Renhua 仁化县 Yanfa | |
|---|---|
 A public square in Renhua County | |
.png) Location in Guangdong | |
| Coordinates:25°05′10″N113°44′56″E / 25.086°N 113.749°E /25.086; 113.749 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| Prefecture-level city | Shaoguan |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,223 km2 (858 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
• Total | 200,354 |
| • Density | 90.13/km2 (233.4/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Renhua County (postal: Yanfa;simplified Chinese:仁化县;traditional Chinese:仁化縣;pinyin:Rénhuà Xiàn) is acounty in the northernmost portion ofGuangdong province, inChina, borderingJiangxi to the northeast andHunan to the northwest. It is under the administration of theprefecture-level city ofShaoguan. Renhua County spans an area of 2,223 square kilometres (858 mi2),[1] and has a population of 200,354 as of the2010 Chinese Census.[2]
During his reign,Nanyue emperorZhao Tuo oversaw the construction of the city ofGuqincheng [zh] in present-dayChengkou [zh], Renhua County.[2] Upon the Nanyue capitulation to the Han dynasty, the area of present-day Renhua County was incorporated as Qujiang County (simplified Chinese:曲江县;traditional Chinese:曲江縣;pinyin:Qūjiāng Xiàn).[2]
In 479 CE,[3] during theSouthern Qi,[2] Renhua County was carved out of Qujiang County.[2] However, during theLiang dynasty, Renhua County was merged back into Qujiang County.[2]
In 688 CE, during the reign ofEmperor Ruizong of theTang dynasty, Renhua County was re-established.[2] Renhua County remained intact until 973 CE, during the reign ofEmperor Taizu of theSong dynasty, when it was merged into Lechang County (simplified Chinese:乐昌县;traditional Chinese:樂昌縣;pinyin:Lèchāng Xiàn).[2] In 1000 CE, under the reign ofEmperor Zhenzong, Renhua County was again re-established.[2]
In 1949, thePeople's Liberation Army took control of Renhua County as part of Beijiang zone ofGuangdong.[3][dead link] TheCommunist government then established the People's Government of Renhua County (Chinese:仁化县人民政府;pinyin:Rénhuà Xiàn Rénmín Zhèngfǔ).[3][dead link]
In 1958, Renhua County was abolished and placed under the direct jurisdiction ofShaoguan.[2] Renhua County was re-established in 1961.[2]
In 1968, the Renhua County people's committee was withdrawn, and a revolutionary committee was established, which belongs to the revolutionary committee of Shaoguan District.[citation needed]
In 1980, People's Government of Renhua County was restored and put under the jurisdiction of Shaoguan District.[citation needed]
In 1983,Shaoguan was upgraded to aprefecture.
Renhua County is located in the far north ofGuangdong province, and borders theprovinces ofJiangxi andHunan.[1] It bordersShixing County andNanxiong to the east,Qujiang District to the south,Lechang andZhenjiang District to the west,Rucheng County in Hunan province to the north, and bothChongyi County andDayu County in Jiangxi province to the northeast.[1]
Thecounty is located along the southern foot of theNanling Mountains, and has mostly mountainous terrain.[1]
Renhua is located just north of theTropic of Cancer.
It has asubtropical monsoon climate (Köppen classification Cfa).[1] The average annual temperature is 19.9 °C (67.8 °F), the average annual rainfall is 1,660.8 millimetres (65.39 in), and the average frost-free period lasts 308 days.
| Climate data for Renhua, elevation 113 m (371 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) | 30.9 (87.6) | 32.6 (90.7) | 34.2 (93.6) | 36.1 (97.0) | 37.7 (99.9) | 40.9 (105.6) | 40.6 (105.1) | 38.5 (101.3) | 36.3 (97.3) | 33.0 (91.4) | 29.1 (84.4) | 40.9 (105.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 29.1 (84.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 34.1 (93.4) | 34.0 (93.2) | 31.7 (89.1) | 28.0 (82.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 25.4 (77.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 15.1 (59.2) | 20.4 (68.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.1 (82.6) | 26.0 (78.8) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 11.3 (52.3) | 20.1 (68.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 17.2 (63.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 12.6 (54.7) | 7.5 (45.5) | 16.6 (61.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | −2.3 (27.9) | 0.4 (32.7) | 5.1 (41.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 14.5 (58.1) | 5.5 (41.9) | 0.6 (33.1) | −4.8 (23.4) | −4.8 (23.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 83.0 (3.27) | 99.7 (3.93) | 188.6 (7.43) | 199.6 (7.86) | 283.9 (11.18) | 251.7 (9.91) | 161.4 (6.35) | 163.1 (6.42) | 96.4 (3.80) | 56.0 (2.20) | 62.5 (2.46) | 55.6 (2.19) | 1,701.5 (67) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.5 | 13.9 | 19.5 | 18.2 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 15.2 | 15.1 | 11.8 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 168.5 |
| Average snowy days | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 80 | 81 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 79 | 80 | 79 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 80 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 93.3 | 81.1 | 69.9 | 95.1 | 127.0 | 149.0 | 222.8 | 211.8 | 184.5 | 181.7 | 149.8 | 136.7 | 1,702.7 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 28 | 25 | 19 | 25 | 31 | 36 | 53 | 53 | 50 | 51 | 46 | 42 | 38 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
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Renhua County administers 1subdistrict and 10towns.[6] Thesetownship-level divisions then, in turn, administer 109village-level divisions.[1]
Thecounty's sole subdistrict isDanxia Subdistrict [zh],[6] which houses the county government.
The county administers the towns ofWenshao [zh],Fuxi [zh],Changjiang [zh],Chengkou [zh],Hongshan [zh],Shitang [zh],Dongtang [zh],Daqiao,Zhoutian [zh], andHuangkeng [zh].[6]
As of the2010 Chinese Census, Renhua County has a population of 200,354, up from the 163,213 recorded in the2000 Chinese Census.[2] A 2011 estimate put Renhua County's population at 201,700 people, and a 2008 report stated Renhua County had 229,861hukou holders.[2] In 1996, Renhua County's population was estimated at 180,000.[2]
The most commonly spoken languages in Renhua County areCantonese,[7]Mandarin, andHakka.[citation needed] Some of towns speakingShaozhou Tuhua (Sat Na Wa).[citation needed]
Notable natural features in Renhua County includeMount Danxia (丹霞山),[1] and Mount Wanshi Grassland (万时山大草原), one of the raregrasslands inGuangdong province. Historical attractions includeShuangfeng Fort [zh] (双峰寨),[1]Guqincheng [zh] in thetown ofChengkou [zh] (城口古秦城),[1]Yunlong Pagoda [zh] (云龙寺塔), andSixi Pagoda [zh] (澌溪寺塔).
Mount Danxia is a Danxia landform designated as aWorld Heritage Site, aNational Scenic Area [zh], aNational Nature Reserve, aNational Geopark, and aNational 5A Tourist Attraction.[1] Nicknamed "The Red Stone Park of China", it is the largest attraction by area in Guangdong province, covering 292 square kilometres (113 mi2).[citation needed] It is formed by red lake and river gravel rock from 70 thousand years.[citation needed] In addition, it has the shape most abundant among Danxia land-form, especially the male and female stone.[citation needed][clarification needed] It is mainly divided into the Danxia scenic area, Shao Shi Xian traveled scenic, attractions, scenic spots and scenic Jinjiang gallery.[citation needed][clarification needed] In 1988, Mount Danxia was listed as aNational Park of China, aNational Nature Reserve, aNational Geopark, and aNational 5A Tourist Attraction.[citation needed] In 2004, Danxia Mountain was listed as aUNESCO Global Geopark. Mount Danxia has a lot of resources including 1,916 kind of plants, 88 mammals, 288 birds, 86 reptiles, 37 amphibians, 100 fishes and 1,023 insects.[citation needed]
The highest point in Renhua County isMount Wanshi [zh], which serves as the tripoint between Renhua County,Rucheng County inHunan, andChongyi County inJiangxi.[8] The mountain is also known as Mount Sishui (Chinese:汜水山;pinyin:Sìshuǐ Shān) in Hunan, and Mount Fanzi (Chinese:范子山;pinyin:Fànzi Shān) in Jiangxi.[8] Mount Wanshi reaches 1,559.38 metres (5,116.1 ft) in elevation, and is located 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Mount Danxia.[8] Like Mount Danxia, Mount Wanshi is a Danxia landform.[8] Mount Wanshi is the source of theJin River.[8]
Mount Wanshi was the site of battles during theChinese Civil War, and part of theLong March passed through Mount Wanshi.[8]
The annual average temperature of this special area is 17.8 °C (64.0 °F), the annual average rainfall is 1,600 millimetres (63 in), and there are more than 100 types of animals and more than 30 types of plants.[citation needed] Mount Wanshi is a popular regional destination forecotourism.[8]
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Built in 1915, Shuangfeng Fort is located in the town ofShitang [zh], 19 km (12 mi) to the west of Renhua County's center. It covers 11.3 km2 (4.4 sq mi). Shuangfeng Fort served as a defensive fort, made from limestone and ancient black brick which made it very strong. The fort is surrounded by a 4.878 square kilometres (1.883 mi2) moat. In 1928, forces from the Red Army and the Kuomintang fought at Shuangfeng Fort. In 2006, Shuangfeng Fort was approved by theState Council on the sixth batch ofnational key cultural relic unit under state protection list.
Located inChengkou [zh],[2] Guqincheng is 38 km (24 mi) to the north of the county center.[citation needed] It controlled the route from Guangdong Province to Hunan Province as it east village was fixed up the city group, south * en streams (where the west water), west street, north to SanJiaoPing to old salt.[citation needed][clarification needed] With a height of 6.2 metres (6.8 yd), and a width of 4.5 metres (4.9 yd), Chengkou Guqincheng was listed as a county-level cultural relic protection unit in 1982.[citation needed] It was built under the administration ofNanyue emperorZhao Tuo,[2] but was rebuilt inQing dynasty after being destroyed.[citation needed]
Located inDongtang [zh], Yunlong Pagoda is apagoda built between 894 CE and 901 CE, during the Tang dynasty.[9] The pagoda was originally called Xishan Pagoda (Chinese:西山寺塔;pinyin:Xīshān Sìtǎ), but was renamed in theQing dynasty.[9] Yunlong Pagoda has a rectangular shape, and is five stories in height, with the top reaching 10.34 metres (11.31 yd) high.[9] The length of the first floor is 2 metres (2.2 yd), although higher floors have a smaller area.[9] The pagoda's architecture is distinct to theTang dynasty.[9]
In January 1988, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.[9]
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Also located in Dongtang, Sixi Pagoda faces Yunlong Pagoda across Sixi Mountain. It was built in 1075 and listed as the second paper unit of Guangdong Province.[clarification needed] The tower has a height of 23.14 metres (25.31 yd) and made of brick. It not only has an architectural feature of Tang Dynasty, but with the style ofSong dynasty. It is a loft-style tower which made of examinations in the imitation wood for external, the door with arch plane, shape likes flat square, round flat seat Chuanxin wall internal, with blue bricks' Chuanxin ladder, can connect to the top floor.[clarification needed]
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Cuisine in Renhua County includes Shitang rice wine, Field-snail casserole, Hongshan white-hair tea, Danxia pickled radish, Huangkeng citrus Gonggan, and Xiafupomelo.
Shitang rice wine has a history of more than 300 years. The unique taste is attributed to the requirement that it must be made with local water. The foam from Shitang Rice Wine often accumulates in cups, giving it the nickname "stacking flowers".
Field-snail casserole is one of the local feather foodies.[clarification needed] The dish is made with locally plantedbetel nut palm. It is locally used to dispel the cold.
Hongshan white-hair tea was used as a royaltribute during theQing dynasty. The tea is a kind ofgreen tea which has the leaves' white "hair" in it. The tea tastes sweet and delicate, and is the first of three white-hair tea in China.
Danxia Pickled Radish is made a by local secret recipe, and is round, crispy, and acidic.
Huangkeng citrus Gonggang is grown inHuangkeng [zh], which neighborsMount Danxia. Huangkeng has a special climate and soil condition which is suitable for Gonggan growing. Huangkeng citrus Gonggang is characterized by its uniquely thin skin, seedless-ness, and sweetflesh.
Xiafu pomelo is sweet and fragrant. With its climate and soil conditions the shape, flesh, and taste of Xiafu pomelo is the similar to pomelo from ShatianGuangxi.
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