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中華民國陸軍軍官學校 | |
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Former names | Whampoa Military Academy (1924–1926) Central Military Academy (1927–1949) Chinese Workers and Peasants Military Academy |
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| Motto | Fraternity, Devotion, Sincerity |
| Type | Service academy |
| Established | May 1, 1924; 101 years ago (May 1, 1924) |
| Superintendent | Maj. Gen. Chang Chieh (張捷) |
| Location | Fengshan District, Kaohsiung , |
| Campus | Suburban |
| Website | www |
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| Republic of China Military Academy | |||||||||||||
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 Main gate | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中華民國陸軍軍官學校 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 中华民国陆军军官学校 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Republic of China Army Officer School | ||||||||||||
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| abbreviation | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 陸軍官校 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Army Officer School | ||||||||||||
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| Whampoa Military Academy | |||||||||||||
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 Main gate | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 黃埔軍校 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 黄埔军校 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Yellow PortArmy School | ||||||||||||
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TheRepublic of China Military Academy (Chinese:中華民國陸軍軍官學校;pinyin:Zhōnghúa Mīngúo Lùjūn Jūnguān Xúexiào;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Lio̍k-kun Kun-koaⁿ Ha̍k-hāu), also known as theChinese Military Academy (CMA), is theservice academy for theRepublic of China Army. It was founded as theWhampoa Military Academy at Whampoa, Canton (present dayHuangpu,Guangzhou) in 1924. At the end of theChinese Civil War the academy evacuated to theisland of Taiwan and took its current name. Its graduates participated in theNorthern Expedition, theSecond Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War.
By 1924, theKuomintang (KMT) wanted to build a modern, and politically reliable armed force. The KMT received money,materiel, and advisors from theSoviet Union; military advisors provided training and began reorganizing the KMT's forces along Soviet lines. As part of the reforms,political commissars were introduced for political and technical training and, in 1924, the KMT's1st National Congress approved the creation of the Whampoa Military Academy to train junior officers for the what would become theNational Revolutionary Army (NRA). The academy was established in May 1924[1] on Dane's Island (present dayChangzhou Island)[citation needed] in Huangpu, Guangzhou withChiang Kai-shek as superintendent.[2]Liao Zhongkai, the KMT treasury secretary, was the party's representative to the academy.Sun Yat-sen took the ceremonial position of the academy's premier.[3]
The Chinese faculty included graduates from theBaoding Military Academy, theYunnan Military Academy, and theImperial Japanese Army Academy. There were also a small number of Soviet instructors trained at theFrunze Military Academy;[4] they were the academy's primary instructors.[5] Members of theChinese Communist Party (CCP) were admitted as faculty and students as part of theFirst United Front.[4] The political instructors were mostly Communists, as was their director,Zhou Enlai.[6] The laterPeople's Liberation Army also recruited Whampoa graduates.[7]
The academy's provided a 6-12 month[3] military-political program incorporating Western pedagogical methods and practical exercises. Military training was primarily infantry-focused, but also included classes for artillery, engineers, logistics, and heavy weapons. Political training was based onSun Yat-sen'sThree Principles of the People, KMT history, and Western politics and economics.[4] The program was inferior to those provided by contemporary professional armies, but it gave the NRA an advantage over the less professional Chinese armies of theWarlord Era.[3] The first class of 490 graduated in November.[2]
The academy formed the first "model" regiment in October 1924, which suppressed an insurrection of angry merchants and their private militia forces late that month. The Whampoa force operated successfully during theGuangdong–Guangxi War and theYunnan–Guangxi War[2] before becoming the foundation of the NRA.[7]
By the start of theSecond Sino-Japanese War in 1937 the majority of Chinese divisions were commanded by Whampoa graduates.[3]
The original academy operated until 1926.[3] In 1928, following theNorthern Expedition, it was relocated toNanjing, the new capital, and renamed as the Central Military Academy. The CMA evacuated toChengdu in 1938 during the Second Sino-Japanese War.[citation needed]
At the end of the Chinese Civil War, the CMA evacuated to Kaohsiung on Taiwan and was renamed to the Republic of China Military Academy.[citation needed]
The site of the Whampoa Military Academy is now a museum.[citation needed]
In June 2024, PresidentLai Ching-te visited the ROC Military Academy on the occasion of its 100th anniversary celebration.[8]
| # | Start | End | Name | Photo | Class year | Notability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 2 May 1924 | October 1947 | Chiang Kai-shek |  | — | Generalissimo; 1stpresident of the Republic of China |
| 2. | October 1947 | September 1949 | Lt. Gen.Guan Linzheng (關麟徵) |  | — | General;ROC Army Commander-in-Chief |
| 3. | September 1949 | December 1949 | Lt. Gen.Chang Yao-ming (張耀明) | 1924 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| 4. | October 1950 | 31 October 1954 | Lt. Gen.Lo Yu-lun (羅友倫) | 1929 | General; ROC Combined Services Force Commander-in-Chief | |
| 5. | 1 September 1954 | 31 March 1957 | Lt. Gen.Hsieh Chao-chih (謝肇齊) | 1929 | Lieutenant general; vice president of theArmy, Navy and Air Force Joint Staff University | |
| 6. | 1 April 1957 | 31 December 1960 | Lt. Gen.Hsu Ju-cheng (徐汝誠) | 1929 | Lieutenant general; deputy chief of the General Staff for Operations,MND-GSH | |
| 7. | 1 January 1961 | March 1965 | Lt. Gen.Ai Ai (艾靉) | 1926 | Lieutenant general; deputy executiveMinister of National Defense | |
| 8. | March 1965 | 31 March 1970 | Lt. Gen.Chang Li-fu (張立夫) | 1929 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| 9. | 1 April 1970 | February 1973 | Lt. Gen.Lin Chu-yao (林初耀) | 1933 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| 10. | February 1973 | 31 March 1976 | Lt. Gen.Chin Tsu-hsi (秦祖熙) | 1937 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| 11. | 1 April 1976 | December 1977 | Lt. Gen.Yen Pai-chien (言百謙) | 1941 | General; director of the Joint Operations Training Department,MND | |
| 12. | December 1977 | December 1979 | Lt. Gen.Hsu Li-nung (許歷農) | 1939 | General; director of theGeneral Political Warfare Department,MND | |
| 13. | December 1979 | 30 June 1981 | Lt. Gen.Chu Chih-yuan (朱致遠) | 1939 | Lieutenant general;ROC Army Vice Commander-in-Chief | |
| 14. | 1 July 1981 | 30 June 1983 | Lt. Gen.Lu Kuang-yi (盧光義) | 1949 | Lieutenant general; director of the Military Intelligence Bureau,MND | |
| 15. | 1 July 1983 | 30 June 1985 | Lt. Gen.Huang Hsing-chiang (黃幸強) | 1949 | General;ROC Army Commander-in-Chief | |
| 16. | 1 July 1985 | December 1986 | Lt. Gen.Huang Yao-yu (黃耀羽) | 1952 | Lieutenant general; deputy director-general of theNational Security Bureau | |
| 17. | December 1986 | 30 June 1989 | Lt. Gen.Tang Yuan-pu (湯元普) | 1960 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| 18. | 1 July 1989 | 60 June 1991 | Lt. Gen.Hu Chia-chi (胡家麒) | 1961 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| 19. | 1 July 1991 | September 1993 | Lt. Gen.Yang Te-chih (楊德智) | 1964 | General; ROC Combined Services Force Commander-in-Chief | |
| 20. | September 1993 | July 1996 | Lt. Gen.Ma Teng-ho (馬登鶴) | 1960 | Lieutenant general; ROC Combined Services Force Vice Commander-in-Chief | |
| 21. | July 1996 | July 1997 | Lt. Gen.Tung Chao-yang (童兆陽) | 1965 | Lieutenant general;ROC Army Vice Commander-in-Chief | |
| 22. | July 1997 | January 1998 | Lt. Gen.Ting Yu-chou (丁渝洲) | 1966 | General; secretary-general of theNational Security Council | |
| 23. | January 1998 | 28 February 2002 | Lt. Gen.Chang Yueh-heng (張岳衡) | 1965 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| 24. | 1 March 2002 | 30 June 2005 | Lt. Gen.Yang Kuo-chiang (楊國強) | .jpg) | 1972 | Lieutenant general; incumbent director-general of theNational Security Bureau |
| 25. | 1 July 2005 | 30 June 2006 | Lt. Gen.Wang Ken-lin (王根林) | 1971 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| acting | 1 July 2006 | 31 July 2006 | Lt. Gen.Chia Fu-yi (賈輔義) | 1970 | Lieutenant general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy (acting) The rank of the superintendent was demoted from lieutenant general to major general by thedisarmaments policy of the then PresidentChen Shui-bian. | |
| 26. | 1 October 2006 | July 2010 | Maj. Gen.Chen Liang-pei (陳良沛) | 1979 | Major general; superintendent of the ROC Military Academy | |
| 27. | July 2010 | 30 June 2012 | Maj. Gen.Chuan Tzu-jui (全子瑞) |  | 1981 | Lieutenant general; incumbentROC Army Chief of Staff |
| 28. | 1 July 2012 | February 2015 | Maj. Gen.Liu Te-king (劉得金) | 1983 | Lieutenant general; incumbent director of the Telecommunications Development Office,MND-GSH | |
| 29. | February 2015 | present | Maj. Gen.Chang Chieh (張捷) | 1985 | Major general; incumbent superintendent of the ROC Military Academy |
The academy is within walking distance south ofDadong Station of theKaohsiung MRT.
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22°37′09.0″N120°21′56.2″E / 22.619167°N 120.365611°E /22.619167; 120.365611
