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If rape is attempted and homicide is committed | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If rape and homicide is committed | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acts of lasciviousness | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Kidnapping and serious illegal detention | If committed for the purpose of extorting ransom | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Slight illegal detention | If offender released victim within three days of detention, did not attain purpose, and before proceedings against him | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unlawful arrest | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Kidnapping and failure to return a minor | |||||||||||||||||||
| Inducing a minor to abandon his home | If offender is parent of the minor | ₱40,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Slavery | If purpose is for illegal trafficking | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Child labor | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Services rendered under compulsion in payment of debt | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Abandonment of person in danger and abandonment of one's own victim | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Abandoning a minor | If minor died | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If minor was merely in danger | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Abandonment of minor by person entrusted with his custody | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Exploitation of minors | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Qualified trespass to dwelling | If committed by violence or intimidation | ₱200,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other forms of trespass | ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Lightthreats | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other light threats | ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Gravecoercions | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Light coercions | ₱15,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Other coercions or unjust vexations | ₱1,000 to ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Compulsory purchase of merchandise and payment of wages by means of tokens | ₱40,000 to ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Formation, maintenance and prohibition of combination of capital or labor through violence or threats | ₱60,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Discovering secrets through seizure of correspondence | If secrets were revealed | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| If secrets were not revealed | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Revealing secrets with abuse of office | If secrets were revealed | ₱100,000 | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| Revelation of industrial secrets | ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Robbery with violence against or intimidation of persons | If the crime of homicide shall have been committed; or when the robbery shall have been accompanied by rape or intentional mutilation or arson | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If serious physical injuries have been inflicted | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If physical injuries have been inflicted | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If light physical injuries have been inflicted | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Attempted and frustrated robbery | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brigandage | If not acts cannot be punished by higher penalties | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If acts can be punished by higher penalties | The higher penalties will then be followed. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aiding and abetting a band of brigands | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Theft | If value is more than 2,200,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 1,200,000 pesos but less than 2,200,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 20,000 pesos but less than 600,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 5,000 pesos but less than 20,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 500 pesos but less than 5,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is less than 500 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is less than 500 pesos, and enter an enclosed estate or a field where trespass is forbidden or which belongs to another and without the consent of its owner | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is less than 500 pesos, and if offender under the impulse of hunger, poverty, etc. | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Theft of the property of theNational Library andNational Museum | ₱40,000 to ₱100,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Occupation of real property or usurpation of real rights in property | ₱15,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Altering boundaries or landmarks | ₱20,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Fraudulentinsolvency | If a merchant | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If not a merchant | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Swindling (estafa) | If value is more than 4,400,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 2,400,000 pesos but less than 4,400,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 1,200,000 pesos but less than 2,400,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is more than 40,000 pesos but less than 1,200,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If value is less than 40,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other forms of swindling | Not less than the value of damage caused | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Swindling a minor | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other deceits, includingfortune-telling | ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Removal, sale or pledge of mortgaged property | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Destructivearson | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other forms of arson | Varying circumstances | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Malicious mischief (property damage) | If damage exceeds 200,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If damage exceeds 40,000 pesos, but less than 200.000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If damage is less than 40,000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other mischiefs | If damage exceeds 200,000 pesos | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If damage exceeds 40,000 pesos, but less than 200.000 pesos | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If damage is less than 40,000 pesos, or if it cannot be estimated | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Damage and obstruction to means of communication | If it caused an accident | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Destroying or damaging statues, public monuments or paintings | Destroy or damage statues or any other useful or ornamental public monument | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Destroy or damage any useful or ornamental painting of a public nature | ₱40,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Suspension or disqualification | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | ||||||
| Adultery | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Concubinage | If the husband | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If the concubine | The penalty shall bedestierro | |||||||||||||||||||
| Qualifiedseduction | All other cases | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If seduced his sister or descendant | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Simple seduction | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acts oflasciviousness with the consent of the offended party | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corruption of minors | If a public officer | Temporary absolute disqualification | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | ||||||||||||||||||||
| White slave trade | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forcibleabduction | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consented abduction | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Suspension or disqualification | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | ||||||
| Simulation of births,substitution of one child for another andconcealment or abandonment of a legitimate child | If physician or public officer | ₱200,000 | Temporary special disqualification | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Usurpation of civil status | If done with the intent to defraud the offended part | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bigamy | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marriage contracted against provisions of laws | If either of the contracting parties shall obtain the consent of the other by means of violence, intimidation or fraud | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| All other cases | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Premature marriages | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Libel means by writings or similar means | ₱40,000 to ₱1,200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Threatening to publish libelous statements and offer to present such publication for a compensation | ₱40,000 to ₱400,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Prohibited publication of acts referred to in the course of official libel proceedings | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Slander | If of insulting nature | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Not of insulting nature | ₱20,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Slander by deed | If of serious nature | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Not of serious nature | ₱20,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Incriminating innocent person | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Intriguing against honor | ₱20,000 | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Crime | Aggravating,exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified) | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | Min | Med | Max | |||||
| Imprudence and negligence | If intentional act caused a grave felony | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| If imprudent act caused a grave felony | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| If act caused damage to property | An amount equal to the value of said damages to 3 times such value | ||||||||||||||||||
| If imprudent act caused some wrong, and if done maliciously, would have been a light felony[a] | ₱40,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
This includes provisions on crimes committed prior to the code to be applied under the laws at that time, and a repealing clause.
The code has been amended and repealed multiple times:
