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This article contains a list oflibraries that can be used in.NET languages. These languages require.NET Framework,Mono, or.NET, which provide a basis forsoftware development, platform independence, language interoperability and extensive framework libraries.Standard Libraries (including theBase Class Library) are not included in this article.

Apps created with .NET Framework or .NET run in a software environment known as theCommon Language Runtime (CLR),^[1] anapplication virtual machine that provides services such as security,memory management, andexception handling. The framework includes a large class library calledFramework Class Library (FCL).

Thanks to the hosting virtual machine, differentlanguages that are compliant with the .NET Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) can operate on the same kind of data structures. These languages can therefore use the FCL and other .NET libraries that are also written in one of the CLI compliant languages. When the source code of such languages are compiled, the compiler generates platform-independent code in theCommon Intermediate Language (CIL, also referred to asbytecode), which is stored inCLI assemblies. When a .NET app runs, thejust-in-time compiler (JIT) turns the CIL code into platform-specific machine code. To improve performance, .NET Framework also comes with theNative Image Generator (NGEN), which performs ahead-of-time compilation to machine code.

This architecture provideslanguage interoperability. Each language can use code written in other languages. Calls from one language to another are exactly the same as would be within a single programming language. If a library is written in one CLI language, it can be used in other CLI languages. Moreover, apps that consist only of pure .NET assemblies, can be transferred to any platform that contains an implementation of CLI and run on that platform. For example, apps written using .NET can run on Windows,macOS, and various versions ofLinux.

.NET apps or their libraries, however, may depend on native platform features, e.g.COM. As such, platform independence of .NET apps depends on the ability to transfer necessary native libraries to target platforms. In 2019, theWindows Forms andWindows Presentation Foundation portions of .NET Framework were made open source.^[2]

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There are four primary .NET implementations that are actively developed and maintained:

• .NET Framework: The original .NET implementation that has existed since 2002. While not yet discontinued, Microsoft does not plan on releasing its next major version, 5.0.^[3]
• Mono: A cross-platform implementation of .NET Framework byXimian, introduced in 2004. It is free and open-source. It is now developed byXamarin, a subsidiary of Microsoft.
• Universal Windows Platform (UWP): An implementation of .NET used for buildingUWP apps. It's designed to unify development for different targeted types of devices, including PCs, tablets, phablets, phones, and theXbox.
• .NET: Across-platform re-implementation of .NET Framework, introduced in 2016 and initially called.NET Core. It isfree and open-source. .NET superseded .NET Framework with the release of .NET 5.^[4]

Each implementation of .NET includes the following components:

• One or more runtime environments, e.g.Common Language Runtime (CLR) for .NET Framework andCoreCLR for .NET
• A class library

The.NET Standard is a set of commonAPIs that are implemented in theBase Class Library of any .NET implementation. The class library of each implementation must implement the .NET Standard, but may also implement additional APIs. Traditionally, .NET apps targeted a certain version of a .NET implementation, e.g. .NET Framework 4.6.^[5][6] Starting with the .NET Standard, an app can target a version of the .NET Standard and then it could be used (without recompiling) by any implementation that supports that level of the standard. This enables portability across different .NET implementations.

The following table lists the .NET implementations that adhere to the .NET Standard and the version number at which each implementation became compliant with a given version of .NET Standard. For example, according to this table, .NET Core 3.0 was the first version of .NET Core that adhered to .NET Standard 2.1. This means that any version of .NET Core bigger than 3.0 (e.g. .NET Core 3.1) also adheres to .NET Standard 2.1.

First released in 2002, ASP.NET is an open-source server-side web application framework designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It is the successor to Microsoft'sActive Server Pages (ASP) technology, built on theCommon Language Runtime (CLR).

ASP.NET was completely rewritten in 2016 as a modular web framework, together with other frameworks likeEntity Framework. The re-written framework uses the new open-source .NET Compiler Platform (also known by its codename "Roslyn") and is cross platform. The programming modelsASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages (a model using onlyRazor pages) were merged into a unified MVC 6.^[10]

Blazor is afree and open-sourceweb framework that enables developers to createSingle-pageWeb apps usingC# andHTML inASP.NET Razor pages ("components"). Blazor is part of theASP.NET Core framework. Blazor Server apps are hosted on a web server, while Blazor WebAssembly apps are downloaded to the client's web browser before running. In addition, a Blazor Hybrid framework is available with server-based and client-based application components.

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This is a computer vision and artificial intelligence library. It implements a number of genetic, fuzzy logic and machine learning algorithms with several architectures of artificial neural networks with corresponding training algorithms.

This is a cross-platform open source numerical analysis and data processing library. It consists of algorithm collections written in different programming languages (C++, C#, FreePascal, Delphi, VBA) and has dual licensing – commercial andGPL.

This library aims to provide methods and algorithms for numerical computations in science, engineering and everyday use. Covered topics include special functions, linear algebra, probability models, random numbers, interpolation, integral transforms and more. MIT/X11 license.^[11]

This is a library for advanced scientific computation in the .NET Framework.

This is afree softwaremachine learninglibrary. The preview release of ML.NET included transforms for feature engineering like n-gram creation, and learners to handle binary classification, multi-class classification, and regression tasks. Additional ML tasks like anomaly detection and recommendation systems have since been added, and other approaches like deep learning will be included in future versions.

This is a high performance, typesafe numerical array set of classes and functions for general math, FFT and linear algebra. The library, developed for .NET/Mono, aims to provide 32- and 64-bit script-like syntax in C#, 2D & 3D plot controls, and efficient memory management. It is released under GPLv3 or commercial license.^[11]

This is an integrated suite of UI controls and class libraries for use in developing test and measurement applications. The analysis class libraries provide various digital signal processing, signal filtering, signal generation, peak detection, and other general mathematical functionality.

This is a numerical component library for the .NET platform developed byCenterSpace Software. It includes signal processing (FFT) classes, a linear algebra (LAPACK & BLAS) framework, and a statistics package.^[11]

This is a low-level C# binding forOpenGL,OpenGL ES andOpenAL. It runs on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, BSD, Android and iOS. It can be used standalone or integrated into a GUI.

This is a graphical subsystem for rendering user interfaces, developed by Microsoft. It also contains a 3D rendering engine. In addition, interactive 2D content can be overlaid on 3D surfaces natively.^[12][13] It only runs on Windows operating systems.

This is across-platformgame engine developed byUnity Technologies^[14] and used to developvideo games forPC,consoles,mobile devices andwebsites.

This is a computer vision and artificial intelligence library.^[15][16] It implements a number of image processing algorithms and filters. It is released under theLGPLv3 and partlyGPLv3 license. Majority of the library is written in C# and thus cross-platform.^{[citation needed]} Functionality of AForge.NET has been extended by theAccord.NET library.^[17][18]

This is another computer vision and artificial intelligence library, available under theGnu Lesser General Public License, version 2.1. It is mainly written in C#.

These are C# wrappers around the underlyingGTK+ andGNOME libraries, written inC and available on Linux, MacOS and Windows.^[19]

This is a Microsoft GUI framework. The original Microsoft implementation runs on Windows operating systems and provides access toWindows User Interface Common Controls bywrapping theWindows API inmanaged code.^[20] The alternativeMono implementation is open source and cross-platform (it runs on Windows, Linux, Unix and OS X). It is mainly compatible with the original implementation but not completely. The library is written in C# in order to avoid Windows dependence.^[21] At the Microsoft Connect event on December 4, 2018,Microsoft announced releasing of Windows Forms as open sourceproject on GitHub.^[22] It is released under theMIT License. Windows Forms has become available for projects targeting the.NET framework. However, the framework is still available only on Windows platform and the Mono incomplete implementation of WinForms remains the only cross-platform implementation.^[23][24]

This is a graphical subsystem for rendering user interfaces in Windows-based applications by Microsoft. It is based onDirectX and employs XAML, an XML-based language, to define and link various interface elements.^[25] WPF applications can be deployed as standalone desktop programs or hosted as an embedded object in a website.^{[citation needed]} At the Microsoft Connect event on December 4, 2018,Microsoft announced releasing of WPF as open sourceproject on GitHub.^[22] It is released under theMIT License. Windows Presentation Foundation has become available for projects targeting the.NET framework. However, the system is still available only on Windows platform.^[23][24]

This is a set of Microsoft UI controls and features for theUniversal Windows Platform (UWP). At the Microsoft Connect event on December 4, 2018,Microsoft announced releasing of WinUI as open sourceproject on GitHub.^[22] WinUI has become available for projects targeting the.NET framework. It is released under theMIT License. However, the library is still available only on Windows platform.^[23][24]

This is a cross-platform UI toolkit for development of native user interfaces that can be run on macOS, iOS, Android, and Universal Windows Platform apps.^[26][27][19]

This is a cross-platform UI toolkit announced in May 2020 that originated as a fork of Xamarin.Forms and that can run on Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Tizen, and Windows. .NET MAUI will run on.NET 6 and later.^[28][29][30] The source code is licensed underMIT License and available onGitHub.^[29]

This is an open-source cross-platform UI toolkit for development of user interfaces that can be run on Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, and WebAssembly. The source code is licensed underMIT License and available onGitHub^[31]

This is anopen sourceunit testingframework for .NET, written in C# and thus cross-platform. It is one of many programs in thexUnit family. Licensed underMIT License.

.NET Framework natively provides utilities forobject–relational mapping^[32] throughADO.NET, a part of the .NET stack since version 1.0. In the earlier years of .NET development, a number of third-party object–relational libraries emerged in order to fill some perceived gaps in the framework.^[33][34][35] As the framework evolved, additional object–relational tools were added, such as theEntity Framework andLINQ to SQL, both introduced in.NET Framework 3.5. These tools reduced the significance and popularity of third-party object–relational libraries.

This is an open source^[36]object–relational mapping (ORM) framework forADO.NET. It was a part of.NET Framework, but since Entity framework version 6 it is separated from .NET framework.

NHibernate is an object–relational mapper for the .NET platform.

General:

• .NET Open Source Developer Projects, a list maintained atGitHub

Numerical libraries:

• The Math Forum - Math Libraries, an extensive list of mathematical libraries with short descriptions
• Guide - Math and Statistics Programming with F#Archived 2016-04-25 at theWayback Machine

Data:

• Object Relational Mapping
• Comparison of Object Relational Mapping Tools for the .NET Framework

• .NET software
• Programming tools
• Lists of software
• Computer libraries
• Numerical libraries
• Graphics libraries
• Free and open-source software

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