This is an accepted version of this page
| Rat | |
|---|---|
.svg) "Rat" inregular Chinese characters | |
| Chinese | 鼠 |
TheRat orMouse (鼠) is the first of the repeating 12-year cycle of animals which appear in theChinese zodiac, constituting part of theChinese calendar system (with similar systems in use elsewhere). TheYear of the Rat in standard Chinese isChinese:鼠年;pinyin:shǔnián. The rat is associated with the first branch of theEarthly Branchsymbol子 (zǐ), which starts a repeating cycle of twelve years. The Chinese wordshǔ (鼠) refers to various small rodents (Muroidea), such asrats andmice. The term "zodiac" ultimately derives from anAncient Greek term referring to a "circle of little animals". There are also a yearly month of the rat and a daily hour of the rat (Chinese double hour, midnight, 11:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m.). Years of the rat are cyclically differentiated by correlation to theHeavenly Stems cycle, resulting in a repeating cycle of five years of the rat (over a sixty-year period), each rat year also being associated with one of the Chinesewu xing, also known as the "five elements", or "phases": the "Five Phases" beingFire (火huǒ),Water (水shuǐ),Wood (木mù),Metal (金jīn), andEarth (土tǔ).
In Chinese tradition, the first year was the equivalent of 2637 BCE (although others give other dates). The Prime Minister of the first emperor,Huangdi (also known as the Yellow Emperor), is said in this year to have worked out thesixty-year zodiacal cycle. Part of this achievement was the discovery and incorporation of thenineteen-year so-called Metonic cycle which correlates lunar and solar dates, as part of the system (using leap months).[1]
People born within these date ranges can be said to have been born in the "Year of the Rat", while bearing the followingelemental sign:[2][3] The following is achart of the dates of theGregorian calendar.
| Start date | End date | Heavenly branch |
|---|---|---|
| 11 February 1804 | 30 January 1805 | Wood Rat |
| 23 January 1816 | 16 January 1817 | Fire Rat |
| 14 February 1828 | 3 January 1829 | Earth Rat |
| 2 February 1840 | 22 January 1841 | Metal Rat |
| 20 February 1852 | 3 February 1853 | Water Rat |
| 8 February 1864 | 26 January 1865 | Wood Rat |
| 26 January 1876 | 12 February 1877 | Fire Rat |
| 12 February 1888 | 30 January 1889 | Earth Rat |
| 31 January 1900 | 18 February 1901 | Metal Rat |
| 18 February 1912 | 5 February 1913 | Water Rat |
| 5 February 1924 | 23 January 1925 | Wood Rat |
| 24 January 1936 | 10 February 1937 | Fire Rat |
| 10 February 1948 | 28 January 1949 | Earth Rat |
| 28 January 1960 | 14 February 1961 | Metal Rat |
| 15 February 1972 | 2 February 1973 | Water Rat |
| 2 February 1984 | 19 February 1985 | Wood Rat |
| 19 February 1996 | 6 February 1997 | Fire Rat |
| 7 February 2008 | 25 January 2009 | Earth Rat |
| 25 January 2020 | 11 February 2021 | Metal Rat |
| 11 February 2032 | 30 January 2033 | Water Rat |
| 30 January 2044 | 16 February 2045 | Wood Rat |
| 15 February 2056 | 3 February 2057 | Fire Rat |
| 3 February 2068 | 22 January 2069 | Earth Rat |
| 22 January 2080 | 8 February 2081 | Metal Rat |
| 7 February 2092 | 26 January 2093 | Water Rat |
In traditionalChinese astrology as well as traditionalChinese astronomy the sky was mapped into variousasterisms or what are sometimes referred to asChinese constellations. This is actually more similar to the zodiac ofWestern astrology than is the 12-animal cycle. The stars along the plane of the ecliptic were divided into groups known as theTwenty-Eight Mansions. Because the moon during its monthly cycle could be observed to appear to move from one mansion (or "camp") into the next each night in turn, they are also known as Lunar Mansions. Traditionally, these mansions were divided into four groups of seven each, and associated with one offour spiritual entities. The rat is generally associated with the celestial region of theMystical Warrior, orXuánwǔ (玄武), and specifically with the mansionXū (虛), which in turn is associated with the direction North and the darkest part of the winter season, in the northern hemisphere.[4] (Xū (虛) is more-or-less equivalent toBeta Aquarii, also known as Sadalsuud).
In old Chinese tradition, the hours of a day-night period were divided into 12double-hours, each corresponding to one of the twelve signs of theChinese zodiac, with similar symbolic motif and astrological significance. The first of the twelve double hours encompasses midnight, at the middle of the double hour, corresponding with 11:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m., with midnight being the midpoint of the first double-hour, which is the Hour of the Rat, or the hourzǐ (子).[5]
.jpg)
In popular culture, the zodiacal idea of year of the rat is associated with various beliefs about prognostications for the upcoming year, lucky numbers, lucky colors, auspicious romantic connections, similarities between persons born in those years, correlations betweenChinese astrology andWestern astrology and the like. Traditional Chinese astrology and horoscope has paid much more attention to theHeavenly Stems andEarthly Branches than to the zoology or symbolism of the 12 animals; rather the reference to the animals was more of a way ofhorology, keeping track of time. Nevertheless, modern times have shown an increased interest in the zodiacal animals, with a great deal of popular interest, in various places of the world. In any case, the rat has long been associated with keen and quick intelligence.[6]
| Earthly Branches of Birth Year: | 子 Zi |
| The Five Elements: | Water |
| Cardinal Point: | North (N) |
| Yin / Yang: | Yang |
| Lunar Month: | Eleventh |
| Season: | Winter |
| Closest Western Zodiac: | Sagittarius |
| Earthly Branch Ruling Hours: | 23:00 to 00:59 |
| Twelve Heavenly Generals: | Sanskrit:Vikala (Hanzi:毘羯羅) |
| Lucky Flowers: | Lily of each and everyspecies |
| Lucky Numbers: | 2, 3, 6, 8; Avoid: 4, 5, 9 |
| Lucky Colors: | black, gold, blue, green; Avoid: yellow, brown |
.jpg)
A popular modern story has it that the order of the animals in the twelve-year cycle was due to a competition between animal candidates, held by the ruler ofHeaven,Earth, andHell — theJade Emperor. According to one version of this tale, the emperor's advisors selected twelve candidates from among the animal types, including the rat and the cat. The winner was to be selected based upon merit, as to personal appearance, lifestyle, and contributions to the world. Before the competition, the cat asked the rat for a wake up call in order to get to the show on time; however, the rat apprehensive of the competition, especially as to the cat's apparent beauty, did not wake the cat, who then overslept (and, ever afterwards, the embittered cat became a ratter and a mouser). The Jade Emperor, mystified as to why only eleven candidate animals showed up, inquired of his servants. These servants hastily acquired the first possible replacement animal which they encountered, (apig). After the start of the competition, the rat achieved first place by performing on the flute while upon the back of theox. Impressed, the Jade Emperor placed the rat at the beginning of the twelve-year cycle (and the ox second, for being so generous as to allow the rat to play the flute upon the ox's back). Then the other animals were placed in order according to the Jade Emperor's judgment.[7]
The zodiacal rat is known in other cultures besides China, in Asia and beyond. Generally, the rat/mouse is the first of a twelve-year animal cycle, although some of the other animals tend to vary. In Japan, the rat is known asnezumi, and is the first in a twelve-year zodiacal cycle of animals.[8] The Year of the Rat and the years of the subsequent other zodiacal animals is celebrated duringChinese New Year, in many parts of the world, with the animal appropriate to each new year serving as an artistic motif for decorations. The Rat and other zodiacal animals are also a popular motif onChinese lunar coins and other coin series minted by various countries and also on various internationally issuedpostage stamps.
In English, Rat Years are sometimes referred to as Mouse Years instead, although in Chinese there is no distinction between the terms.[9]
Media related toRat (zodiac) at Wikimedia Commons
