| Red forest duiker | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Genus: | Cephalophus |
| Species: | C. natalensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Cephalophus natalensis A. Smith, 1834 | |
 | |
| Distribution of red forest duiker | |
Thered forest duiker,Natal duiker, orNatal red duiker (Cephalophus natalensis) is a smallantelope found in central to southernAfrica. It is one of 22 extant species form the subfamilyCephalophinae. While the red forest duiker is very similar to thecommon duiker, it is smaller in size and has a distinguishing reddish coloring. Additionally, the red forest duiker favors a denser bush habitat than the common duiker.[2] The Natal red duiker is morediurnal and less secretive than most forest duikers, so therefore it is easier for them to be observed.[3] In 1999, red forest duikers had an estimated wild population of 42,000 individuals.[1]
Red forest duikers have a body length of up to 1 m (3.3 ft), a typical shoulder height of 43 cm (17 in), and an average mass of 14 kg (31 lb).[2][4] Both sexes have short, straight horns about 6 cm (2.4 in) long, although in females they may be smaller in size.[2][4] Towards the base, the horns have coarse rings and longitudinalstriations, but they are smooth towards the tips.[5] The longest recorded length of horns for the red forest duiker is 11 cm (4.3 in).[2]
The red forest duiker is a rich reddish-brown in color, although the underparts are typically paler.[2] The hairs on the chin, throat, and insides of the ears are commonly a shade of white.[2] A tuft of reddish-brown and black hairs grow between the horns, and the tail has a white tip.[2]
A notable characteristic of the Natal red duiker's appearance is its hunched back, with front legs shorter than the hind legs.[4] These longer hind legs are in a crouched position, which serves as an advantage when the duiker senses danger and needs to flee by allowing the individual to leap quickly into nearby bush.[6]
Red forest duikers tend to roam singly, in pairs, or small family groups, and it is rare to see a group of more than three individuals.[5][6]The cry of red forest duikers is rather distinctive, loud, and penetrating, sounding somewhere between a snort and a whistle.[6] The call of a duiker becomes a throaty cry when the animal is distressed.[6] When the duiker has been spotted by apredator, it will first freeze, and then bound away with the characteristic duiker diving motion into the safety of the thick bush. Some of the common predators of the red duiker includeeagles,pythons, andleopards.[6]
Also, red forest duikers are quite territorial, and they often mark their territory by using a substance secreted from the maxillary glands near their eyes.[4] A duiker will practice thisscent marking by rubbing its face on grass, twigs, bark or other surfaces to indicate its territorial boundaries.[4] Sometimes, the Natal red duiker will even mark its territory on its mate or calf.[4]
Red forest duikers browse on leaves, flowers, and fruits that have fallen from trees as well as low-growing shrubs.[6][7] This usually occurs during daylight, although in heavily disturbed areas duikers can becomenocturnal.[7] They are concentrate feeders, as they do not have the ability to digestfiber well.[6]
On average, thegestation period for a red duiker is about 8 months.[4] When the young are born, they are a reddish-black, with a reddish-brown face.[6] Usually a singlecalf is born, at any time of year.[6] The young weigh about one kilogram at birth, and they will stay with their mother for approximately six to eight months.[5] Males are not involved in rearing young, but nonetheless both sexes will respond to a distress call from the calf.[5]Red forest duikers have a potentiallongevity of 9 years, although some have lived up to 15 years in captivity.[2][3]
Red forest duikers reside in forest and dense bush habitats in both mountainous and coastal areas, where surface water is readily available.[2]
This species can be found in southeasternTanzania,Malawi, extreme northeasternZambia,Mozambique,Eswatini, southeasternZimbabwe, and northeastSouth Africa.[3]Red forest duikers can be found inKruger National Park, Hluhluwe-Umfolozi National Park, andTembe Elephant Park.[6]
The red forest duiker's biggest threat is the clearing of its natural habitat, either for agriculture or human habitation.[6]Natal red duikers have disappeared from large parts of their formerrange, largely as a result of the loss of suitable habitat in the face of expanding human settlement, agriculture, and hunting. Nonetheless, it remains locally common within its former range.[8]Despite the decreasing population trends, the red forest duiker retains a status of Least Concern by theIUCN.[8]
1. The red forest duiker has an extraordinary jumping ability when compared to otherungulates, easily clearing 1.3 meter tall nets.[9]
2. Duiker is a word meaning 'diver' inDutch, which refers to their practice of diving into tangles of shrubbery.
