Rangpur রংপুর | |
|---|---|
.jpg) PLSCR  Rangpur Zilla Parishad  Model Mosque and Islamic cultural center | |
| Nicknames: City of Colours[citation needed] | |
.svg) Map of Rangpur City Corporation in Rangpur Division | |
  Rangpur Location in Rangpur Show map of Rangpur Rangpur Location in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh Show map of Rangpur division Rangpur Location in Bangladesh Show map of Bangladesh | |
| Coordinates:25°44′56″N89°14′49″E / 25.749°N 89.247°E /25.749; 89.247 | |
| Country |  Bangladesh |
| Division | Rangpur Division |
| District | Rangpur District |
| Establishment | 1575 (451 years ago) (1575)(During theMughal Empire)[1] |
| Municipality | 1 May 1869 |
| City Corporation | 28 June 2012 |
| Metropolitan City | 16 September 2018 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–Council |
| • Body | Rangpur City Corporation |
| • Administrator | Md. Shahidul Islam |
| • City Council | 33 constituencies |
| • Parliament | 1 constituencies |
| Area | |
• Rangpur City Corp. | 203.63 km2 (78.62 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 32.03 km2 (12.37 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 76 km2 (29 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 34 m (112 ft) |
| Population | |
• Rangpur City Corp. | 708,570 |
| • Density | 3,479.7/km2 (9,012.4/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 485,867 |
| • Urban density | 15,170/km2 (39,290/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 685,754 |
| • Metro density | 9,000/km2 (23,000/sq mi) |
| Demonyms |
|
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali • English |
| • Native | Rangpuri |
| Time zone | UTC+06:00 (BST) |
| Postal code | 5400[3] |
| National calling code | +088 |
| Calling code | 521 |
| Police | Rangpur Metropolitan Police |
| Airport | Saidpur Airport |
| Railway Station | Rangpur Railway Station |
| National Highway | |
| HDI (2023) | 0.673 medium ·15th of 22 |
| UN/LOCODE | BD RAU |
| Website | rpcc |
Rangpur (/rɒŋpʊər/;Bengali:রংপুর,romanized: Rongpur;pronounced[rɔŋpuɾ]ⓘ) is a majormetropolitan city inBangladesh. This city serves as the administrative center of theRangpur Division. It is strategically located on the banks of the Ghaghat River and near theTeesta River.[4] It is the second-largestcity corporation in Bangladesh.[5] The city has developed rapidly in recent years, with improvements in infrastructure and services enhancing its role as a key regional hub. Rangpur has become a key destination for students from other districts and cities seeking quality education. Rangpur features notable educational institutions. Rangpur also has a vibrant local culture, including traditionalfestivals and community events.[6][7]
It is said that back in 1575, a trusted general of the Mughal Emperor Akbar took over Rangpur. But it was not until 1686 that Rangpur was fully integrated into the Mughal Empire. Back on 16 December 1769, Rangpur was announced as a district seat (zila sadar), and in 1869, it was announced as a municipality, thus making it one of the oldest municipalities in the country. However,Ghoraghat in Rangpur served as one of the Mughal administrative headquarters till the 18th century.[1] The municipal office building was erected in 1892.
Previously serving as the headquarters of the greater Rangpur district, the greater Rangpur district was divided into five districts in 1984. Rangpur underwent administrative restructuring, resulting in the formation of theGaibandha,Kurigram,Lalmonirhat,Nilphamari, andRangpur districts.[8]
It is said that the present name Rangpur came from the former 'Rongpur'. History has it that English colonial rulers in this region started cultivatingindigo. Due to the fertile soil in this region, indigo cultivation was very profitable. The locals knew indigo by the name of "Rongo". So thus, this region was named "Rongopur". And from that, the name of today's Rangpur has originated.[9] It is known from another conventional notion that the name Rangpur comes from the naming of Rangmahal (Palace of Entertainment) ofBhagadatta, son ofNarakasura, king of thePragjyotisha Kingdom.[10]
According to Ain-i-Akbari, the Mughal period Rangpur consisted of three types of administrative areas. Rangpur was conquered by the army ofRaja Man Singh, a commander of theMughal emperorAkbar, in 1575, but it was not until 1686 that it was fully integrated into the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was established in the whole of Rangpur in 1611 AD. Place namesMughalbasa ("a locality of the Mughals") andMughalhat ("local market") organized by the Mughals bear testimony to the Mughal association and past of Rangpur and its hinterland. Later, Rangpur passed into the control of Sarker ofGhoraghat.[11]
After theEast India Company gained "Deoani" in 1765, Rangpur came under British rule. TheFakir-Sannyasi rebellion took place in the Rangpur region, in which leaders like FakirMajnu Shah played a key role. The notable anti-colonialist rebels Devi Chaudhurani and Bhabani Pathak were from this region.[12] In theRebellion of 1857, the rebellious sepoys spread terror among the British rulers in the region. Later, in 1930, the firstcivil disobedience movement was started in different parts of Rangpur on the call of Congress. A meeting of the peasant leaders of North Bengal was held here in October 1946, and theTebhaga movement began in November.[13]
Rangpur was a district ofEast Pakistan Province during the Pakistani period. People of Rangpur took an active part in different movements like theBengali language movement,Six point movement and1969 Mass uprising. The first martyr from Rangpur in the liberation war was Sangku Samajhder, who was martyred on the date of 3 March 1971. Rangpur people started theLiberation War decisively on 28 March 1971, only three days after the Pakistani crackdown, by attacking theRangpur Cantonment. During theBangladesh Liberation War, Rangpur was underSector 6 of theBangladesh Forces and it was strategically important due to its proximity to the border with India.[14][15]
The greater Rangpur district was divided into five districts in 1984. On 28 June 2012, Rangpur Municipality was upgraded toRangpur City Corporation, and on 16 September 2018, Rangpur was granted as 8thMetropolitan city of Bangladesh.[16][17]
Rangpur is the divisional headquarters of Rangpur Division. The soil composition is mainlyalluvial soil (80 percent) of theTeesta River basin, and the remaining isbarind soil. The elevation of Rangpur is 34 meters.[18] The temperature ranges from 32 degrees Celsius to 11 degrees Celsius, and the annual rainfall averages 2931 mm. Rangpur town, covering an area of around 42 square kilometers, lies on the bank of the Ghaghat River and was turned into a municipality back in 1869.[19]
Rangpur has ahumid subtropical climate (KöppenCwa), also in theTrewartha climate classification (subtropical summer wetCw). The four seasons of Rangpur are generally characterized as a summer or pre-monsoon season with high temperatures and frequent intense thunderstorms namedNor'westers (March–May); an intense and very wetmonsoon season with substantial flooding in low-lying areas (June–September); a short and cooler autumn season (October–November); and lastly, the more pleasant, mild and drier winter season (December–February) with warm afternoons and cool mornings, with some cold nights. The average annual temperature in Rangpur is 24.9 °C (76.8 °F). In winter, it can be veryfoggy, and nighttime temperature can fall below 5 °C (41.0 °F), whereas daytime temperature remains around 20 °C (68.0 °F). About 2,192 mm (86.30 in) of precipitation falls annually, almost all of it falling in the monsoon season (June to September), Although there is very little rain from November to March, a small amount ofprecipitation can be seen due toWestern Disturbance coming from theMediterranean Sea. Snow andfrost have been recorded in Rangpur, though very rarely.
Climate data for Rangpur (1991–2020, extremes 1883-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.4 (84.9) | 34.4 (93.9) | 43.3 (109.9) | 42.5 (108.5) | 41.2 (106.2) | 38.2 (100.8) | 38.4 (101.1) | 39.8 (103.6) | 38.5 (101.3) | 37.2 (99.0) | 33.4 (92.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 43.3 (109.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) | 26.4 (79.5) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.9 (89.4) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 28.7 (83.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 29.7 (85.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) | 19.5 (67.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 26.2 (79.2) | 27.5 (81.5) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.3 (82.9) | 26.5 (79.7) | 22.5 (72.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 24.6 (76.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) | 13.7 (56.7) | 17.6 (63.7) | 21.3 (70.3) | 23.4 (74.1) | 25.3 (77.5) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 17.7 (63.9) | 13.3 (55.9) | 20.3 (68.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) | 3.7 (38.7) | 8.6 (47.5) | 14.7 (58.5) | 16.4 (61.5) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 20.7 (69.3) | 19.1 (66.4) | 14.2 (57.6) | 10.1 (50.2) | 5.2 (41.4) | 3.5 (38.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 9 (0.4) | 10 (0.4) | 27 (1.1) | 121 (4.8) | 277 (10.9) | 426 (16.8) | 416 (16.4) | 343 (13.5) | 382 (15.0) | 171 (6.7) | 6 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 2,192 (86.4) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1 mm) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 15 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 108 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 82 | 75 | 68 | 74 | 81 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 87 | 84 | 80 | 81 | 81 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 184.6 | 206.9 | 239.3 | 210.0 | 199.4 | 150.2 | 154.9 | 172.0 | 165.5 | 227.8 | 236.6 | 214.8 | 2,362 |
| Source 1:NOAA[20] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:Bangladesh Meteorological Department (humidity 1981-2010)[21][22] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 34,000 | — |
| 1960 | 44,000 | +29.4% |
| 1970 | 68,000 | +54.5% |
| 1980 | 134,000 | +97.1% |
| 1991 | 191,398 | +42.8% |
| 2001 | 241,310 | +26.1% |
| 2011 | 300,659 | +24.6% |
| 2022 | 708,534 | +135.7% |
| Source: popstat,pre-1991,citypopulation.de after 1991,2022 census | ||
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islam | 91.93% | |||
| Hinduism | 7.98% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.09% | |||
As of the 2022 census, Rangpur City Corporation had 170,733 households and a population of 708,570. 15.99% of the population was under 10 years of age. Rangpur had a literacy rate of 80.94% for those 7 years and older and a sex ratio of 103.79 males per 100 females.[2]
According to the2011 Bangladesh census, Rangpur city had 64,885 households and a population of 300,659. 51,791 (17.23%) were under 10 years of age. Rangpur had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 72.08%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 926 females per 1000 males.[23]
The city is a commercial hub. Its center has several government offices and private banks, insurance companies, residential hotels, and international restaurants, such as Chinese, Thai, Indian, and Mexican,convenience food, and gift shops. It is one of the most important economic zones in Bangladesh because of its global positioning. Rangpur is one of the major tobacco producing regions inBangladesh.[24] The northern suburbs of Rangpur are home to tobacco companies likeBritish American Tobacco,Akij Group, andAbul Khair Group.
Cricket is the most popular sport in Rangpur, Bangladesh, while field hockey, basketball,football, baseball, and tennis are also popular.[25]
The most popular sport in Rangpur is cricket, although football is also popular. There is a 25,000-capacityRangpur Stadium that is used for football and other sports. Another local stadium isCricket Garden,[26] which is mainly used for cricket. There are also a few sports training academies in the city. Rangpur has aBangladesh Premier League franchise known asRangpur Riders. In December 2012, I Sports bought the Rangpur franchise for $1.01 million, which is currently owned byBashundhara Group. It also has a domestic cricket team named theRangpur Division cricket team. Notable players from Rangpur who have played for thenational team includeNasir Hossain[27] andSuhrawadi Shuvo.[28]
TheRangpur City Corporation (RCC) is responsible for governing municipal areas in the Rangpur Metropolitan Area. It was established on 28 June 2012. Rangpur City Corporation's total area is 205.70 square kilometers. There is a population of 796,556 people in the city corporation area.[29] It is headed by the mayor of Rangpur. The mayor and ward councillors are elected every five years. The mayor's office has jurisdiction over all 33 wards of Rangpur. Its principal sources of revenue are municipal taxes and conservancy charges.
Rangpur is theheadquarters of the66th Infantry Division of theBangladesh Army.
Major educational institutions in the city including:
Rangpur City Corporation is divided into 33 wards and different neighbourhoods (Mahallah), which can be categorized as Urban and Suburban.
Rangpur is well connected by highways to Chittagong and Dhaka, as well as other parts of Rangpur. It takes about 6 to 7 hours by road to reach the capital, Dhaka, byNational Highway 5. Bus services to other major districts are also available from Rangpur. Highway links to India have been established through theAsian Highway 2. Rangpur also has aBRTC double-decker bus service,[31] which connects the suburbs of the city to the city center.
The Rangpur Railway Station is the main railway station providing trains on national routes operated by the state-runBangladesh Railway. TheRangpur Express[32] is a Bangladeshi intercity train that runs between Rangpur andDhaka. Other trains running between Rangpur and Dhaka are theKurigram Express andLalmoni Express.
The city of Rangpur is served bySaidpur Airport, located to the north of the city. Saidpur Airport is a domestic airport.Saidpur Airport is connected through several private airlines such asNovoair,US-Bangla Airlines,Air Astra, andBiman Bangladesh Airlines, a government airline with its main hub in the capital city of Bangladesh,Dhaka. A massive renovation is going on at Saidpur Airport ahead of its planned transformation into the new international airport for the northern Bangladesh region.
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