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| Reno | |
|---|---|
 The river nearSasso Marconi, at the beginning of its course in the Pianura Padana | |
 Location of the Reno River in Italy | |
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| Etymology | fromProto-Celtic*Rēnos,'raging flow' |
| Native name |
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| Location | |
| Country | Italy |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | TuscanApennines,Italy |
| Mouth | |
• location | Adriatic Sea |
| Length | 211.8 km (131.6 mi) |
| Basin size | 4,628 km2 (1,787 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 95 m3/s (3,400 cu ft/s) |
TheReno (Italian:[ˈrɛːno];Emilian:Raggn[ˈrɐɲː] orRänn[ˈræŋː]) is a river ofEmilia-Romagna andTuscany, northernItaly. At 211 km (131 mi),[1] it is the tenth longest river in Italy (the sixth longest of those that flow directly into the sea) and the most important of the region apart from thePo.[2]
It has adrainage basin of 4,628 square kilometres (1,787 sq mi).[1] The annual average discharge at the mouth is about 95 cubic metres per second (3,400 cu ft/s); at the point where the river flows into thePianura Padana (Po River Plain), it amounts to about 25 cubic metres per second (880 cu ft/s). The highest values registered at its outflow into the Po Plain have approached 2,300 cubic metres per second (81,000 cu ft/s), but the typical value when the river is in flood is around 1,000 cubic metres per second (35,000 cu ft/s).[2] The minimal discharge reported is 0.6 cubic metres per second (21 cu ft/s).
The name of the river has the same etymology as the name of theRhine, as both derive from the same Celtic hydronymRēnos, the Reno basin being situated withinGallia Cisalpina, in what was the territory of theBoii before theRoman conquest of 220 BC. InItalian both rivers are calledReno, and inLatin both were calledRhenus. In 43 BC the pact establishing theSecond Triumvirate was signed on an islet of the river nearBononia (Bologna).The river is mentioned byDante Alighieri in Canto XVIII of hisInferno where he defines theBolognesi as those "living between theSavena and the Reno".
The Reno gave its name to a department of theCispadane Republic (1796–1797), theCisalpine Republic (1797–1802), theItalian Republic (1802–1805) and theKingdom of Italy (1805–1814).[1]
The river rises at the north side of theApennine Mountains at about 1,010 m (3,310 ft) above sea level near the villagePrunetta in theprovince of Pistoia (Tuscany).[1] Its upper course marks the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna and it flows through a forested area crossed by thePistoia–Bologna railway.[2] Its upper valley is part of theNatura 2000 protected area Tre Limentre - Reno.[3] The upper basin is characterized by several reservoirs which are used forhydro-electric energy production.[2] The power produced in the basin of the Reno basin is second, forApennine rivers, only to that of theNera-Velino inUmbria.
AtCasalecchio di Reno, west ofBologna, it leaves the mountains and enters thePo Plain. The Reno was a tributary of thePo nearFerrara until the second half of the 18th century when its course was diverted to lessen the risk of devastating floods. It now joins theAdriatic Sea nearCasal Borsetti, south-east of theValli di Comacchio.[2]
The most important tributaries include theLimentra orientale,Silla,Setta,Samoggia,Idice,Sillaro,Santerno andSenio.[2]
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