.jpg) Poulidor at the1966 Tour de France | |
| Personal information | |
|---|---|
| Full name | Raymond Poulidor |
| Nickname | Pou-Pou The Eternal Second[1] |
| Born | (1936-04-15)15 April 1936 Masbaraud-Mérignat, France |
| Died | 13 November 2019(2019-11-13) (aged 83) Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, France |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)[2][3] |
| Weight | 71 kg (157 lb; 11 st 3 lb)[2][3] |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Rider type | All-rounder |
| Professional team | |
| 1960–1977 | Mercier–BP–Hutchinson |
| Major wins | |
Grand Tours
| |
Raymond Poulidor (French pronunciation:[ʁɛmɔ̃pulidɔʁ]; 15 April 1936 – 13 November 2019), nicknamed "Pou-Pou" (pronounced[pupu]), was a French professionalracing cyclist, who rode forMercier his entire career.
His distinguished career coincided with two other outstanding riders –Jacques Anquetil andEddy Merckx. This underdog position may have been the reason Poulidor was a favourite of the public. He was known as "The Eternal Second", because he never won theTour de France despite finishing in second place three times, and in third place five times (including his final Tour at the age of 40). Despite his consistency, he never wore the yellow jersey as leader of thegeneral classification in 14 Tours (of which he completed 12). He did win oneGrand Tour, the1964 Vuelta a España. Of the eighteen Grand Tours that he entered in his career, he finished in the top 10 fifteen times.
Raymond Poulidor was the son of Martial and Maria Poulidor, small farmers outside the hamlet ofMasbaraud-Mérignat, where theCreuse region east ofLimoges meets thedépartement ofHaute-Vienne.[4] Poulidor began working on the farm where, he remembered, "the soil was poor and we had to work hard; farming incomes were poor."[5] The need for working hands on the farm meant he left school at 14 even though he wanted to continue his studies. Local entertainment went little further than village fairs, with coconut shies, sack-races, competitions for bottles of home-made jam... and inter-village cycle races.[5] Poulidor continued to help out on his parents' farm even after he turned professional.[6]
Poulidor was given his first bike by a local shop owner at the age of 14.[7] He started racing bicycles at the age of 16, picking up the interest from the magazineMiroir-Sprint given to him by one of his school teachers. He initially hid his passion from his mother, who was afraid of the dangers the sport entailed.[4]
It was only when Poulidor was taken into the army for compulsorynational service in 1955 that he first travelled in a train.Pierre Chany, a French reporter who followed 49 Tours de France, drew the comparison with Poulidor's eventual rival,Jacques Anquetil: by the time Poulidor first stepped into a train, Anquetil had already been toHelsinki, ridden theOlympic Games, won a medal for France, turned professional and won theGrand Prix des Nations. Yet there was less than two years between them.[8]
The army sent Poulidor to the war then going on inAlgeria, where he worked as a driver and put on 12 kg through lack of exercise. In 1960 he dedicated himself to cycling again and lost the weight in a month. He won his first race after army service by six minutes. When he then came second in the GP de Peyrat-le-Château and won 80,000 old francs, he calculated that he had won more in one race than he would have earned in six years on the farm.[5]
Poulidor turned professional in 1960 with theMercier team,[4] directed by former Tour winnerAntonin Magne. Magne offered Poulidor 25,000 old francs a month. Poulidor asked for 30,000. Magne countered that that was more than he paid Gauthier and Louis Privat and refused. Later, aware that he had a rival for Anquetil, he conceded.[9]
In just his second season, Poulidor wonMilan–San Remo, one of cycling's "monument classics". 125 km (78 mi) from the finish, he was about to abandon after he suffered a puncture and was two minutes behind the leading riders. Magne convinced him to continue and Poulidor bridged the gap. On the climb of the Capo Berta, he attacked, joined byAlbertus Geldermans and teammateJean-Claude Annaert, who set the tempo until they reached the foot of the final climb, the Poggio. Here, Poulidor attacked again and opened a gap. Despite being guided in the wrong direction by a police man in the final corner, he was able to hold off the chasing field by three seconds to take the victory.[10] Also in 1961, he becameFrench road race champion.[11][4]
Poulidor's rivalry with Anquetil is a legend in cycling. While a good climber, Poulidor had a hard time matching Anquetil in theindividual time trial, often having victory snatched from him by losing time in time-trial stages of the Tour de France.
Poulidor's riding style was aggressive and attacking, whereas Anquetil preferred to control the race in the mountains and win time in the time-trials. Poulidor became the darling of the French public, to the ire of Anquetil. Poulidor's mid-France upbringing and his slow Limousin speech also contrasted with Anquetil's northern background and sharper accent. Poulidor's face was deeply tanned and furrowed; Anquetil had high cheekbones, a smoother face and brushed-up blond hair.
Poulidor's best chance of defeating Anquetil came in the1964 Tour de France, in the finish on thePuy de Dôme. Anquetil rode beside Poulidor but both were so exhausted that only in the last few hundred metres could Poulidor take nearly enough time to threaten Anquetil's first place in the general classification.[12] The Tour organiser,Jacques Goddet, was behind the pair as they turned off the main road and climbed through what police estimated as half a million spectators.
Anquetil rode on the inside by the mountain wall while Poulidor took the outer edge by the precipice. They could sometimes feel the other's hot gasps on their bare arms. At the end, Anquetil cracked, after a battle of wills and legs so intense that at times they banged elbows. Poulidor says he was so tired that he has no memory of the two touching, although a photograph[13] shows that they did.[12] Of Anquetil, the veteran French reporter Pierre Chany wrote: "His face, until then purple, lost all its colour; the sweat ran down in drops through the creases of his cheeks." Anquetil was only semiconscious, he said. Poulidor gained time but when they reached Paris, Anquetil still had a 55-second lead and won his last Tour de France thanks to the time-trial on the final day.
Anquetil unfailingly beat Poulidor in the Tour de France and yet Poulidor remained the more popular. "The more unlucky I was, the more the public liked me and the more money I earned", he said.[12] Divisions between fans became marked, which two sociologists studying the impact of the Tour on French society say became emblematic of France old and new. Research showed that more than 4,000 newspaper articles appeared about him in France in just 1974 and that no other rider "had ever incited so many sociological investigations, so many university theses, seeking to find the cause of his prodigious popularity."[9]
Poulidor's original nickname was Pouli. It was Émile Besson[14] of the daily newspaperL'Humanité who first wrote of Poupou. The name was taken up throughout France, leading to headlines such as "Poupoularité" inL'Équipe. Apoupée is a doll and the nickname hints at that and follows the French tradition of repeating the first syllable of a word in childspeak. Poulidor never liked the name but accepted it.
The end of the Anquetil era presented opportunities for Poulidor to finally win the Tour de France. This was not to be due to injuries in 1967 and 1968, and the arrival ofEddy Merckx in 1969. Poulidor was no match for Merckx, although he offered much resistance.
In the1973 Tour Poulidor almost lost his life on the descent from theCol de Portet d'Aspet when he plunged into a ravine, taking a serious blow to the head and crawling out with the help of the race director,Jacques Goddet.
Antonin Magne remained manager of Poulidor's Mercier team until 1970, when he was replaced by another former rider, Louis Caput. Caput brought with him as deputydirecteur sportif a man who described himself as a homeopath,Bernard Sainz.Sainz is known in cycling asDr Mabuse, after a pulp-fiction character created by Norbert Jacques. Mabuse is a criminal mastermind who becomes rich through hypnotic powers. He plots to take over the world but is foiled by the police. From his cell he masterminds criminal plots by writing endless gibberish. Sainz recognises the nickname and used it in the name of his autobiography.[15]
Sainz is a formervelodrome rider of national level who stopped racing after a fall and became involved in horse racing, where he was twice convicted of maltreating horses. It was in horse-racing, where he turned unremarkable animals into champions,[citation needed] that he acquired his nickname. He has been repeatedly investigated by police and has been convicted of illegally practising medicine and incitement to doping. Sainz claims that he only engages in homeopathic treatment, though whatever methods he engages in are effective, casting doubt on this claim.[16]
Louis Caput approached Edmond Mercier, the bicycle-maker behind Poulidor's team, and asked to bring Sainz into the team management. Mercier agreed, said Sainz, because he was already treating Mercier for his own health problems. Mercier had also brought in the insurance company, GAN, as main sponsor. GAN, said Sainz, demanded that Poulidor be in the team photo even if all he did was train with the team at the start of the season. In 1971 Poulidor had decided against riding any more. The tactic, Sainz said, was bluff, to increase his motivation. InParis–Nice, the first important stage race of the season, Poulidor was 22 seconds behindEddy Merckx on the morning of the last day. Poulidor attacked from the start, setting a speed record on the Col de la Turbie that stood for more than 10 years and won Paris–Nice by two seconds. Next year he won Paris–Nice again and also theCritérium du Dauphiné Libéré.
Raymond Poulidor was the first rider to be tested for drugs in the Tour de France.[17] Testers arrived at the Tour for the first time in 1966, inBordeaux, although only after word had spread and many riders had left their hotels. The first competitor they found was Poulidor.[17]
A few other riders were found, includingRik Van Looy, and some obliged and others refused. Next morning, the race left the city on the way to thePyrenees and stopped in the suburb of Gradignan, in the university area of La House. The riders climbed off and began walking, shouting protests in general and in particular abuse at the race doctor,Pierre Dumas, whom some demanded should also take a test to see if he'd been drinking wine or taking aspirin to make his own job easier. Riders also criticised Poulidor for accepting to be tested. He dismissed their protests and stayed at the back of the strike. Other prominent riders, including Jacques Anquetil, were at the front. Poulidor said his indifference to the controls and the strike harmed his relations with fellow riders. "After that, they did me no favours in the peloton", he said.[12]
Poulidor has several times accepted that his career was handicapped by a lack of ambition and by the psychological domination of Jacques Anquetil. Poulidor said in an interview in 1992: I knew straight away that I was getting places everywhere. I got all the leaders' jerseys but I used to lose them.Tonin [Magne] said to me "Raymond, you're always in a daydream!"And was that true? Were you distracted? It was true. I thought what was happening to me was already marvellous enough. I never thought of winning. Never, ever, did I get up in the morning with the idea of winning![18]
On 25 January 1973 Poulidor was made aChevalier de la Légion d'honneur. In 2003 the President,Jacques Chirac increased the award.[19] Poulidor also has a rose named after him, reflecting his love of gardening in general and roses in particular.
He lived with his wife Gisèle inSaint-Léonard-de-Noblat, east of Limoges, where he made short trips on his mountain bike. Their daughter, Corinne, is married to the former worldcyclo-cross champion andTour of Flanders winnerAdri van der Poel.[20] His grandsonsDavid andMathieu van der Poel are also cyclists: Mathieu became cyclo-cross world champion six times, road champion once and won three of the fiveMonuments and a stage in the 2021 Tour de France at which he dedicated his win and yellow jersey to his grandfather.
Poulidor worked in public relations forCrédit Lyonnais, sponsor of the yellow jersey, during the Tour.[21] He had bicycles made under his name by the France-Loire company, and has appeared in television commercials aimed at older people.
When asked about his longevity compared to fellow cyclists, Poulidor said he took things in moderation and did not overstretch himself.
Poulidor has written several biographies, the first of which wasGloire sans le Maillot Jaune, written in 1964.Poulidor Intime was published in May 2007 by Éditions Jacob-Duvernet in France. In 2004 he helped writePoulidor par Raymond Poulidor with the radio reporter Jean-Paul Brouchon. The preface is byEddy Merckx.
On 13 November 2019, Raymond Poulidor died inSaint-Léonard-de-Noblat. He had been in a hospital for two months prior, having suffered from heart problems.[11][22][23]
Road race, National Road Championships
Mountains classification
Road race,UCI Road World Championships
OverallVuelta a España OverallCritérium National de la RouteRoad race,UCI Road World Championships OverallEscalada a Montjuïc
OverallCritérium du Dauphiné Libéré OverallCritérium National de la RouteRoad race,UCI Road World Championships OverallEscalada a Montjuïc OverallEscalada a Montjuïc OverallCritérium du Dauphiné Libéré OverallÉtoile des Espoirs OverallSetmana Catalana de Ciclisme
OverallParis–Nice OverallParis–Nice OverallGrand Prix du Midi Libre
Road race,UCI Road World Championships
Mountains classification| Grand Tour | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Vuelta a España | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | — | 8 | — | — | — | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
 Giro d'Italia | Did not contest during his career | |||||||||||||||||
| Tour de France | — | — | 3 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 9 | DNF | 3 | 7 | — | 3 | DNF | 2 | 19 | 3 | — |
| Monument | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milan–San Remo | — | 1 | — | 57 | 2 | 41 | 7 | 33 | 5 | 53 | 62 | — | — | 46 | — | — | 48 | — |
| Tour of Flanders | — | 17 | — | 9 | 30 | 32 | 36 | 27 | 14 | — | — | 67 | 28 | — | 27 | — | 42 | — |
| Paris–Roubaix | 19 | 36 | 5 | 6 | — | — | DSQ | 7 | 6 | — | 13 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 24 | — | 13 | 12 |
| Liège–Bastogne–Liège | — | — | — | 5 | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 8 | — | — | 4 | — | — | 8 | — |
| Giro di Lombardia | 96 | 12 | — | 13 | — | 6 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 5 | — | — | 15 | — | — | — | 5 | — |
| 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 World Championships | 5 | 3 | 25 | 5 | 3 | DNF | 3 | 24 | 7 | 56 | 37 | 45 | 33 | 35 | 2 | 17 | 24 | 32 |
 National Championships | — | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | Did not compete |
|---|---|
| DNF | Did not finish |
| DSQ | Disqualified |
Il convient de tenir compte que Raymond Poulidor appartient à la catégorie des athlètes puissants (taille : 1 m 73, poids de forme : 71 kg, pulsations : 52, tension : 12,5/7).
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