Republican Party of Louisiana Parti Républicain de Louisiane | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chairperson | Derek Babcock |
| Governor of Louisiana | Jeff Landry |
| Founded | 1865 |
| Headquarters | 530 Lakeland Dr. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70802 |
| Membership(2021) |  1,008,625[1] |
| Ideology | Conservatism Right-wing populism |
| Colors | Red |
| Louisiana House of Representatives | 73 / 105 |
| Louisiana State Senate | 28 / 39 |
| Statewide Executive Offices | 7 / 7 |
| U.S. House of Representatives | 4 / 6 |
| U.S. Senate | 2 / 2 A |
| Public Service Commission | 3 / 5 |
| State Supreme Court | 5 / 7 |
| Election symbol | |
.svg) | |
| Website | |
| www | |
TheRepublican Party of Louisiana(LAGOP) (French:Parti républicain de Louisiane,Spanish:Partido Republicano de Luisiana) is the affiliate of theRepublican Party in theU.S. state ofLouisiana. Its chair is Derek Babcock who was elected in 2024. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling four of Louisiana's sixU.S. House seats, bothU.S. Senate seats, all statewide executive offices, and both houses of thestate legislature.
The Republican Party of Louisiana was founded as the "Friends of Universal Suffrage" on November 4, 1865, by a group of whites,free men of color, and newly emancipatedfreedmen led byBenjamin Flanders.[2] He had been an Alderman of New Orleans from 1847 to 1852. Constitutional amendments after theAmerican Civil War granted citizenship and suffrage to freedmen, most of whom affiliated with the Republican Party that had gained their freedom. Among the achievements of the biracial state legislature during theReconstruction era was founding public education and some charitable institutions.[3]
The party held a convention in June 1867, during which the party was divided between a pro-civil rights wing seeking integration and a wing led byHenry C. Warmoth. That same monthJames Longstreet joined the party.[4]
Threatened by black majorities in several areas and unhappy with the outcome of the war, whiteinsurgents challenged voting by blacks, and elections were increasingly disrupted by violence and fraud in the period of 1868 through the Reconstruction era. Chapters of theWhite League arose across the state in the 1874 as a white militia that worked for the Democratic Party to achieve the overthrow of the Reconstruction government. Notable extreme events of white violence against blacks in this period were theColfax Massacre and theCoushatta Massacre. In addition, armed Democratic forces of the White League occupiedNew Orleans and took over state offices (then located in the city) after the disputed gubernatorial election of 1872.
In 1898 the Democratic-dominated Louisiana legislature followed Mississippi (and other Southern states) in passing a new constitution and laws with provisions that created barriers to voter registration and voting by blacks in the state, and also adversely affected many poor whites. These provisions included apoll tax,literacy test,grandfather clauses and similar requirements that were applied in a discriminatory manner against African Americans. They were essentially excluded from the political system for decades, depleting the Republican Party. The Democratic white-dominated state legislature passed racial segregation and otherJim Crow laws that enforced second-class status for African Americans.
Disenfranchisement of African Americans kept the Republican Party hollowed out well into the 20th century. In the first part of the 20th century up to 1970, tens of thousands of blacks left Louisiana for northern and western states in theGreat Migration, contributing to changes in demographics of some areas of the state. As leaders of the national Democratic Party had supported thecivil rights movement, after African Americans regained the power to vote and re-entered politics, most affiliated with the Democratic Party.
Since the late 20th century, the Republican Party in Louisiana and other southern states has had a resurgence fed by the movement of white conservatives from the Democratic Party to its ranks. This change was seen first in their voting for Republican presidential candidates, in states across the South.
Until the early 1950s, when blacks were still disenfranchised, no Republican won a singleelectoral vote in any Louisiana presidential election. But in 1956, the state supported national hero and Republican presidential candidate GeneralDwight David Eisenhower, who was admired for his leadership in World War II. His was the first of nine Republican presidential victories in the state among the 14 presidential campaigns from 1956 to 2008 inclusive.
Since the 1990s, Louisiana's U.S. House delegation has overall had a Republican tilt, and the number of Republicans elected to both houses of theLouisiana legislature has increased incrementally. As of 2009[update], Republicans had not had the majority in either the Louisiana House or state Senate since the Reconstruction era. The first Republicans elected to the state house in Louisiana in the 20th century wereMorley A. Hudson andTaylor W. O'Hearn in 1964, the year that the federalCivil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. The next year theVoting Rights Act of 1965 was passed, ensuring that African Americans would again be able to exercise their constitutional right to vote in Louisiana and other states. The first Republican elected to the State Senate in Louisiana in the 20th century wasEdwards Barham in 1975.
Although it was years before Republicans commanded a majority of the state house, they often secured important leadership posts. A notable example isJohn Hainkel, the first person in U.S. history to have been elected by his peers in any state legislature as both Speaker of the Houseand as President of the Senate.
David C. Treen was elected as governor in 1979; he was the first Republican elected to the office since the Reconstruction era.Charlton Lyons had made the first serious Republican gubernatorial campaign in 1964, when blacks were still disenfranchised. He drew a then record 37.5 percent of the general white election vote.[5] Drawing on increasing support in the state, Republicans have won the Louisiana governorship most of the time since Treen's election.
In 2004David Vitter, aU.S. representative, was elected as Louisiana's first RepublicanUnited States Senator since the Reconstruction era, disenfranchisement at the turn of the century, and realignment of political parties in the state. As of 2010[update] the Republican Party holds all of the statewide elected offices, which include GovernorBobby Jindal, Lieutenant GovernorJay Dardenne, Secretary of StateTom Schedler, State TreasurerJohn Neely Kennedy, Attorney GeneralBuddy Caldwell, Commissioner of Agriculture & ForestryMike Strain, and Commissioner of InsuranceJim Donelon.
In 2009 election of Republican former U.S. RepresentativeClyde C. Holloway to theLouisiana Public Service Commission (PSC), which regulates utility companies, gave that body its first-ever Republican majority. In 2010, Republicans gained a majority of both houses of the Louisiana state legislature for the first time since Reconstruction, when party affiliations were quite different.[6]
In 1992, the Louisiana Republican Party refused to censure its member,David Duke, who was a former leader of the white supremacist terrorist organizationKu Klux Klan and who was known for racist views.[7] Though in 2016, they did denounce him as he announced his campaign for the U.S. Senate.[8]
In 2021, the Louisiana Republican Party censured SenatorBill Cassidy for voting to convictDonald Trump in the impeachment trial over Trump's role in inciting apro-Trump mob tostorm the U.S. Capitol.[9]
In January 2023 the party voted to condemn the Biden Administration'sprisoner exchange with Russia for Brittney Griner. Though it was later taken out, many members wanted to add language to the resolution describing Griner as "LGBT woke".[10]
The Republican Party of Louisiana is represented by its 144-member State Central Committee, which is established in theLouisiana Election Code, essentially Title 18 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes (LRS).[11] LRS Title 18 also provides for the Parish Executive Committee within each civil parish (county). The 144 members are based on the 105state representatives and 39state senators. Both committees are elected by party members in public elections set by law. Although not naming the parties, theLouisiana Election Code describes them in terms of requirements to be counted among the "recognized political parties." Besides the Republican Party, the only other party which routinely meets these requirements is theDemocratic Party. Within each civil parish a representative of each recognized party's Parish Executive Committee serves on the Parish Board of Election Supervisors.[12]
The State Central Committee attempts to coordinate the efforts of the parish executive committees and related organizations.
The Republican Party of Louisiana controls all of the seven of the statewide constitutional offices and holds a majority in the Louisiana House of Representatives and in the Louisiana Senate. The party also holds both of the state's U.S. Senate seats and four of the six U.S. House seats.
Republicans have controlled both of Louisiana's seats in theU.S. Senate since2015:
Out of the 6 seats Louisiana is apportioned in theU.S. House of Representatives, 4 are held by Republicans:
| District | Member | Photo |
|---|---|---|
| LA-01 | Steve Scalise (House Majority Leader) |  |
| LA-03 | Clay Higgins |  |
| LA-04 | Mike Johnson (Speaker of the House) |  |
| LA-05 | Julia Letlow | .jpg) |
Republicans control all of the seven elected statewide offices:
| Election | Gubernatorial candidate | Votes | Vote % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | David Duke | 671,009 | 38.83% | Lost N |
| 1995 | Mike Foster | 984,499 | 63.5% | Won Y |
| 1999 | Mike Foster | 805,203 | 62.17% | WonY |
| 2003 | Bobby Jindal | 676,484 | 48.05% | LostN |
| 2007 | Bobby Jindal | 699,672 | 53.91% | WonY |
| 2011 | Bobby Jindal | 673,239 | 65.80% | WonY |
| 2015 | David Vitter | 505,940 | 43.89% | LostN |
| 2019 | Eddie Rispone | 734,286 | 48.67% | LostN |
| 2023 | Jeff Landry | 547,827 | 51.56% | WonY |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
