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| Company type | Statutory corporation |
|---|---|
| Industry | Rail transport |
| Predecessor | Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles |
| Founded | 1 January 2005 |
| Headquarters | , Spain |
Area served | Spain andFrance |
Key people | Isaías Táboas (CEO), Enrique Peña Pérez, Manuel Fresno Castro, José Luis Marroquín |
| Products | Rail passenger andfreight transport |
| Revenue |  €4.12 billion(2024)[1] |
| (€2,9 million)(2024)[1] | |
| Total assets | €10.8 billion(2024) |
| Owner | Government of Spain |
Number of employees | 19,861(2024)[1] |
| Subsidiaries |
|
| Website | renfe.com |
Renfe (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈreɱfe],Eastern Catalan:[ˈreɱfə]), officiallyRenfe-Operadora, isSpain's nationalstate-owned railway company.[2]
It was created in 2005 upon the split of the formerSpanish National Railway Network (RENFE) into theAdministrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), which inherited the infrastructure, and Renfe-Operadora, which inherited the railway service.
The name "Renfe" (acronym ofRedNacional de losFerrocarrilesEspañoles) is derived from that of the former Spanish National Railway Network created on 24 January 1941 with thenationalisation of Spain's railways. As perEU Directive 91/440, Renfe was divided into Renfe Operadora (operations) and ADIF (infrastructure) on 1 January 2005. At the same time, the existing Renfe logo (nicknamed the "galleta", Spanish for biscuit), first introduced in 1971, was replaced by a dark purple lower-casewordmark designed by Interbrand. Separate logos used by the other sectors were also replaced, but the old Renfe logo remains in use in some stations in Spain and on maps to indicate an ADIF station.
TheRailway Sector Act, 2003 separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. The first activity is now the responsibility ofAdministrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), while the newly created Renfe-Operadora (also known as Grupo Renfe or simply Renfe) owns the rolling stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing and operation of the passenger and freight services.[3] This same process was followed inFEVE in 2012, whereby its infrastructure and services were merged in Adif and Renfe.[4]
Renfe no longer has a monopoly on domestic passenger services due toOuigo España launching in 2021, followed byIryo in 2022.[citation needed]
Renfe-Operadora inherited the management model of the old Renfe, which made Renfe-Operadora responsible for the operation of the passenger and freight services. In January 2006, Renfe-Operadora restructured the main business units into four general directorates:
In June 2013, Renfe's board agreed to restructure the group into four separate companies under the holding company:[5][6]
| Figures[7] | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passengers (Mio.)[8] | 527,975 | 517,583 | 510,176 | 476,334 | 463,012 | 476,917 | 472,145 | 466,057 | 464,961 | 465,201 | 471,359 | 487,881 | 507,088 | 510,453 |
| Passenger-kilometer (Mio.) | 20,480 | 20,167 | 22,281 | 21,895 | 21,166 | 21,585 | 21,319 | 22,563 | 23,754 | 24,825 | 25,291 | 26,060 | 26,931 | 27,263 |
| AVE Passengers (Tsd.) | 4.878 | 5.559 | 11.461 | 11.250 | 10.851 | 12.563 | 12.101 | 14.697 | 17.967 | 19.428 | 20.352 | 21.108 | 21.332 | 22.370 |
| AVE Passenger-kilometer (Tsd.) | 1.884 | 2.161 | 4.888 | 5.260 | 5.171 | 5.846 | 5.793 | 7.095 | 8.038 | 9.230 | 9.632 | 10.267 | 10.289 | 10.760 |
The company operates some 12,000 km (7,500 mi) of railways, 7,000 km (4,300 mi) of them electrified. Most of the tracks are constructed to thebroadIberian gauge of1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in), the same as that used inPortugal but wider than the international gauge of1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) which is standard in most of the rest of the world. The newerhigh-speed (AVE) network has been built to the internationalstandard gauge of1,435 mm for the connection to the rest of the European railway system. For this reason, the1,435 mm gauge is generally termed "European gauge" in Spain.[citation needed]
Construction of ahigh-speed rail line betweenMadrid andSeville began in 1988 and began operations in 1991, going 300 km/h (190 mph). The second high-speed rail line (Madrid toBarcelona) was completed in 2007 with the inaugural service commencing on 20 February 2008. The operational speed on this route is 350 km/h (220 mph). The greater part of the line (Madrid toLleida) entered service on 11 October 2003, with a connection toHuesca fromZaragoza. The third high-speed line (Madrid toToledo) was opened in November 2005, followed by a spur fromCórdoba toMálaga as far asAntequera in 2007. Another high-speed route from Madrid toValladolid was opened in 2007. A line from Madrid toValencia was opened in 2010, and the first stage of a high-speed line inGalicia opened in 2011. A line toLisbon is being designed.[citation needed]
Other lines operated by Renfe includeEuromed, a moderate-speed line between Barcelona and Alicante.
In addition tointercity transport, Renfe operatescommuter train systems, known asCercanías (orRodalies in Catalonia andCercanías-Aldirikoak in the Basque Country), in eleven metropolitan areas, including Madrid and Barcelona. In some cities, Renfe shares the market with other commuter railway operators, such asFGC.
In 2019, Renfe solicited bids for 31 new trains for the Asturias and Cantabria regions and the €258m contract was awarded to the CAF (Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles) in June 2020. Around February 2023, authorities discovered the designs were for the wrong loading gauge and would be too wide for the tunnels.[9] Amidst international embarrassment, Renfe and ADIF each tried to deflect responsibility, and some called for the firing of the executives deemed responsible. Fortunately, the trains were still being designed, however theCercanía commuter trains will be delayed until 2026.[10][11][9] Subsequently, transport officials including the president of Renfe and the Secretary of State for Transport resigned.[12]
In November 2024, Renfe bought a 33% shareholding inArenaways.[13][14]
Renfe-Operadora utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products inside of its two divisions:
| Rolling stock | Region(s) | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Renfe Class 433EMU | Asturias | .jpg) |
| Renfe Class 435 EMU | Asturias |  |
| Renfe Class 436 EMU | Asturias Basque Country Cantabria | .jpg) |
| Renfe Class 438 EMU | Cantabria |  |
| Renfe Class 442 EMU | Madrid |  |
| Renfe Class 526DMU | Asturias Castile and León |  |
| Renfe Class 529 DMU | Castile and León Galicia Murcia |  |
| Rolling stock | Route(s) | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Renfe Class 440/470 EMU(to be phased out) | Córdoba – Rabanales León – Ponferrada – Vigo León – Gijón Valladolid – Santander Valladolid – Ávila Valladolid – León Valencia − Barcelona Valencia − Alicante |  |
| Renfe Class 448 EMU | Catalunya Aragón | .jpg) |
| Renfe Class 449 EMU | Madrid – Jaén León – Ponferrada – Orense – Vigo Sevilla – Cádiz Barcelona – Girona – Figueres – Portbou Huelva – Sevilla Jaén – Córdoba – Sevilla – Cadiz Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Albacete Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Ciudad Real Alicante – Albacete – Ciudad Real Madrid − León Madrid – Vitoria Irun - Vitoria - Miranda de Ebro Córdoba – Bobadilla Barcelona – Reus Barcelona – Tortosa |  |
| Renfe Class 592 DMU(to be phased out) | Madrid – Talavera Murcia – Cartagena Valencia − Alcoi CELTA: Oporto - Vigo (Service CP) |  |
| Renfe Class 594 DMU | Valladolid – Zamora – Puebla de Sanabria A Coruña – Ferrol A Coruña – Lugo – Monforte de Lemos - Ourense Madrid – Soria Murcia – Cartagena | .jpg) |
| Renfe Class 598 DMU | Cáceres – Valencia de Alcántara Sevilla – Cáceres - Madrid |  |
| Renfe Class 599 DMU | Madrid – Badajoz Huelva – Zafra A Coruña – Vigo Guixar Salamanca – Ávila – Madrid Salamanca – Palencia Valencia – Cartagena Zaragoza – Valencia Zaragoza – Cartagena Sevilla – Málaga Sevilla – Almería Granada – Algeciras Málaga – Ronda Granada – Linares Madrid − Águilas |  |
| Rolling stock | Region(s) | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Renfe Class 524 DMU | Ferrol – Oviedo Oviedo – SantanderSantander – Bilbao |  |
| Renfe Class 527 DMU | Ferrol – Oviedo Oviedo – SantanderSantander – BilbaoBilbao – León |  |
| Rolling stock | Route(s) | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Renfe Class 104 EMU | Madrid – Toledo Madrid – Ciudad Real Málaga – Granada Sevilla – Córdoba Barcelona – Camp De Tarragona Sevilla - Málaga |  |
| Renfe Class 114 EMU | Madrid – Puertollano Madrid – Valladolid Barcelona – Figueres Barcelona – Lleida Sevilla – Granada | .jpg) |
| Renfe Class 121 EMU | Cádiz – Jaén A Coruña – Ourense A Coruña – Vigo Urzaiz Madrid – Ponferrada Ponferrada-Vigo Madrid – Gandia Madrid-Salamanca |  |
| Service | Route(s) | Locomotive | Passenger Car | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al Ándalus | Sevilla - Granada - Úbeda - Sevilla | Renfe Class 319.3 Locomotive | Al Ándalus | .jpg) |
| Costa Verde Express | Bilbao - Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela - Bilbao | Feve Class 1900 Locomotive | El Transcantábrico | .jpg) |
| El Transcantábrico Gran Lujo | San Sebastián–Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela–San Sebastián | Feve Class 1900 Locomotive | El Transcantábrico | .jpg) |
| La Robla Express | "La Robla Route:" Bilbao - León León - Bilbao "Pilgrim's Route:" Oviedo - Ortigueira - Santiago de Compostela - Oviedo | Feve Class 1650 Locomotive | La Robla |  |
| Service(s) | Route(s) | Locomotive | Passenger Car | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercity | Madrid – Algeciras Madrid – Granada Madrid – Murcia – Cartagena Madrid – Almería Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca Madrid – Cáceres – Badajoz | Renfe Class 334 Locomotive | Talgo Pendular |  |
| Madrid – Almería Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca Madrid – Valencia | Renfe Class 252 Locomotive | Talgo Pendular | .jpg) |
| Service | Rolling stock | Route(s) | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| AVE | Renfe Class 100 EMU | Madrid – Sevilla Madrid – Castellón Huesca–Sevilla |  |
| Renfe Class 102 EMU | Madrid – León Madrid – Huesca[15] Valencia – Sevilla | .jpg) | |
| Renfe Class 103 EMU | Madrid – Barcelona – Figueres[15] Madrid – Málaga[16] Barcelona – Málaga | .jpg) | |
| Renfe Class 106 EMU | Gijón–Castellón Madrid–Gijón Madrid–A Coruña Madrid–Vigo Madrid – Murcia Madrid – Marseille Barcelona – Lyon[17] |  | |
| Renfe Class 112 EMU | Madrid – Alicante Madrid – Burgos[18] Madrid – Cuenca – Valencia[19] Madrid – Granada Madrid – Murcia Madrid – Ourense Alicante – Ourense Alicante – León[20] Barcelona – Granada Barcelona – Sevilla Burgos – Valencia Málaga – Murcia León – Valencia[20] |  | |
| Alvia(mixed high-speed & conventional service) | Renfe Class 120 EMU | Madrid – Pamplona Madrid – Logroño Madrid – Irún/Hendaya Madrid – Bilbao Madrid – Salamanca Madrid – Santander Madrid – Huelva Barcelona – Bilbao Barcelona – San Sebastian Torre del Oro: Barcelona – Valencia – Sevilla – Cádiz | .jpg) |
| Renfe Class 130 EMU | Madrid – Avilés Madrid – Cádiz Alicante – Gijón Alicante – Santander Barcelona – A Coruña Barcelona – Vigo Barcelona – Salamanca Euromed: Barcelona – Valencia – Alicante | .jpg) | |
| Renfe Class 730 HMU | Madrid – Algeciras Madrid – Almeria Madrid – Ferrol Madrid – Vigo Madrid – Lugo Madrid – Badajoz |  |
| Service | Rolling stock | Image |
|---|---|---|
| AVE | Renfe Class 105 EMU | _en_proves_per_Vilafant.jpg) |
| Service | Rolling stock | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Cercanías | Renfe Class 452 EMU | 152 |
| Renfe Class453 EMU | 59 | |
| Renfe Class 412 and 413 EMU | 26 | |
| Renfe Class 402 EMU | 6 | |
| Media Distancia | Unknown Iberian Gauge CAF EMU | 28 |
| Renfe Class 714 BMU | 5 | |
| AVE | Renfe Class 106 EMU | 30 |
| Renfe Class 107 EMU | 13 |
All classes are designated by three numbers. The first digit has a special meaning:
Travel tickets are available from rail stations and online. In 2023 theEuropean Commission initiated an investigation into concerns that Renfe might have been abusing itsdominant position in the online ticketing market by refusing to share journey time information with competing ticketing websites. Renfe offered a number of commitments intended to address these concerns, which the European Commission made legally binding in January 2024 under the EU'scompetition rules.[21]
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