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| Royal Botanical Garden | |
|---|---|
| Real Jardín Botánico | |
 The Murillo Gate, the entrance to the Royal Botanical Garden | |
 Interactive map of Royal Botanical Garden | |
| Type | Botanical Garden |
| Coordinates | 40°24′40″N3°41′30″W / 40.41111°N 3.69167°W /40.41111; -3.69167 |
| Area | 8 hectares (20 acres) |
| Created | 17 October 1755 |
| Managed by | Spanish National Research Council |
| Criteria | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) |
| Designated | 2021(44thsession) |
| Part of | Paseo del Prado andBuen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences |
| Reference no. | 1618 |
| Region | Europe and North America |
| Type | Non-movable |
| Criteria | Historic Garden |
| Designated | 14 October 1942 |
| Reference no. | RI-52-0000019 |
Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (Spanish for "Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid") is an 8 hectares (20 acres)botanical garden inMadrid (Spain). The public entrance is located at Plaza de Murillo, next to thePrado Museum.
The garden was founded on October 17, 1755, by KingFerdinand VI, and installed in the Orchard of Migas Calientes, near what today is called Puerta de Hierro, on the banks of the Manzanares River. It contained more than 2,000 plants collected byJosé Quer y Martínez, botanist and surgeon.
In 1774 KingCharles III ordered the garden moved to its current location on thePaseo del Prado. This new site opened in 1781. Inside an area defined by wrought iron fencing,[1] the design by architectsFrancesco Sabatini andJuan de Villanueva organized the garden into three tiered terraces, arranging plants according to the method of Linnaeus. Its mission was not only to exhibit plants, but also to teach botany, promote expeditions for the discovery of new plant species and classify them. There was a particular interest in the botany of Spain's colonial possessions.The garden was greatly augmented by a collection of 10,000 plants brought to Spain byAlessandro Malaspina in 1794.
TheSpanish War of Independence in 1808 caused the garden to be abandoned, but in 1857 directorMariano de la Paz Graells y de la Agüera revived it with a new greenhouse and refurbishment of the upper terrace. Under his leadership a zoo was created in the garden, but subsequently relocated to theParque del Buen Retiro. Between 1880 and 1890 the garden suffered heavy losses, first losing 2 hectares (4.9 acres) to theMinistry of Agriculture in 1882, then losing 564 trees in 1886 to a cyclone.
Since 1939 the garden has been dependent on theSpanish National Research Council (CSIC).
In 1942 the garden was given the heritage listingArtistic Garden.In 1974, after decades of hardship and neglect, the garden was closed to the public for restoration work to its original plan. It reopened in 1981.In the 21st century it became part of aWorld Heritage Site, "Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences".
Today's garden is divided into seven major outdoor sections and fivegreenhouses which allow the cultivation of species which are not suited to Madrid'sContinental Mediterranean climate. Total collections include about 90,000 plants and flowers, and 1,500 trees.
The garden's two greenhouses are divided into four rooms. The Graëlls greenhouse dates from the nineteenth century and exhibits tropical plants andbryophytes. The newer structure supports three climates: tropical, temperate, and desert.
The herbarium is the largest in Spain and now contains over a million specimens from around the world. The oldest material consists of plants collected during scientific expeditions undertaken in the 18th and 19th centuries.
As of 2016, the online herbarium's databases contained detailed information about all the specimens in the algae, bryophyte, lichen and fungi collections.[2]
![One of the pages in Flora Huayaquilensis[3]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aFlora_Huayaquilensis.jpg)
