 | You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in Italian. (April 2022)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Renzo De Felice | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1929-04-08)8 April 1929 |
| Died | 25 May 1996(1996-05-25) (aged 67) Rome,Republic of Italy |
| Occupation | Historian, writer |
| Alma mater | Sapienza University of Rome |
| Genre | History |
| Subject | Benito Mussolini,Italian fascism andJacobinism |
| Literary movement | Historical revisionism |
| Notable works | History of the Jews under Fascism (1961) Biography of Mussolini (1965–1996) |
| Spouse | Livia De Ruggiero |
Renzo De Felice (8 April 1929 – 25 May 1996) was an Italian historian who specialized in the Fascist era. Among other works, he authored a 6000-page biography of Mussolini (4 volumes, 1965–1997). He argued that Mussolini was a revolutionary modernizer in domestic issues but a pragmatist in foreign policy who continued theRealpolitik policies of Italy from 1861 to 1922.[1] Historian of Italy Philip Morgan has called De Felice's biography of Mussolini "a very controversial, influential and at the same time problematic re-reading of Mussolini and Fascism" and rejected the contention that his work rose above politics to "scientific objectivity", as claimed by the author and his defenders.[2]
De Felice was born inRieti and studied underFederico Chabod andDelio Cantimori at theSapienza University of Rome. During his time as student, he was a member of theItalian Communist Party. After the Soviet repression of theHungarian Revolution of 1956, De Felice was among 101 Italian intellectuals who sharply criticized the party for backing of the Soviets.
He broke with it and joined theItalian Socialist Party. He taught history at theUniversity of Rome. He was married to Livia De Ruggiero. He died in Rome.
 | This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
De Felice is best known for a massive four-volume, eight-book biography ofBenito Mussolini that was almost finished when he died. De Felice was the founder and editor of the influential journalStoria Contemporanea. De Felice, a liberal Jew,[3] also wrote a well-regarded history of Jewish life under the Fascist government and articles on ItalianJacobinism.[citation needed]
De Felice's leading interest was in Fascism. In his view, there were two types of Fascism, "Fascism as a movement" and "Fascism as a regime". De Felice saw Fascism, especially in the "movement" stage, as a revolutionary middle-class ideology that had deep roots in theAge of Enlightenment. Moreover, De Felice insisted that it was not caused by fear of a proletarian revolution on the part of the lower middle classes, as leftist historiography maintained; but it was an assertive movement, originated by an emerging middle class in search for its proper role.[citation needed]
Fascism, as a regime, was seen by De Felice as nothing more than Mussolini's policy, which tended to make of fascist ideology just the superstructure of Mussolini's dictatorship and personal power. De Felice felt that fascism should be seen as valid political ideology, not just something to be demonized and dismissed in simplistic terms. He argued that studies on Fascism should get out from the political debate and become a historiographical issue based on scientific assertions.[citation needed]
Furthermore, De Felice insisted that there was no connection or valid comparisons to be drawn between Italian Fascism and GermanNational Socialism, which De Felice saw as being a completely different political ideology. Critics on the Left[who?] attacked De Felice for being too sympathetic to Italian Fascism. Giuliano Procacci,Paolo Alatri, Nicola Tranfaglia and others even accused De Felice of supporting Fascism. However, Italian communist leader and intellectual activistGiorgio Amendola came to De Felice's defence and rejected many of the criticisms of Giovanni Ferrara in 1975, calling for more civil dialogue on Fascism and Antifascism.[4] Although he acknowledged many of De Felice's discrepancies, Amendola endorsed some of De Felice's ideas, including the "revolutionary aspect in Fascism" and the theory that Mussolini's Fascist movement attracted many adherents among the populace.[5]
... a quei tempi De Felice venne addirittura accusato di filofascismo: lui, ebreo liberale che fino a allora si era occupato soprattutto della Rivoluzione francese.[... at that time, De Felice was even accused of being pro-fascist: he, a liberal Jew who until then had mainly focused on the French Revolution.]
