Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Rauvolfia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family of shrubs and trees
This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Rauvolfia" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(November 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Rauvolfia
Rauvolfia sandwicensis
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Asterids
Order:Gentianales
Family:Apocynaceae
Subfamily:Rauvolfioideae
Tribe:Vinceae
Subtribe:Rauvolfiinae
Benth. & Hook.f.
Genus:Rauvolfia
L.[1]
Type species
Rauvolfia tetraphylla
L., 1753[2]
Synonyms[3]
  • CyrtosiphoniaMiq.
  • DissolenaLour.
  • HeurckiaMüll.Arg.
  • OphioxylonL.
  • PodochrosiaBaill.
Rauvolfia serpentina fruit

Rauvolfia (sometimes spelledRauwolfia) is a genus ofevergreentrees andshrubs, commonly known asdevil peppers, in the familyApocynaceae. The genus is named to honorLeonhard Rauwolf. The genus can mainly be found intropical regions ofAfrica,Asia,Latin America, and various oceanic islands.[3][4]

Spelling

[edit]

TheInternational Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants stipulates that the genus name was established byCarl Linnaeus in his 1753 bookSpecies Plantarum,[5][6] which cites his earlier description[7]which states inBotanical Latin that the name is dedicated "to Leonhard Rauwolf": "Leon. Rauvolfio". Although some subsequent authorshypercorrected theClassical Latin letter "v" to a modern "w", this is not accepted by the code of nomenclature.[8]

Chemical constituents

[edit]

Rauvolfia serpentina, commonly known as Indian snakeroot orsarpagandha, contains manyindole alkaloids.[9]

Medicinal uses

[edit]
This sectionneeds morereliable medical references forverification or relies too heavily onprimary sources. Please review the contents of the section andadd the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged andremoved.Find sources: "Rauvolfia" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(September 2012)

Reserpine is analkaloid first isolated fromR. serpentina and was widely used as anantihypertensive drug[10]

Conservation

[edit]

Rauvolfia serpentina is declining in the wild due to collection for its medicinal uses.[11] Consequently, it is listed inCITESAppendix II.[12]Rauvolfia vomitoria is a highly invasive species inHawaiʻi, and is capable of establishing dense monotypic stands.

Species

[edit]

Species include:[3]

  1. Rauvolfia afraSond., 1850 - Africa from Togo east to Tanzania, south to Cape Province
  2. Rauvolfia amsoniifoliaA.DC. - Philippines, Sulawesi, Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
  3. Rauvolfia andinaMarkgr. - Peru
  4. Rauvolfia anomalaRapini & I.Koch - Mato Grosso
  5. Rauvolfia aphlebia(Standl.) A.H.Gentry - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
  6. Rauvolfia bahiensisA.DC. - E Brazil
  7. Rauvolfia balansae(Baill.) Boiteau - New Caledonia
  8. Rauvolfia biauriculataMüll.Arg. - Cuba, Haiti, Lesser Antilles, Trinidad & Tobago
  9. Rauvolfia capixabaeI.Koch & Kin.-Gouv - Bahia + Espírito Santo in Brazil
  10. Rauvolfia capuroniiMarkgr. - Madagascar
  11. Rauvolfia chaudocensisPierre ex Pit. - S Vietnam
  12. Rauvolfia cubanaA.DC. - Cuba; naturalized in Yunnan
  13. Rauvolfia decurvaHook.f. - India
  14. Rauvolfia dichotomaK.Schum. - São Tomé
  15. Rauvolfia gracilisI.Koch & Kin.-Gouv. - Rondônia, Mato Grosso
  16. Rauvolfia grandifloraMart. ex A.DC. - E Brazil
  17. Rauvolfia hookeriS.R.Sriniv. & Chithra - S India
  18. Rauvolfia indosinensisPichon - Cambodia, S Vietnam
  19. Rauvolfia insularisMarkgr. - Palau
  20. Rauvolfia × ivanoviiGranda & V.R.Fuentes - Cuba(R. ligustrina × R. viridis)
  21. Rauvolfia javanicaKoord. & Valeton - Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Islands
  22. Rauvolfia kamaroraHendrian - Sulawesi
  23. Rauvolfia leptophyllaA.S.Rao - Colombia, Venezuela
  24. Rauvolfia letouzeyiLeeuwenb. - Gabon, Republic of Congo
  25. Rauvolfia ligustrinaWilld. ex Roem. & Schult. - from Mexico + Cuba south to Paraguay + NE Argentina
  26. Rauvolfia linearifoliaBritton & P.Wilson - E Cuba
  27. Rauvolfia littoralisRusby - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
  28. Rauvolfia macranthaK.Schum. ex Markgr. - Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, N Brazil, Peru
  29. Rauvolfia manniiStapf, 1894 - tropical Africa from Ivory Coast to Tanzania, south to Malawi
  30. Rauvolfia mattfeldianaMarkgr. - Brazil
  31. Rauvolfia maximaMarkgr. - Venezuela
  32. Rauvolfia mediaPichon, 1947 - Comoros, Madagascar
  33. Rauvolfia micranthaHook.f., 1882 - SW India, S Thailand, Vietnam
  34. Rauvolfia microcarpaHook.f. - Myanmar
  35. Rauvolfia moluccanaMarkgr. - Maluku, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago
  36. Rauvolfia mombasianaStapf - Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique
  37. Rauvolfia moricandiiA.DC. - E Brazil
  38. Rauvolfia nanaE.A.Bruce - E Angola, Zambia, S Zaïre
  39. Rauvolfia nitidaJacq. - West Indies, Panama, S Mexico
  40. †Rauvolfia nukuhivensis(Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud -French Polynesia but extinct
  41. Rauvolfia obtusifloraA.DC. - Madagascar
  42. Rauvolfia oliganthaHendrian - C Java
  43. Rauvolfia pachyphyllaMarkgr. - Venezuela, Guyana
  44. Rauvolfia paraensisDucke - N Brazil, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana
  45. Rauvolfia paucifoliaA.DC. - E Brazil
  46. Rauvolfia peguanaHook.f. - Myanmar
  47. Rauvolfia pentaphyllaDucke - N Brazil, Peru
  48. Rauvolfia polyphyllaBenth. - S Venezuela, N Brazil
  49. Rauvolfia praecoxK.Schum. ex Markgr. - W Brazil, Peru, Bolivia
  50. Rauvolfia pruinosifoliaI.Koch & Kin.-Gouv. - Minas Gerais
  51. Rauvolfia purpurascensStandl. - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
  52. Rauvolfia rhonhofiaeMarkgr. - Ecuador
  53. Rauvolfia rivularisMerr. - Myanmar
  54. Rauvolfia rostrataMarkgr. - Maluku, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago
  55. Rauvolfia sachetiaeFosberg, 1981 - Marquesas inFrench Polynesia
  56. Rauvolfia salicifoliaGriseb. - Cuba
  57. Rauvolfia sanctorumWoodson - Colombia, Peru
  58. Rauvolfia sandwicensisA.DC., 1844 - Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiʻi)[13]
  59. Rauvolfia schueliiSpeg. - Bolivia, NW Argentina
  60. Rauvolfia sellowiiMüll.Arg. - Brazil, Paraguay, Misiones Province of Argentina
  61. Rauvolfia semperflorens(Müll.Arg.) Schltr. - New Caledonia
  62. Rauvolfia serpentina(L.)Benth.exKurz, 1877 - Indian Subcontinent, China, Southeast Asia
  63. Rauvolfia sevenetiiBoiteau - New Caledonia
  64. Rauvolfia spathulataBoiteau - New Caledonia
  65. Rauvolfia spruceiMüll.Arg. - S Venezuela, Peru, N Brazil
  66. Rauvolfia steyermarkiiWoodson - Táchira in Venezuela
  67. Rauvolfia sumatranaJack, 1820 - Guangdong, Thailand, Myanmar, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
  68. Rauvolfia tetraphyllaL., 1753 - Also calledRauwolfia carescens; from Mexico and West Indies to Peru; naturalized in China, Indian Subcontinent, Andaman Islands, Vietnam, Queensland
  69. Rauvolfia tiaolushanensisTsiang - Hainan in S China
  70. Rauvolfia verticillata(Lour.)Baill., 1895 - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
  71. Rauvolfia vietnamensisLý - Vietnam
  72. Rauvolfia viridisWilld. ex Roem. & Schult. - West Indies, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela
  73. Rauvolfia volkensii(K.Schum.) Stapf - Tanzania
  74. Rauvolfia vomitoriaAfzel., 1817 - tropical Africa from Senegal east to Sudan + Tanzania, south to Angola; naturalized in China, Bangladesh, Puerto Rico
  75. Rauvolfia weddelianaMüll.Arg. - Brazil, Paraguay
  76. Rauvolfia woodsonianaStandl. - Costa Rica
formerly included[3]
  1. Rauvolfia celastrifoliaBaker =Stephanostegia hildebrandtiiBaill.
  2. Rauvolfia dentataTafalla ex D.Don =Citharexylum dentatumD.Don
  3. Rauvolfia flexuosaRuiz & Pav. =Citharexylum flexuosum(Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don
  4. Rauvolfia glabraCav. =Vallesia glabra(Cav.) Link
  5. Rauvolfia laevigataWilld. ex Roem. & Schult. =Tabernaemontana amygdalifoliaJacq.
  6. Rauvolfia longifoliaA.DC. =Alstonia longifolia(A.DC.) Pichon
  7. Rauvolfia macrophyllaRuiz & Pav.1799 not Stapf 1894 =Citharexylum flexuosum(Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don
  8. Rauvolfia oppositifoliaSpreng. 1822 not Sessé & Moc. 1888 =Tabernaemontana oppositifolia(Spreng.) Urb.
  9. Rauvolfia pubescensWilld. ex Roem. & Schult. =Citharexylum quitenseSpreng.
  10. Rauvolfia spinosaCav. =Citharexylum flexuosum(Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don
  11. Rauvolfia stenophyllaDonn.Sm. =Alstonia longifolia(A.DC.) Pichon
  12. Rauvolfia strempelioidesGriseb. =Strempeliopsis strempelioides(Griseb.) Benth. ex B.D.Jacks.
  13. Rauvolfia striataPoir. =Ochrosia borbonicaJ.F.Gmel.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Rauvolfia L."Germplasm Resources Information Network.United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-03-14. Archived fromthe original on 2009-09-12. Retrieved2009-11-11.
  2. ^"Rauvolfia L."TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved2009-11-11.
  3. ^abcd"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". RetrievedMay 18, 2014.
  4. ^Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 157萝芙木属 luo fu mu shuRauvolfia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 208. 1753.
  5. ^(McNeill et al. 2012, Article 38.1)
  6. ^Linnaeus, C. (1753),"Rauvolfia tetraphylla",Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, vol. 1, Stockholm: Lars Salvius, p. 208
  7. ^Linnaeus, C. (1737),"Rauvolfia g. pl. 179",Hortus Cliffortianus, Amsterdam, p. 75
  8. ^(McNeill et al. 2012, Articles 60 and 61, particularly 60.1)
  9. ^SerpentinaDB
  10. ^Lobay D (2016)."Rauwolfia in the Treatment of Hypertension".Integr Med (Encinitas).14 (3):40–46.PMC 4566472.PMID 26770146.
  11. ^"India's wild medicinal plants threatened by over-exploitation". International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008-11-24. Retrieved2009-11-11.
  12. ^"Appendices I, II and III"(PDF). Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species. 2009-05-22. Retrieved2009-11-11.
  13. ^Little, Elbert L., Jr.; Skolmen, Roger G. (May 1989). "137. Hao, Hawaiian rauvolfia;Rauvolfia sandwicensis A. DC.".Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced). Dogbane family (Apocynaceae). Agriculture Handbook No. 679. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. pp. 4,280, 282.LCCN 89-7592.HathiTrustuva.x001754760,pst.000021483882,osu.32435031271943.Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk projectcftoh1989,cftoh1989.pdf.Internet Archivecommon-forest-trees-of-hawaii.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Reprinted by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa in 2003:book,chapter.

Bibliography

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toRauvolfia.
Wikispecies has information related toRauvolfia.
Rauvolfia
Rauvolfiinae
Authority control databases: NationalEdit this at Wikidata
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rauvolfia&oldid=1276194597"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp