"Karelia" derives from the name of the ethnic group —Karelians. The name "Karjala" has unknown origins, but it is theorised that it may come from the Proto-Finnic wordkarja, meaning "herd", which was borrowed from theProto-Germanicharjaz ("army"); the ending-la means "earth".[10]
The republic is in the northwestern part of Russia, between theWhite Sea andLake Ladoga. The White Sea has a shoreline of 630 kilometers (390 mi). It has an area of 172,400 km2 (66,600 sq mi). It shares internal borders withMurmansk Oblast (north),Arkhangelsk Oblast (east/south-east),Vologda Oblast (south-east/south), andLeningrad Oblast (south/south-west), and it also bordersFinland (Kainuu,Lapland,North Karelia,Northern Ostrobothnia, andSouth Karelia); the borders measure 723 km. The main bodies of water next to Karelia are the White Sea (an inlet of theBarents Sea) to the north-east andLake Onega and Lake Ladoga both shared with neighboring Oblasts to the south. Its highest point is theNuorunen peak at 576 m (1,890 ft).
As a part of theFennoscandian Shield's ancient Kareliancraton, most of the Republic of Karelia's surficial geology isArchaean orPaleoproterozoic, dated up to 3.4 billion years in the Vodlozero block. This area is the largest contiguous Archaean outcrop inEurope and one of the largest in the world.
Sincedeglaciation, the rate ofpost-glacial rebound in the Republic of Karelia has varied. Since theWhite Sea connected to the World's oceans uplift along the southern coast ofKandalaksha Gulf has totaled 90 m.[clarification needed] In the interval 9,500–5,000 years ago the uplift rate was 9–13 mm/yr. Before theAtlantic period, uplift rate had decreased to 5–5.5 mm/yr, to then rise briefly before arriving at the present uplift rate is 4 mm/yr.[11]
There are 61,000 lakes in Karelia.[13] The total water surface of the lakes is 16.2 thousand km2 (10.3% of the territory), 17,8 thousand km2 (11.4% of the territory) if reservoirs are included.[13]Lake Ladoga (Karelian:Luadogu;Finnish:Laatokkacode: fin promoted to code: fi) andLake Onega (Karelian:Oniegujärvi;Finnish:Ääninencode: fin promoted to code: fi) are the largest lakes inEurope. Other lakes include:
The majority of the republic's territory (148,000 km2 (57,000 sq mi), or 85%) is composed of state forest stock. The total growing stock of timber resources in the forests of all categories and ages is 807 million m³. The mature and over-mature tree stock amounts to 411.8 million m³, of which 375.2 million m³ is coniferous.
Fifty useful minerals are found in Karelia, located in more than 400 deposits and ore-bearing layers. Natural resources of the republic includeiron ore,diamonds,vanadium,molybdenum, and others.
The Republic of Karelia is located in the Atlanticcontinental climate zone. The average temperature in January is −8.0 °C (17.6 °F) and +16.4 °C (61.5 °F) in July. Average annualprecipitation is 500–700 mm.[14]
In 2000, the EU Summit approved theNorthern Dimension project, which aimed to gradually develop a consolidated strategy for intercountry and interregional cooperation in Northern Europe, including the Russian northern regions of Karelia,[16] the Komi Republic, Murmansk, Kaliningrad, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Pskov, and Leningrad Oblasts, St. Petersburg, and theNenets Autonomous Okrug.
TheKarelian people and culture developed during theViking Age in the region to the west ofLake Ladoga. Karelians were first mentioned inSwedish sagas around the 10th century. Russians first mentioned Karelians in 1143, they called Karelians"Korela".[25]
Sweden's interest in Karelia began a centuries-long struggle withNovgorod (laterRussia) that resulted in numerous border changes following the many wars fought between the two, the most famous of which is thePillage of Sigtuna of 1187. In 1137 the oldest documented settlement was established, the modern-day city ofOlonets (Aunus).[26] Karelians converted toOrthodox Christianity in 1227.[27] The Karelians' alliance with Novgorod developed into domination by the latter in the 13th century, when Karelia became a part of Novgorod under the name of Obonezhie pyatina as an autonomy. Later Karelia had anti-Novgorodrevolts in the 13th and 14th centuries.Later Karelia became a part ofMuscovy when Novgorod was annexed in the second half of the 15th century.
In 1906, theUnion of White Sea Karelians (Vienan karjalaisten liitto) was created. The Union's main goal was to improve the life of the common Karelians and additionally develop their ownnational identity.[32] The union was temporarily dissolved in 1911 after series of repressions done by the local government.[33]
In 1917, theMurmansk Railroad was built, leading to the Karelian lands becoming more strategically important. This led much ofintelligentsia to believe that the Russian tourism andImmigration into the region would rise, leading to furtherassimilation of the Karelians to the Russian culture.[34]
During theFinnish and theRussian Civil Wars the local peasantry rebelled against the new Soviet State due itsProdrazverstka policy, causing several squads of the "Whiteguard" to cross into theKarelian lands,[35] where then was organized a government that later swiftly declared independence from theRussian Soviet Federative Republic, creating theUhtua Republic. Later in 1920 Finnish forces occupied Olonets, creating anotherpuppet government, which then merged with the other Karelian state into theUnited Karelian Government. The regions were reclaimed by theRed Army later the same year, the Tartu peace was signed and the Karelian United Government was dissolved.
During the years of its existence, the Commune was actively educating the people, opening the schools and libraries as of theLikbez policy were open and maintained, the Commune was later expanded in 1923 by transferring the Kolezhemskaya, Lapinskaya, Navodnitskaya and many otherposads fromArkhangelsk Governorate.[38]
After the Likbez policy was fulfilled, the Republic now shifted its goal from educating the people to expanding the production andelectrifying the Republic according to theGOELRO plan. The first steps were the creation of Mevezegorsky and Pudozsky tree-cutting factories, theKondopoga Paper Factory, and the launch of the Kem and the Uhtahydroelectrostations.
In the 1930s, the goal yet again shifted, now to improving the cultural and physical development and well-being of the locals by creation of many freeclinics andhospitals, "Houses of Physical Culture", Theaters etc.[41]
Sandarmokh forest
Many of the Finns who fled to Karelia were detained and most likely shot duringThe Great Purge of 1937, with the Karelian ethnic Finns' population dropping to 21%.[42] Karelia has one of the biggest burial sites of Stalinist purges in Russia,Sandarmokh, where possibly thousands of victims were executed.
During the Winter War, a Sovietpuppet government was created in occupied territories. The Finnish Democratic Republic was to incorporate most of Finland's pre-war territories plus some western parts of the KASSR. Some members of the FDP government were also members of the KASSR government.[43]
After theMoscow Peace Treaty territories of theKarelian Isthmus were transferred to the newly created Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic. After theevacuation of Finnish Karelia, the new territories were left unpopulated, so migrants fromBelarus,Ukraine, Russia, and otherSoviet republics moved in. To this day, this area has one of the lowest percentages of Karelian and Finnish populations in the Republic.
After the beginning ofWorld War II, mass rallies were held on the territory of the republic, at which the inhabitants of Karelia declared their readiness to stand up for the defense of the Soviet Union. Workers of theOnega Tractor Plant wrote "We will work only in such a way as to fully meet the needs of our Red Army. We will double, triple our forces and crush, destroy theGerman fascists".[44]
Soon after the evacuation of border regions began, On 3 July, a republican evacuation commission was created. At its first meeting, it was decided to evacuate children under 14 out of Petrozavodsk. The same decision also refers to the evacuation of 150 families of leading party and Soviet workers in Karelia. Those residents who could work had to remain in the harvest and defense work.[46]
In grey, Finnish occupied territories
By September the Finnish army already reached Petrozavodsk and captured Olonets.[45] Petrozavodsk offensive began on 20 September. To protect the city, the7th Army under the command of GeneralK.A. Meretskov was directly subordinated to the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander.[47]
On 30 September, the position of the defenders of the city deteriorated sharply. The Finnish army managed to break through Soviet defenses and cut the highway to Kondopoga in the area of the Sulazhgorsky brick factory. In the south Finns came close to the city outskirts. On 1 October, due to the threat of encirclement, an order was received from the command to withdraw the main units defending the city.
The fighting near Petrozavodsk allowed the authorities to evacuate most of the civilian population and a significant part of the production capacities. In total, more than 500 thousand people were evacuated from the republic to the east.Petrozavodsk University was temporarily relocated toSyktyvkar.[45]
After the capture of Petrozavodsk, the capital of Soviet Karelia was transferred first to Medvezhyegorsk, then to Belomorsk. Less than 90 thousand people remained in the occupied territory, half of which are representatives of the Finno-Ugric peoples: Karelians, Vepsians, and Finns.The Finnish administration has officially recognized them as a "kindred" population. The rest received the status of "unrelated" people.[45] Most of them have been put intoconcentration camps, along with communists and people who could not speak Finnish or Karelian.
Former prisoners of the camps recalled that the staff often treated them more harshly than was supposed to according to the instructions. According to them, the Finns, in the presence of children, shot prisoners and beat women, children, and the elderly. One of the prisoners told the Finnish historian Helga Seppel that before leaving Petrozavodsk, the invaders shot several young people for unknown reasons.[45]
During the occupation, Petrozavodsk was renamed toÄänislinna.
Only a few territories of the K-FSSR managed to escape the Finnish occupation: theBelomorsky,Loukhsky,Kemsky,Pudozhsky okrugs, as well as part of theMedvezhiegorsky, Tungudsky andUkhta okrugs. By 1942, about 70 thousand people lived here.[46]
After the end of theSiege of Leningrad Soviet army was ordered to liberate Karelia.
On 21 June 1944Svir-Petrozavodsk operation started. On 27 June the Finnish army left Petrozavodsk. By August the Soviet army reached pre-war borders.
Then the Soviet army got pushed back again and had to end the war with the help of pressure from its allies in the Moscow Armistice.
Afternormalization of diplomatic relations between USSR and Finland the status of the Karelo-Finnish SSR was changed back to the Karelian ASSR in 1956. After this Karelian, Veps, and Finnish languages began a decline in usage due to the lack of support from the state and lack of education.[48]
The transformation of the KFSSR into the Karelian ASSR was supposed to show that the USSR did not have aggressive goals against Finland.[49]
In August 1990 KASSR declared its sovereignty as an autonomous part of the Russian Federation,[50] and later changed its name to the Republic of Karelia in 1991.
In 2006 anethnic conflict and later riot started in Kondopoga after a fight between locals andCaucasian immigrants led to 2 deaths.[51] This caused an exodus of Muslims from Karelia.
The highest executive authority in the Republic of Karelia is the Head of the Republic. The acting Head of the Republic isArtur Parfenchikov, who was elected in February 2017 and laterre-elected in 2022.
The parliament of the Republic of Karelia is theLegislative Assembly comprising fifty deputies elected for a four-year term.
The Constitution of the Republic of Karelia was adopted on 12 February 2001.
TheLegislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia is a permanent representative and the only legislative body of state power in the Republic of Karelia.[52] Since 2016, it consists of 36 deputies elected by the inhabitants of the republic according to a mixed electoral system: 18 deputies according to party lists (proportional system), and 18 in single-member districts (majority system) based on universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. The term of office of deputies of one convocation is five years.
theGovernment of the Republic of Karelia, headed by the Head of the Republic – the permanent supreme executive body of state power of the Republic of Karelia
other executive authorities
The Head of the Republic is elected by the republic's inhabitants on the basis of universal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot. The term of office is 5 years and one person cannot hold office for more than two consecutive terms.
Like everyfederal subject, Karelia has two representatives in theFederation Council: one from the legislative assembly and one from the republic's government.
According to the 2021 Census,[68] ethnicRussians make up 86.4% of the republic's population, ethnicKarelians 5.5%. Other groups includeBelarusians (2.0%),Ukrainians (1.2%),Finns (0.7%),Vepsians (0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
161,498 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[69]
Currently Russian is the onlyofficial language of the republic.Karelian,Veps, andFinnish have been officially recognized languages of the republic since 2004, and they arede jure supported by the government.[7] In early 2000s Karelian and Vepslanguage nests were created in Petrozavodsk,Kalevala, Tuksa andSheltozero,[70] but were later shut down.[71] Now native languages of Karelia have little support from the government.[48]
Finnish was the secondofficial language of Karelia from the creation of the Karelian Labour Commune up until thedissolution of the Soviet Union.[72] Thereafter there were suggestions to raise Karelian as the second official language, but they were repeatedly turned down.[73][7]
The Karelians have traditionally beenEastern Orthodox.Lutheranism was brought to Karelia duringSweden's conquest of Karelia and was common in regions that then belonged to Finland. Nowadays Lutherans can be found in most big settlements but they remain a minority.[76]
The PetrozavodskJewish Religious Community was registered in 1997.[78]
Karelian Muslims were organized into Karelianmuftiate in 2001.[79]
According to a 2012 survey,[74] 27% of the population of Karelia adheres to theRussian Orthodox Church, 2% areunaffiliatedChristians, and 1% are members ofProtestant churches. In addition, 44% of the population declared to be "spiritual but not religious", 18% isatheist, and 8% follow other religions or did not answer the question.[74]
Despite being 0,4% of Russia's population, 65–70% of all Russiantrout is grown in the Republic, 26% ofiron ore pellets, 20% of paper, 12% of wood pulp and cellulose.
Karelia'sgross regional product (GRP) in 2007 was 109.5 billion rubles.[81] The Karelian economy's GRP in 2010 was estimated at 127733.8 million rubles.[citation needed] Karelia's GRP in 2021 was 176 billion rubles.[80] This amounts to 291,841 rubles per capita, which is lower thannational average.
In the structure of the gross regional product in 2017, the main types of economic activity were:mining – 17.6%; manufacturing industries – 16.9%; transportation and storage – 11.8%; wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles – 9.8%; public administration and military security; social security – 8.7%.[83]
A fastfiber-optic cable link connecting FinnishKuhmo and KarelianKostomuksha was built in 2007, providing fast telecommunications.[81]
In 2022, the republic's budget received 75 billion 198 million rubles of revenue. At the same time, expenses amounted to 82 billion 202 million rubles.[84]
Tax revenues make up the majority of budget revenues and in 2008 amounted to 64% of operating income. The tax concentration is relatively high: the 10 largest taxpayers, mainly industrial enterprises, provided about 38% of all tax revenues in 2008.[85]
The forest andwood processing sector dominates industrial activity in Karelia. A large number of small enterprises carry out timber logging whereas pulp and paper production is concentrated in five large enterprises, which produce about a quarter of Russia's total output of paper.[86] Three largest companies in the pulp and paper sector in 2021 were:OAO Kondopoga (sales of $369314325),Segezha Pulp and Paper Mill ($221317040) andRK-Grand (Pitkäranta Pulp Factory) ($78750849).[82]
The timber industry complex of Karelia produces 28% of the republic's industrial output.[87]
Due to Karelia's climate, only 1,2% of the land is used for farming. Most of the farmland is located onpodzol.[92]
20 agricultural organizations employing 2.3 thousand people.Animal husbandry is the leading branch of agriculture in the Republic, the main areas of which are dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding, broiler poultry farming, and fur farming.[93]
Annually agricultural enterprises of the region produce up to 59 thousand tons of milk. Based on its natural and climatic conditions, the plant growing industry is focused on the production of feed for livestock, the bulk of potatoes and vegetables are grown in small forms of management.[93]
Fishing enterprises of Karelia produced 91.9 thousand tons of aquatic biological resources in 2021.
In the Barents Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, 89.9 thousand tons of aquatic biological resources were caught, of them 34.6 thousand tons ofcod and haddock, 34.1 thousand tons ofblue whiting, 18 thousand tons ofmackerel and 1.1 thousand tons ofnorthern shrimp. 306 tons of fish were caught in the White Sea and 612 tons ofkelp andfucus were harvested. The catch offreshwater fish amounted to 1.1 thousand tons.[94]
Traditional, active,cultural andecological types of tourism are popular among tourists.[95]
Karelia attracts ecotourists with its nature and wilderness[96] and low population density. During the summer water tourism is also popular among many tourists.
Cultural tourism is also a big part of Karelia's tourism economy. The region attracts many tourists with its wooden architecture, local culture, and traditions.
Karelia also has the first Russianhealth resort – Martial Waters (1719).
The economy of Karelia is export-orientated. By the volume of exports per capita, Karelia is among the leading regions of Russia. More than 50% of manufactured products (and up to 100% in several industries) are exported.[80]
The Republic's main export partners in 2001 were Finland (32% of total exports),Germany (7%),Netherlands (7%), and theUnited Kingdom (6%).[14] Main export products were lumber (over 50%), iron ore pellets (13–15%) paper and cardboard (6–9%) and sawn timber with (5–7%). Many of Karelia's companies have received investments from Finland.[14]
Karelia is a strategically important railroad region due to the fact that it connectsMurmansk with the rest of Russia by theKirov Railway, which waselectrified in 2005.[97]
There are also rail connections with Finland inVärtsilä andKostomuksha, but they are not electrified.
TheWhite Sea–Baltic Canal was built in the 1930s to connect the Baltic and White seas. The 227 km long canal was built by prisoners. Even though it has 19locks, the canal cannot pass vessels with adraft of more than 5 meters.[99] The canal is a part of theVolgo-Baltic Waterway.
There are alsoriver ports on the coast of the White Sea, there were plans to upgrade them toocean ports but they were deemed too expensive.[100]
In 2024, the incidence of cancer in Karelia was 684 cases per 100,000 population, which is 36 more than in 2023 and is the highest rate among Russian regions.[104]
According to Olga Ruotselainen, Deputy head of the Karelian Ministry of Health, today[when?] more than 20,000 people with a diagnosis of oncology are registered.
Women in Karelia most often suffer from breast cancer. Cancer of other skin growths is in second place, and colon cancer is in third place. Among men, the most common type of oncology is prostate cancer, second being cancer of the bronchi, trachea, lung, and third being skin cancer.[105]
The healthcare system of the Republic of Karelia has 24 hospital institutions (republican and district hospitals), 5 dispensaries, the Republican Center for the Prevention and Control ofAIDS and Infectious Diseases, the Republican Blood Transfusion Station, 3 maternity and childhood care institutions, 10 outpatient clinics, 5 special type healthcare institutions, 7 social service institutions, 18 district social protection institutions, the autonomous educational institution of secondary vocational education of the Republic of Karelia Petrozavodsk Basic Medical College.[106]
The regional target program Improvement of the Demographic Situation of the Republic of Karelia for the period 2008–2010 and up to 2015 has been adopted.[107]
Karelia is very culturally diverse region that was influenced by Finno-Ugric,Slavic andScandinavian cultures. The main unifying factor in the formation of the culture of the region was the Orthodox religion.[108]
A lot is being done in the Republic of Karelia today to support the interests of more than 100 nationalities inhabiting it, including Karelians, Veps and Finns. More than 60 national public associations have been registered: unions, congresses, popular movements, autonomies, friendship societies, cultural societies.[109] There is a regional target program Karelia – the Territory of Consent, a republican target program State support of Karelian, Vepsian and Finnish languages, a public council has been established to coordinate the implementation of these programs.[110]
Karelia is sometimes called "the songlands", as Karelian poems constitute most of the Karelo-Finnish epicKalevala and many ofRussian Bylinas were documented inPudozh.[111]
The written literature of Karelia was formed at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1930s Karelian and Veps languages gained a writing system, but during the Stalinist repressions many books in Veps and Karelian were burned and cultural figures were deported.[112]
After the creation of the Karelian Labour Commune manyAmerican andCanadian finns moved to Karelia and began creating new literature. Many Karelians could understand Finnish so some authors, such as one of the most famous Karelian writersAntti Timonen, started to write in Finnish.[113]
Writers of the Republic of Karelia are united in public organizations:
The formation of professional painting in Karelia is associated with the name of the People's Artist of theKFSSR V. N. Popov (1869–1945). In 1934, the Union of Artists of the Autonomous Karelian SSR was established, the first chairman of which was elected Yu. O. Rautanen, since 2010, the Karelian branch of the Union of Artists of Russia. As part of the Karelian department, there is an Association of Young artists and Art Historians.
Karelia is famous for its wooden architecture. Karelian architecture developed under the strong influence ofNovgorod architecture.[117] Examples of Karelian architecture are collected in theKizhi Pogost Museum.
Later Karelian architecture was influenced by Finns, especially after the creation of the Karelian Labour Commune.
Kantele is the most famous traditional Karelian musical instrument. InKalevala the mageVäinämöinen makes the first kantele from the jawbone of a giantpike and a few hairs fromHiisi's stallion.
In 1933, the Karelian State Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra was founded. The orchestra belonged to the Karelian Radio and Television, part of the Ministry of Culture of Karelia. However, since 1997, the orchestra has been a part of the Karelian State Philharmonic Society.[118]
In 1935, the Karelian Folk Segozer Choir (Padans), the Karelian Folk Olonets Choir Karelian birch ([[:olo:Karjalan koivu|Karjalan koivu]]) was founded.
In 1936, the National Song and Dance Ensemble of Karelia (Kantele), the Veps Folk Choir, and the Karelian Folk Petrovsky Choir were founded.
The Pomeranian Folk Choir (Medvezhyegorsk) was founded in 1937, and the Karelian Folk Vedlozersky Choir (Vedlozero) was founded in 1938.
In 1937, the Union of Karelian Composers was founded.
In 1938, the Petrozavodsk Music College (now the Petrozavodsk Music College named after K. E. Rautio) was opened.[119]
In 1939, the Symphony Orchestra of the Karelo-Finnish State Philharmonic was founded.[120]
Karelian Rune singers
In 1967, the Petrozavodsk branch of theLeningrad State Conservatory (now the Petrozavodsk Glazunov State Conservatory) was opened.
In 1973, Honored Artist of the Republic of Karelia L. P. Budanov founded the Karelia-Brass ensemble.
Throughout the years, many Karelian, Russian, Veps, Finnish andPomor choirs were created, such as the Karelian choir "Oma pajo" in 1990, which is still active.[121]
There are more than twenty children's music schools in the republic, including:
Petrozavodsk Children's Music School No. 1 named after Sinisalo (opened in 1918). The school is the organizer of the international competition «Onega Wave», the international festival of the Barents region Northern Lights, the festival of music of the Nordic countries «Sankta Lucia».[122]
Olonets Children's Music School (opened in 1952)
Belomorsk Children's Music School (opened in 1955)
Kondopoga Children's Music School (opened in 1957)
Petrozavodsk Children's Music and Choral School (opened in 1966)[123]
G. A. Vavilov Kostomukshi Children's Music School (opened in 1977)
Petrozavodsk Children's Music School named after G. V. Sviridov (opened in 1983)[124]
Children's Art School of Petrozavodsk named after M. A. Balakirev (opened in 1991)[125]
Musical groups: Sattuma family ensemble, Leo Sevets, Santtu Karhu & Talvisovat, Myllärit,Drolls Early Music Ensemble, WaTaGa.
Center for Fire Prevention Propaganda and Public Relations at the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the Republic of Karelia (Petrozavodsk)[132]
Maritime Museum Polar Odyssey (opened on the territory of the Maritime Historical and Cultural Center, Petrozavodsk)[133]
Children's Museum of Local Lore (Palace of Creativity of Children and Youth, Petrozavodsk)[134]
Museum of the History of the Solomenskiy Timber Mill named after L. V. Serkina[135]
In 2009, theMinistry of Culture of the Russian Federation developed a digital film screening program in cities with a population of less than 500 thousand people,[143] new cinemas were built in shopping malls. Today, out of 13 cities of the republic, cinemas are operating in all cities exceptLahdenpohya.
Only the "Karelfilm" film studio, located in Petrozavodsk, is engaged in film production in Karelia.[144][145]
In 1957, the Karelian branch of the Union of Journalists of the USSR (now the Karelian branch of the Union of Journalists of Russia) was organized. In different years, the union was headed by F. A. Trofimov, A. I. Shtykov, K. V. Gnetnev, V. N. Kiryasov, V. A. Tolsky, N. N. Meshkova, A.M. Tsygankov. In 1960–1990, the creative work of the best republican journalists was awarded the annual prize named afterK. S. Eremeev. Currently, every year on the eve of the Day of the Russian Journalist, the Union of Journalists of Karelia awards two special prizes: "For skill and dignity" and "For openness to the press".[146]
newspaperVienan Karjala (White Sea Karelia) in the Karelian dialect of the Karelian language.
Newspapers are published in the districts of Karelia:[149]Kostomuksha News,Prionezhye,Olonia,Novaya Kondopoga,Belomorskaya Tribune,Ladoga-Sortavala,Kalevala News,Pudozhsky Vestnik,Suoyarvsky Vestnik,Circumpolar,Soviet White Sea,Novaya Ladoga,MuezerskLes,Call,Our life,Trust,Dialogue.
Sever – a monthly literary, artistic, socio-political magazine in Russian. Founder: the Government of Karelia.
Carelia (Karelia) – a monthly literary and artistic magazine in Finnish, Karelian (Livvikov and Karelian dialects proper), Vepsian languages. Founders: Ministry of National Policy and Relations with Religious Associations of Karelia,Ingermanland Union of Finns of Karelia,Union of Karelian People, Vepsian Culture Society,Periodika publishing house.
Kipinä (Sparkle) – monthly children's illustrated magazine in Finnish. Founders: The Ministry of Education of Karelia and the publishing house Periodika.
Industrial Bulletin of Karelia is a periodical specialized magazine in Russian.
According to a sociological study of the regional media market conducted in October 2013, the largest share of the media of the Republic of Karelia in terms of the number of published materials belongs to online publications – 77.3%.[157]
Official portal of state authorities of the Republic of Karelia[158]
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^Fomina, Elena (30 August 2019). Lukjanova, Maria (ed.)."Железная дорога" [Railways].Республика [Republic (of Karelia, Official Website)] (in Russian).Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved31 August 2022.
^Fomina, Elena. Lukjanova, Maria (ed.)."Беломорско-Балтийский канал" [White Sea-Baltic Canal].Республика [Republic (of Karelia, Official Website)] (in Russian).Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved31 August 2022.
Верховный Совет Карельской АССР. №473-ЗРК 30 мая 1978 г. «Конституция Республики Карелия», в ред. Закона №1314-ЗРК от 16 июля 2009 г «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Карелия». Опубликован: отдельной брошюрой. (Supreme Soviet of the Karelian ASSR. #473-ZRK May 30, 1978Constitution of the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1314-ZRK of July 16, 2009On Amending the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia. ).
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