Aregional council (Consiglio regionale) inItaly is the elected legislative assembly of aregion of Italy. InEmilia-Romagna andSicily, the legislative bodies are called theLegislative Assembly of Emilia-Romagna and theSicilian Regional Assembly, officially nicknamed asSicilian Parliament, respectively.
Theregional idea was born, in Italy, during the nationalRisorgimento and the first decades after theunification of Italy, but any proposal was rejected until theSecond World War. After the collapse offascism and the end of the war a violent independence movement that led to the institution of the region and the concession of theStatute, based on the model offederal states was born in Sicily. A similar route followedFriuli-Venezia Giulia,Sardinia,Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol andValley of Aosta.
The other regions were instituted by theConstitution of 1948, but the first elections of regional councils were in 1970.[1]
Councils had the power to elect the president and other members (assessors) of regional government (Giunta Regionale). With the constitutional reforms of 1999 and 2001, they lost these powers (because the president is elected by the people and the assessors are appointed by the president). On the other hand, the regional councils obtained a lot of new legislative powers, including the regional electoral system, which had been decided by the State.
The Sicilian Assembly has the powers of a parliament, and its members have the same status of the national MPs and the European MEPs.
Until the 1990s, all councils were elected withproportional representation. In order to prevent political instability, a new electoral law, calledLegge Tatarella, was introduced for the ordinary regions in 1995, and gradually extended with little changes to the other regions. Now, the coalition of parties that receives the biggest number of votes obtains the absolute majority of the council's seats, and its leader is elected as the President of the region. In Aosta Valley the President is elected by the council. In Trentino- South Tirol, the council is the joint session of the two provincial councils, each one with its own electoral law.
The 20 Italian regional councils are as follows:
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