| Reconquest of Arakan | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Bengal Sultanate | Ava Kingdom Hanthawaddy Kingdom | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah Wali Khan Min Saw Mon (Suleiman Shah) | Minkhaung Binnya Ran I | ||||||
Therestoration of Min Saw Mon was a military campaign led by theBengal Sultanate to helpMin Saw Mon regain control of hisLaunggyet Dynasty. The campaign was successful. Min Saw Mon was restored to the Launggyet throne, andArakan became avassal state of the Bengal Sultanate.
In 1406,[citation needed]Burmese forces from theKingdom of Ava invaded Arakan. The control of Arakan was part of theForty Years' War between Ava andHanthawaddy Pegu on the Burmese mainland. The control of Arakan would change hands a few times before Hanthawaddy forces drove out Ava forces in 1412.[1] Ava would retain a toehold in northern Arakan until 1416/17 but did not try to retake Arakan.[2] The Hanthawaddy influence ended after KingRazadarit's death in 1421.[note 1]
The former Arakanese ruler Min Saw Mon received asylum in the Bengal Sultanate and lived there inPandua for 24 years. Saw Mon became close to the Bengal SultanJalaluddin Muhammad Shah, serving as a commander in the king's army. Saw Mon convinced the sultan to help restore him to his lost throne.[citation needed]
In 1429, Saw Mon aided by troops "largely made up of Afghan adventurers" invaded Arakan.[3][failed verification] The first attempt at the invasion failed because Saw Mon got into an argument with Gen. Wali Khan of Bengal, and was imprisoned by the general. Saw Mon escaped, and the sultan agreed to another attempt. The second invasion went well. Saw Mon was proclaimed king at Launggyet on 18 April 1429 (Thursday, 1st waning of Kason 791 ME).[citation needed]
Saw Mon finally regained control of the Arakanese throne in 1430 with military assistance from Bengali commanders Wali Khan and Sindhi Khan. He later founded a new royal capital,Mrauk U. His kingdom would become known as theMrauk U Kingdom. Arakan became a vassal state of the Bengal Sultanate and recognized Bengali sovereignty over some territory of northern Arakan. In recognition of his kingdom's vassal status, the kings of Arakan received Islamic titles, despite being Buddhists, and legalized the use of Islamic gold dinar coins from Bengal within the kingdom. The kings compared themselves to Sultans and employed Muslims in prestigious positions within the royal administration. Saw Mon, now styled as Suleiman Shah died in 1433, and was succeeded by his younger brotherMin Khayi.
The subordinate relationship with Bengal did not last long. Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah died in 1433, and was succeeded by a string of weak sultans. In 1437, Khayi took over the throne ofSandoway (Thandwe), unifying the Arakan coast, probably for the first time in history.[citation needed] He also marriedSaw Yin Mi, the queen of Sandoway.[4] Then, Khayi occupiedRamu, the southernmost territory of his erstwhile overlord Bengal.[5] TheArakanese chronicles say that Khayi successfully seized Chittagong in 1450.[6] However, the first confirmed successful occupation of Chittagong came only nine years later in 1459 when KingBa Saw Phyu seized the port from SultanRukunuddin Barbak Shah.[5]