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Retroflex ejective stop

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Consonantal sound
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(December 2025)
Retroflex ejective stop
ʈʼ
Audio sample
Encoding
X-SAMPAt`_>
Image

Aretroflex ejective is a rareconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʈʼ⟩.

Features

[edit]

Features of a retroflex ejective stop:

  • Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with nonasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is aplosive.
  • Itsplace of articulation isretroflex, which prototypically means it is articulatedsubapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it ispostalveolar without beingpalatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can beapical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,laminal (flat).
  • Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is amedian consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Theairstream mechanism isejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping theglottis upward.

Occurrence

[edit]
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
EnglishIndian[citation needed]beet[biːʈʼ]'beet'This sound usually occurs at the end of a phrase as an allophone of/t/.
YokutsWukchumni[1]ṭʼa∙yʼ[ʈʼaːjˀ]'down feather'Phonemically distinct, not found in other Yokuts dialects

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Gamble, Geoffrey (1978).Wikchamni Grammar. Berkeley / Los Angeles: University of California Publications in Linguistics, 89.


IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flex(Alve­olo-)​palatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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