Randolph Churchill | |
|---|---|
 Randolph Churchill,c. 1941 | |
| Member of Parliament forPreston | |
| In office 29 September 1940 – 5 July 1945 Serving with Edward Cobb | |
| Preceded by | Adrian Moreing |
| Succeeded by | John William Sunderland |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Randolph Frederick Edward Spencer Churchill (1911-05-28)28 May 1911 London, England |
| Died | 6 June 1968(1968-06-06) (aged 57) East Bergholt,Suffolk, England |
| Resting place | St Martin's Church, Bladon |
| Party | Conservative |
| Spouses | |
| Children | |
| Parents | |
| Education | Eton College |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
| Profession |
|
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1938–1961 |
| Rank | Major |
| Unit | 4th Queen's Own Hussars Queen's Royal Irish Hussars |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards | Member of the Order of the British Empire |
MajorRandolph Frederick Edward Spencer Churchill[a] (28 May 1911 – 6 June 1968) was a British journalist, writer and politician.
The only son of futureBritish Prime MinisterWinston Churchill and his wife,Clementine, Randolph was brought up to regard himself as his father's political heir, although their relations became strained in later years. In the 1930s, he stood unsuccessfully for Parliament a number of times, causing his father embarrassment. He was elected asConservativeMember of Parliament (MP) forPreston at the1940 Preston by-election. During theSecond World War, he served with theSAS in North Africa and withTito's partisans inYugoslavia. Randolph lost his seat in1945 and was never re-elected to Parliament. Despite his lack of success in politics, Randolph enjoyed a successful career as a writer and journalist. In the 1960s, he wrote the first two volumes of the official life of his father.
Randolph was married and divorced twice. His first wife wasPamela Digby (later Harriman); their sonWinston later became a Conservative MP. Throughout his life, Randolph had a reputation for rude, drunken behaviour. By the 1960s, his health had collapsed from years of heavy drinking; he outlived his father by only three years.
Randolph Churchill was born at his parents' house atEccleston Square, London, on 28 May 1911.[1][b] His parents nicknamed him "the Chumbolly" before he was born.[c][1]
His fatherWinston Churchill was already a leading Liberal Cabinet Minister, and Randolph was christened in the House of Commons crypt on 26 October 1911, withForeign SecretarySir Edward Grey and Conservative politicianF. E. Smith among hisgodparents.[4] Randolph and his older sisterDiana had for a time to be escorted by plain clothes detectives on their walks in the park, because of threats bysuffragettes to kidnap them.[5] He was a page at the marriage ofthe Prime Minister's daughterViolet Asquith toMaurice Bonham Carter on 1 December 1915.[6]
He recalled theZeppelin raids of 1917 as "a great treat", as the children were taken from their beds in the middle of the night, wrapped in blankets, and "allowed" to join the grown-ups in the cellar;[7] he also recalled theArmistice celebrations atBlenheim Palace.[8]
He went toSandroyd School inSurrey, and later admitted that he had had a problem with authority and discipline. His headmaster reported to his father that he was "very combative". Winston, who had been neglected by his parents as a small boy, visited his son at prep school as often as possible.[9] Randolph was very good-looking as a child and into his twenties. In his autobiographyTwenty-One Years (pp. 24–25) he recorded that at the age of ten he had been "interfered with" by a junior prep school master, who made Randolph touch him sexually; Randolph had only realised that something was amiss when a matron came in, causing the master to leap embarrassed to his feet. At home, a maid overheard Randolph confiding in his sister Diana. He later wrote that he had never seen his father so angry, and that he had made a hundred-mile trip to demand that the teacher be dismissed, only to learn that the teacher had already been sacked.[10][11]
He remembered that he and Diana returned from ice-skating inHolland Park on 22 June 1922 to find the house guarded and being searched by "tough-looking men" following the assassination ofField Marshal Henry Wilson.[12]
Winston gave his son a choice ofEton College orHarrow School, and he chose Eton.[13] Randolph later wrote "I was lazy and unsuccessful both at work and at games ... and was an unpopular boy".[14] He was once said to have been given "six up" (i.e. a beating) by his house's Captain of Games (a senior boy) for being "bloody awful all round".Michael Foot later wrote that this was "the kind of comprehensive verdict which others who had dealings with him were always searching for."[15] He once wrote apologising to his father for "having done so badly and disappointed you so much".[16] During thegeneral strike of 1926 he fixed up a secret radio set as his housemaster would not allow him to have one.[12] In November 1926 his headmaster wrote to his father to inform him that he hadcaned Randolph, then aged 15, after all five of the masters then teaching him had independently reported him for "either being idle or being a bore with his chatter".[17]
As a teenager Randolph fell in love withDiana Mitford, sister of his friendTom Mitford.[18] Tom Mitford was regarded as having a calming influence on him,[19] although his housemaster Colonel Sheepshanks[20] wrongly suspected Randolph and Tom of being lovers; Randolph replied, "I happen to be in love with his sister".[21]
Randolph was "a loquacious and precocious boy".[22] From his teenage years he was encouraged to attend his father's dinner parties with leading politicians of the day, drink and have his say, and he later recorded that he would simply have laughed at anyone who had suggested that he wouldnot go straight into politics and perhaps even become prime minister by his mid-twenties likeWilliam Pitt the Younger.[23][13] His sister later wrote that he "manifestly needed a father's hand" but his father "spoiled and indulged him", and did not take seriously the complaints of his schoolmasters. He was influenced by his godfather Lord Birkenhead (F. E. Smith), an opinionated and heavy-drinking man.[12] Winston Churchill wasChancellor of the Exchequer from late 1924 until 1929. Busy in that office, he neglected his daughters in favour of Randolph, who was his only son.[13] On a visit to Italy in 1927 Winston and Randolph were received byPope Pius XI.[13] In later life "relations between Winston and Randolph were always uneasy, the father alternately spoiling and being infuriated by the son."[22]
In April 1928 Winston forwarded a satisfactory school report to Clementine, who was in Florence, commenting that Randolph was "developing fast" and would be fit for politics,the bar or journalism and was "far more advanced than I was at his age". His mother replied that "He is certainly going to be an interest, an anxiety & an excitement in our lives".[12] He had cool relations with his mother from an early age, in part because she felt him to be spoiled and arrogant as a result of his father's overindulgence.[13][23] Clementine's biographer writes that "Randolph was for decades a recurrent embarrassment to both his parents".[24]
In what would turn out to be his final report on leaving Eton,Robert Birley, one of his history teachers, wrote of his native intelligence and writing ability, but added that he found it too easy to get by on little work or with a journalist's knack of spinning a single idea into an essay.[25]
Randolph went up toChrist Church, Oxford, in January 1929, partway through the academic year and not yet eighteen, after his father's friendProfessor Lindemann had advised that a place had fallen vacant.[26]
In May he spoke for his father at theMay 1929 general election.[27][28] Between August and October 1929 Randolph and his uncle accompanied his father (now out of office) on his lecture tour of the US and Canada.[29][28] His diary of the trip was later included inTwenty-One Years. On one occasion he impressed his father by delivering an impromptu five-minute reply to a tedious speech by a local cleric. AtSan Simeon (the mansion of press baronRandolph Hearst) he lost his virginity to the Austrian-born actressTilly Losch,[30] who was also at one time the lover of his close friendTom Mitford.
Randolph was already drinking double brandies at the age of nineteen, to his parents' consternation.[22] He did little work or sport at Oxford and spent most of his time at lengthy lunch and dinner parties with other well-connected undergraduates and withdons who enjoyed being entertained by them. Randolph later claimed that he had benefited from the experience, but at the time his lifestyle earned him a magisterial letter of rebuke from his father (29 December 1929), warning him that he was "not acquiring any habits of industry or concentration" and that he would withdraw him from Oxford if he did not apply himself to his studies. Winston Churchill had also received a similar and oft-quoted letter of rebuke from his own father,Lord Randolph Churchill, at almost exactly the same age.[31]
Randolph dropped out of Oxford in October 1930 to conduct a lecture tour of the US.[16] He was already in debt; his mother guessed correctly that he would never finish his degree.[12] Contrary to his later claims, his father attempted to dissuade him at the time.[32]
Unlike his father, who had become a powerful orator through much practice, and whose speeches always required extensive preparation, public speaking came easily to Randolph. His son later recorded that this was a mixed blessing: "because of the very facility with which he could speak extemporaneously [he] failed to make the effort required to bring him more success".[33]
Randolph very nearly marriedKay Halle ofCleveland, Ohio, seven years his senior. His father wrote begging him not to be so foolish as to marry before he had established a career.[34] Clementine visited him in December, using money Winston had given her to buy a small car.[16] Contrary to newspaper reports that she had crossed the Atlantic to put a stop to the wedding,[16] she only learned of the engagement when she arrived.[12] She found Randolph, to her horror, living in an extravagant suite of hotel rooms, but was able to write to Miss Halle's father, who agreed that it would be unwise for their children to marry.[34]
Clementine wrote to her husband of one of Randolph's lectures "Frankly, it was not atall good" and commented that he should have had it well-practised by now, although she was impressed by his delivery.[16] She went home in April 1931, having enjoyed Randolph's company in New York.[16] She would later look back on the trip with nostalgia.[12]
Randolph's lecture tour earned him $12,000 (£2,500 at the then rate of exchange, roughly £150,000 at 2020 prices).[34][35] By the time of his mother's arrival he had already spent £1,000 in three months, despite being on a £400 annual parental allowance.[16] He left the US owing $2,000 to his father's friend, the financierBernard Baruch; a debt which he did not repay for thirty years.[34]
In October 1931 Randolph began a lecture tour of the UK. He lost £600 by betting wrongly on the results of thegeneral election; his father paid his debts on condition he gave up his chauffeur-drivenBentley, a more extravagant car than his father drove.[36] In 1931 he sharedEdward James's house in London withJohn Betjeman. By the early 1930s Randolph was working as a journalist for the Rothermere press.[16] He wrote in an article in 1932 that he planned to "make an immense fortune and become Prime Minister".[37] He warned that the Nazis meant war as early as March 1932 in hisDaily Graphic column;[38] his son Winston later claimed that he was the first British journalist to warn about Hitler.[39]
In 1932 Winston Churchill hadPhilip Laszlo paint an idealised portrait of his son for his 21st birthday.[d][10] Winston Churchill organised a "Fathers and Sons" dinner atClaridge's for his birthday on 16 June 1932, withLord Hailsham and his sonQuintin Hogg,Lord Cranborne andFreddie Birkenhead, the son of Winston's late friendF. E. Smith.[40] Also present wereAdmiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty andhis son, andOswald Mosley (then still seen as a coming man).[16] That year Randolph flew into a rage withLord Beaverbrook, when hisDaily Express singled him out in a story on the sons of great men, which sneered that "major fathers as a rule breed minor sons, so our little London peacocks had better tone down their fine feathers." "The function of the gossip writer", said Randolph, "is not among those which commend themselves mostly highly to my generation" (in middle age Randolph would himself become a highly paid London gossip columnist).[41]
Randolph reported from theGerman elections in July 1932.[39] Randolph encouraged his father to try to meetAdolf Hitler in summer 1932 whilst he was retracingthe Duke of Marlborough's march toBlenheim (Winston was writing the Duke's life at the time); the meeting fell through at the last minute as Hitler excused himself.[38] Randolph had an affair withDoris Castlerosse in 1932, causing a near fight with her husband. She later claimed to have had an affair with his father Winston in the mid-1930s, although Winston's biographerAndrew Roberts believes the latter claim unlikely to be true.[42][43]
Randolph, then aged just 21, was sent to Paraguay in August 1932 by Beaverbrook'sDaily Express. Just after his arrival inAsunción, he conducted an interview with Major Arturo Bray Riquelme, Director of the Military School and Commander of the R.I. 6 "Boquerón", formed from the officers and cadets of theParaguayan Military School; this report was published in theDaily Express on Thursday, 11 August 1932, when the R.I. 6 was in full preparation to depart or at the war front in theChaco. Arturo Bray was highly sought after by the British press as he had served as a British officer in the World War I and was highly decorated.[44][45][46]
AtLady Diana Cooper's fortieth birthday party inVenice that year a woman was deliberately burned on her hand with a cigarette by a thwarted lover, and Randolph sprang to her defence.[47]
Randolph also became embroiled in the controversy of the February 1933King and Country debate at theOxford Union Society. Three weeks after the Union had passed a pacifist motion, Randolph and his friendLord Stanley proposed a resolution to delete the previous motion from the Union's records. After a poor speech from Stanley, thepresident, Frank Hardie, temporarily handed over the chair to the librarian and opposed the motion on behalf of the Union, a very unusual move. The minutes record that he received "a very remarkable ovation".[48] Randolph was then met by a barrage of hisses and stink bombs.[49] His speech, facing what the minutes describe as a "very antipathetic and even angry house" was "unfortunate in his manner and phrasing" and was met with "delighted jeers". He then attempted to withdraw the motion. Hardie was willing to permit this, but an ex-president pointed out from the floor that a vote of the whole house was required to allow a motion to be withdrawn. The request to withdraw was defeated by acclamation and the motion was then defeated by 750 votes to 138 (a far better attendance than the original debate had attained).[48] Randolph had persuaded a number of other former students, life members of the Union, to attend in the hope of carrying his motion.[50] A bodyguard of Oxford Conservatives and police escorted Churchill back to his hotel after the debate.[49] SirEdward Heath recorded in his memoirs that after the debate some of the undergraduates had been intent ondebagging him.[51][e] Winston Churchill wrote praising his son's courage in addressing a large, hostile audience, adding that "he was by no means cowed".[52]
Randolph's good looks and self-confidence soon brought him some success as a womaniser, but his attempt to seduce one young woman at Blenheim failed after she spent the night in bed with his cousinAnita Leslie for protection, while Randolph sat on the side of the bed talking at length of "when I am prime minister".[16] Randolph, who had been lucky not to be named in court as one of her lovers, also comforted a tearful Tilly Losch in public atQuaglino's after her divorce in 1934, to the amusement of the other diners and the waiters.[16]
In the 1930s, Winston's overindulgence of his son was one of several causes of coolness between him and Clementine.[10] Clementine several times threw him out ofChartwell after arguments; at one time Clementine told Randolph she hated him and never wanted to see him again.[53]
Randolph Churchill's political career (like that of his son) was not as successful as that of his father or grandfatherLord Randolph Churchill. In an attempt to assert his own political standing he announced in January 1935 that he was a candidate in theWavertree by-election in Liverpool; on 6 February 1935, an Independent Conservative on a platform of rearmament and opposition toIndian Home Rule. His campaign was funded byLucy, Lady Houston, an eccentric ardent nationalist who owned theSaturday Review. In an attempt to encourage Randolph, Lady Houston sent him a poem:
When the truth is told at Wavertree
Wavertree will set India free
AndSocialist Mac will be up a tree
With all his lies and hypocrisy
Your Indian kinsfolk from over the sea
Are crying to thee
To save them from horrors you cannot see
Gallant Randolph can set them free
For Randolph is brave and Randolph has youth
And is boldly determined to tell the truth
Pitt was premier at twenty three
So why not he?[54]
The poem was widely disseminated in the press – but without the unflattering references to 'Socialist Mac[Donald],' who at the time was still Prime Minister of the Conservative-dominated National Government.
His involvement was criticised by his father for splitting the official Conservative vote and letting in a winning Labour candidate, although Winston appeared to support Randolph on the hustings.[55][22][12]Michael Foot was an eyewitness at Wavertree, where he blamed Baldwin's India policy (allowing India to impose tariffs on imported British goods) for hurting the Lancashire cotton trade. When he asked rhetorically, "And who is responsible for putting Liverpool where she is today?" a heckler shouted, "Blackburn Rovers!". "He collected 10,000 Independent votes in a few days and handed the seat on a platter to the Labour Party" as Foot later put it.[56] The day after the Wavertree by-election theSecretary of State for IndiaSamuel Hoare wrote toViceroyLord Willingdon “that little brute Randolph has done a lot of mischief … The fact that he kept our man out will undoubtedly do both Winston and him a good deal of harm in the party. The fact, however, that he got more votes than we expected is disquieting. It shows that there is a great deal of inflammable material about and it makes me nervous of future explosions.”[57]
In March 1935, again with financial backing fromLady Houston,[54] he sponsored an Independent Conservative candidate, Richard Findlay, also a member of theBritish Union of Fascists, to stand in aby-election inNorwood. This attracted no backing from MPs or the press, and Findlay lost[58] to the official Conservative candidate,Duncan Sandys, who in September that year became Randolph's brother-in-law, marrying his sisterDiana.[59] He had a violent row with his father about Norwood; Winston did not support him in any way this time, although he was suspected by other Conservatives of having done so.[12] Duncan Sandys was the only one of Randolph's Conservative opponents to win; Randolph soon became jealous when Sandys joined the family and Churchill warmed to him.[60]
Having blamed Baldwin and the party organization for his loss, Randolph libelled Sir Thomas White, the leader of the Liverpool Conservatives.. Over the summer he was summoned to the High Court to pay damages of £1,000; when advised that without an apology his career in politics was over, he immediately backtracked.[61]
Randolph Churchill was an effective manipulator of the media, using his family name to obtain coverage in newspapers such as theDaily Mail. In theNovember 1935 general election he stood as the official Conservative candidate at Labour-heldWest Toxteth; reportedly he was so unwelcome that they threw bananas.[62] TheEarl of Derby lent his support, and Randolph continued to aid the Conservative campaigning across the city.[63] He stood for Parliament a third time, as aUnionist on 10 February 1936 in aby-election atRoss and Cromarty, opposed to theNational Government candidacy ofMalcolm MacDonald. Randolph's campaign was funded by Lady Houston for a third time. It was long and lively, carried out in wintry conditions in which Randolph and the other candidates drove many miles over narrow mountain tracks, carrying spades in their cars to dig themselves out of snowdrifts, to reach far areas of the large constituency.[54] Although Randolph enjoyed it all enormously, he was defeated again.[64] This embarrassed his father, who was hoping to be offered a Cabinet position at this time.[22]
In September 1936, at his father's behest, Randolph pursued his younger sisterSarah to the US in a vain attempt to dissuade her from marrying the much older comedianVic Oliver.[65]
Lady Houston had backed Randolph's three attempts to stand for Parliament. He was better backed financially than his father had ever been.[53] This support came to a halt when she died late in 1936. Freddie Birkenhead remarked that he was "unbowed but bloody as usual". Thereafter he used his employment as a Beaverbrook/Rothermere journalist to promote his political career and to warn of the dangers of Hitler. In 1937 he tried in vain to get an invitation fromUnity Mitford to meet Hitler.[66] The diarist"Chips" Channon speculated (15 April) that if Winston Churchill were to return to office under the new prime ministerNeville Chamberlain the outcome might be "an explosion of foolishness after a short time", war with Germany or even "a seat for Randolph".[67] Churchill warned the House of Commons (19 July 1937) that there were twelve-inch Spanish howitzers trained onGibraltar. Channon recorded that this reduced the House's sympathies forFranco, but that when the House learned that the source was "Master Randolph" (as he described him) MPs were merely amused.[68]
Virginia Cowles first met Randolph in New York in the early 1930s. He helped her to get a visa to report from the USSR in February 1939. She praised his courage but wrote that "going out with him was like going out with a time bomb. Wherever he went an explosion seemed to follow. With a natural and brilliant gift of oratory, and a disregard for the opinions of his elders, he often held dinner parties pinned in a helpless and angry silence. I never knew a young man who had the ability to antagonise so easily."[69] At a dinner at Blenheim forLady Sarah Spencer-Churchill's 18th birthday in July 1939 a drunk Randolph had to be removed after behaving badly to a woman who spurned his advances and starting a row with another man over Winston's reputation.[70]
In August 1938, Randolph Churchill joined his father's old regiment, the4th Queen's Own Hussars, receiving a commission as a second lieutenant in the supplementary reserve,[71] and was called up for active service on 24 August 1939.[72][22][73][74] He was one of the oldest of the junior officers, and not popular with his peers. In order to win a bet, he walked the 106-mile round trip from their base in Hull to York and back in under 24 hours. He was followed by a car, both to witness the event and in case his blisters became too painful to walk further, and made it with around twenty minutes to spare. To his great annoyance, his brother officers did not pay up.[75]
On the outbreak of war, Randolph's father was appointedFirst Lord of the Admiralty. He sentCaptainLord Louis Mountbatten, along with Lieutenant Randolph Churchill, aboardHMS Kelly (which was based at Plymouth at the time) to Cherbourg to bring theDuke andDuchess of Windsor back to England from their exile. Randolph was on board the destroyer untidily attired in his 4th Hussars uniform; he had attached the spurs to his boots upside down. The Duke was mildly shocked[76] and insisted on bending down to fit Randolph's spurs correctly.[73]
Randolph was in love withLaura Charteris (she did not reciprocate) but his mistress at the time was the American actressClaire Luce, who often visited him in camp. He appears to have decided that as Winston's only son, it was his duty to marry and sire an heir in case he was killed, a common motivation among young men at the time. He quickly became engaged toPamela Digby[73] in late September 1939.[77] It was rumoured that Randolph had proposed to eight women in the previous few weeks, and Pamela's friends and parents were not pleased about the match. She was charmed by Randolph's parents, both of whom warmed to her and felt she would be a good influence on him.[78] They were married in October 1939.[77] On their wedding night, Randolph read her chunks ofEdward Gibbon'sThe Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Despite this, she became pregnant by the spring of 1940.[78]
In May 1940, Randolph's father, to whom he remained close both politically and socially, became prime minister, just as theBattle of France was beginning. In the summer of 1940, Winston Churchill's secretary,Jock Colville, wrote (Fringes of Power p. 207) "I thought Randolph one of the most objectionable people I had ever met: noisy, self-assertive, whining and frankly unpleasant. He did not strike me as intelligent. At dinner he was anything but kind to Winston, who adores him."[79] The polemic against appeasementGuilty Men (July 1940), in fact written anonymously byMichael Foot,Frank Owen, andPeter Howard, was wrongly attributed to Randolph Churchill.[80]
Randolph was elected unopposed to Parliament forPreston at a wartime by-election in September 1940.[81] Soon afterwards, his sonWinston was born on 10 October 1940.[82][83] During the first year of marriage, Randolph had no home of his own untilBrendan Bracken found them a vicarage atIckleford, nearHitchin,Hertfordshire. Pamela often had to ask Winston to pay Randolph's gambling debts.[84]
It was widely suspected, including by Randolph himself, that secret orders had been given that the 4th Hussars were not to be sent into action (they were, as soon as Randolph transferred out). Randolph transferred toNo. 8 (Guards) Commando. In February 1941 they were sent out, a six-week journey via theCape of Good Hope and the East Coast of Africa, avoiding the Central Mediterranean where theItalian navy and Axis air forces were strong. Randolph, who was still earning £1,500 per annum as aLord Beaverbrook journalist, lost £3,000 gambling on the voyage. Pamela had to go to Beaverbrook, who refused her an advance on Randolph's salary. Declining his offer of an outright gift (it is unclear whether submitting to his sexual advances was a condition), she sold her wedding presents, including jewellery; took a job in Beaverbrook's ministry, arranging accommodation for workers being redeployed around the country; sublet her home and moved into a cheap room on the top floor ofThe Dorchester (a rather dangerous place to be duringthe Blitz). By accepting hospitality from others most evenings she was able to put her entire salary towards paying Randolph's debts. She may also have had amiscarriage at this time. The marriage was as good as over, and she soon began an affair with her future husbandAverell Harriman, who was also staying at the Dorchester.[85]
Once in Egypt, Randolph served as a General Staff (Intelligence) officer at Middle East HQ.[22] Averell Harriman visited Randolph in Cairo in June 1941 to bring him news of his family. Randolph, who himself had a long-term mistress and several casual girlfriends at the time, had no idea yet that he was being cuckolded. He had recently been reduced to tears on being told to his face by a brother officer how deeply disliked he was, something of which he had previously had no idea.[86] On 28 October 1941 he was promoted to the war-substantive rank of captain (acting rank ofmajor) and put in charge of Army information at GHQ.[72][86] For a time he edited a newspaper,Desert News, for the troops.[81] He lived atShepheard's Hotel. Anita Leslie, then in an ambulance company, wrote that "he could not cease trumpeting his opinions and older men could be seen turning purple with anger" and that he was "insufferable".[87]
On leave in January 1942, he criticised the Tories for exculpating Winston Churchill's decision to defend Greece and Crete. He was sensitive to the "co-operation and self-sacrifice" of parts of the Empire that in 1942 were in more immediate danger than the British Isles, mentioning Australia andMalaya which suffered under Japanese threats of invasion. He was scathing of Sir Herbert Williams'Official Report into the Conduct of the War.[88]
His father, who was under great stress following recent Japanese victories in the Far East, visited him briefly in Cairo in spring 1942.[89] Randolph had a row with his parents so violent that Clementine thought Winston might have a seizure.[90] In April 1942 he volunteered for the newly formedSAS – to his mother's dismay, because of the strain on his father. She contemplated cabling him forbidding him to go, but knew that Winston would want him to.[89][90] He joined the SAS CODavid Stirling and six SAS men on a mission behind enemy lines in theLibyan Desert toBenghazi in May 1942.[91][f] The Benghazi Raid did not reach its goals and Randolph severely dislocated his back when his truck overturned in a road accident during the journey home. After a stay in Cairo he was invalided back to England.[92][89] Randolph had sent few letters to Pamela, and many to Laura Charteris, with whom he was in love and who was in the process of getting divorced.[89]Evelyn Waugh recorded that Pamela "hates him so much that she can't sit in a room with him". By November 1942 Randolph had formally left her; his parents, who adored their baby grandson Winston, sympathised with Pamela.[89]
In November 1942 he visitedMorocco to witness theAmerican landings. Randolph encouraged the conversion ofVichy fighters tode Gaulle's army, submitting reports to Parliament on 23 February 1943.[93] In May 1943 Randolph visited his father inAlgiers, where he was celebrating the successful conclusion of theTunisian Campaign.[94] Randolph, along with his sister Sarah, accompanied his father to theTehran Conference in November 1943. On the way back they quarrelled again about his failed marriage, which may have contributed to the seriousheart attack which Winston Churchill suffered at Tunis.[95] He visited his father, who was laid up withpneumonia, inMarrakesh in December 1943 (General Alexander gave him a lift on his plane).[96] He was promoted to the temporary rank of major on 9 December.[72]
Randolph had encounteredFitzroy Maclean in theWestern Desert Campaign. Winston Churchill agreed to Randolph accepting Maclean's offer to join hismilitary and diplomatic mission (Macmis) toTito's Partisans inYugoslavia, warning him not to get captured in case theGestapo sent him Randolph's fingers one by one.[97] He returned to England for training[98] then on January 20th 1944 he parachuted into Yugoslavia.[99][22][100] Tom Mitford was also present in the group.[98] He was later joined in Yugoslavia by Evelyn Waugh and Freddie Birkenhead. Round about this time he lost a bet to read various books of the Bible without speaking, but never paid up.[22]
After the German airdrop outside Tito'sDrvar headquarters in June 1944 ("Operation Knight's Leap") Randolph was awarded theMBE in August,[101] having been recommended for aMilitary Cross. Fitzroy Maclean reported highly of his abilities at this stage.[102] However, Maclean wrote of their adventures together, and some of the problems Churchill caused him, in his memoirEastern Approaches.[103] Tito had barely managed to evade the Germans and Churchill andEvelyn Waugh arrived on the island ofVis and met him on 10 July.[104] In July 1944 he and Waugh were among the ten survivors of a Dakota crash. He suffered spinal and knee injuries. He cried when he learned that his servant had been killed, but behaved with "his usual loud rudeness" as an invalid.[98][99] After discharge from hospital inBari (in the "heel" of Italy), he convalesced with Duff and Diana Cooper in Algiers. His father visited him in Algiers on his way to Italy—they discussed French and British politics.[99]
Randolph was ordered by Maclean to take charge of the military mission in Croatia.[103] By September he was back in Yugoslavia, where Waugh recorded that he was drunk most days, needed to have things repeated back to him when sober, and behaved awfully even when sober. Waugh described him as "a flabby bully who rejoices in blustering and shouting down anyone weaker than himself and starts squealing as soon as he meets anyone as strong—he is a bore—with no intellectual invention or agility. He has a childlike retentive memory, and repetition takes the place of thought. He has set himself very low aims and has not the self-control to pursue them steadfastly." Lovell wrote that every observer, including Duff Cooper and Anita Leslie, recorded frequent "drunken ranting" from him at this period. On good days he could be excellent company.[98] With Waugh he established a military mission atTopusko on 16 September 1944.[105] One outcome was a formidable report detailing Tito's persecution of the clergy. It was "buried" by Foreign SecretaryAnthony Eden (who also attempted to discredit Waugh) to save diplomatic embarrassment, as Tito was then seen as a required ally of Britain and an official "friend".[106][107][108]
Tom Mitford, one of Randolph's few close friends, was killed in Burma, wherethe campaign was approaching its final stages, in March 1945.[98]
Having been demobilised with the war-substantive rank of captain, Randolph received a reserve commission in the 4th Hussars as a second lieutenant on 28 May 1946.[109] He was promoted to captain on 1 November 1947, and remained in the reserves for the next 14 years.[110] He relinquished his commission on 28 May 1961, retiring an honorary major.[111]
Randolph's attendance in the Commons was irregular and patchy, which may have contributed to his defeat inJuly 1945. He had assumed he would hold his seat in 1945, but did not (he never actually won a contested election to Parliament).[112]
Randolph had a blazing row with his father andBrendan Bracken at a dinner atClaridge's on 31 August.[113] The argument was about his father's planned war memoirs, and Randolph stalked off from the table as he disliked being spoken to abruptly by his father in public. His father had misunderstood him to be talking about getting the help of a literary agent, whereas Randolph was in fact urging his father to get tax advice from lawyers, as indeed he eventually did. Randolph had to write later that day explaining himself.[114]
Randolph was divorced from Pamela in 1946.[22] His sister writes that after the war he led a "rampaging existence" as "he always had lances to break, and hares to start". He was loyal and affectionate, but "would pick an argument with a chair".[115] Winston declared that he had a "deep animal love" for Randolph but that "every time we meet we seem to have a bloody row". Randolph believed that he could control his temper by willpower, but he could not do this when drunk and alcohol "fuelled his sense of thwarted destiny".[116] His father no longer had the energy for argument, so reduced the time he spent with Randolph and the amount he confided in him. Randolph maintained good written relations with his mother, but she could not stand arguments and often retreated to her room when he visited. She was able to help him out of his financial difficulties, which he acknowledged, "spared him much humiliation".[115]
As Winston Churchill's relations with his son cooled, he lavished affection on a series of surrogate sons, including Brendan Bracken and Randolph's brothers-in-law Duncan Sandys and, from 1947,Christopher Soames, as well as, to a certain extent, Anthony Eden. Randolph loathed all these men.[10] He had still not entirely abandoned his youthful fantasy of one day becoming prime minister, and resented Eden's position as his father's political heir.[117] Randolph used to refer to Eden as "Jerk Eden".[118]
Noël Coward quipped that Randolph was "utterly unspoiled by failure". He was blackballed from theBeefsteak Club and on one occasion was slapped twice across the face byDuff Cooper at the Paris Embassy for making an obnoxious remark. He reported on the Red Army parade from Moscow. He was still trying to persuade Laura Charteris to marry him. Although they were on–off lovers, she told friends that Randolph needed a mother rather than a wife.[117] In 1948 he tried to persuade Pamela to take him back, but she declined and, having converted toCatholicism, obtained a full annulment, soon beginning a relationship withGianni Agnelli.[119] Randolph accepted that he could never have Laura, with whom he had been in love for much of his adult life.[120]
He courted June Osborne, his junior by eleven years. She was the daughter of Australia-born Colonel Rex Hamilton Osborne,D.S.O.,M.C., of Little Ingleburn,Malmesbury, Wiltshire.[121][122][123][124] Mary Lovell describes her as "a vulnerable and needy girl-woman". They had a stormy three-month courtship, during which at one point in June, high on a mixture ofBenzedrine and wine, she ran toward theRiver Thames and threatened suicide, calling the police and accusing Randolph of indecent assault when he tried to prevent her.[125] Evelyn Waugh wrote to Randolph (14 October 1948) that June "must be possessed of magnificent courage" to marry him. On 23 October he wrote to June at Randolph's request,[126] urging her to see Randolph's good side, calling him "a domestic and home-loving character who has never had a home".[125] Randolph and June were married in November 1948.[115][22]
Randolph's son Winston, then aged eight, remembered June as "a beautiful lady with long, blonde hair" who made an effort to bond with her young stepson.[127] Diana Cooper guessed at once after their honeymoon that Randolph and June were unsuited to one another. They had a daughter,Arabella (1949–2007).[125] The marriage soon deteriorated; his sister Mary later wrote that "He does not seem to have possessed the aptitudes for marriage".[115]
Randolph stood unsuccessfully for the Parliamentary seat ofPlymouth Devonport inFebruary 1950.[22] His opponentMichael Foot wrote that he talked as though Plymouth belonged to him, and issued "a brilliant cascade of abuse" in all directions, including his own party workers.[128]
Randolph reported on theKorean War from August 1950, six weeks after the initial North Korean invasion of the south. The American and South Korean forces were bottled into a perimeter aroundPusan andTaegu. His father gave him a handwritten letter of introduction to GeneralDouglas MacArthur.[129] This was dangerous work: 17 war correspondents were killed, either by enemy fire or in air crashes, including the correspondents ofThe Times and theDaily Telegraph.[130] Randolph was wounded on patrol near theNaktong River.[129] Before seeking treatment he insisted on finishing hiscopy and giving it to the crew of a plane bound for Hong Kong.[125]
While dining in Hong Kong, he had an altercation with the restaurant staff, who then proceeded to get the manually operated lift stuck between floors, and to "accidentally" get grease on his newsharkskin suit while hauling him out. While Winston Churchill was researching his biography of his father,Alan Whicker, who had been Randolph's dining companion for the evening, confirmed the account which Randolph had given to his son at the time.[131] He returned to Korea to report on theInchon Landings, the liberation of Seoul and the UN forces' crossing of the38th Parallel. He then returned to the UK for an operation on his wounded leg on 6 February 1951.[131]
Mary Lovell records that repeated stories of Randolph's drunkenness, foul temper and financial difficulties date from this period. On one occasion, probably around this time, he became drunk and abusive in the first class cabin of aBOAC flight and was removed from the plane at the earliest opportunity (the incident was hushed up to avoid embarrassing his father). Evelyn Waugh visited him in hospital, noting that there was no sign of his wife June, and observed that he had thought his own life dull, "but when I see the alternative I am consoled".[125]
Randolph was involved in an altercation on board a train atNottingham on 22 February 1951. He was denied entry to the locked restaurant car by a railway employee, then later asked by the same man to leave the reserved seat in which he had been sitting. While he stood smoking in the corridor, the man (by Randolph's account) taunted him that he was "in the soup again". Randolph called the man "a bastard". At the next station Randolph was questioned by a plain-clothes policeman who had been summoned to board the train. The railwayman actuallywas illegitimate and he sued Randolph for slander, his lawyers arguing that it was "not in the public interest" for this fact to be revealed. The eminent barrister SirHartley Shawcross finally persuaded him to withdraw his lawsuit after eighteen months of correspondence.[132]
He stood for Parliament for Devonport again in1951.[22] In 1951, as in 1950, Foot and Randolph exchanged invective in public, but got on well in private, often meeting for a drink at the end of the day when Randolph had been deserted by his own party workers, with whom he had a poor relationship. Foot and his wifeJill Craigie would sometimes even escort Randolph back to his train.[133] Michael Foot later said to one of Randolph's researchers: "You and I belong to the most exclusive club in London: the friends of Randolph Churchill".[134]
Having lost every parliamentary contest he ever fought (he had got in unopposed in 1940), he was desperately disappointed not to be able to get back into Parliament as the Conservatives returned to power.[125]
In the days after the 1951 general election, while his father was forming a government, Randolph amused himself by ringing up Conservative MPs who hurried to the phone on being told that "Mr Churchill" wished to speak to them urgently, assuming that they were about to be offered a ministerial position.[135] During the post-war eraAnthony Eden remained the Prime Minister's designated successor, yet when Eden marriedClarissa Churchill in 1952, Randolph could hardly contain his utter contempt for his cousin's new husband. He dubbed his ranting phone calls the "Eden Terror".[136] Randolph had long been jealous of Anthony Eden, and often wrote articles critical of him in theLondon Evening Standard. These articles helped to harm Eden's reputation. Eden did not reply in public, but complained privately to John Colville.[137]
In 1953 Randolph was a Gold Staff Officer at theCoronation.[138] In a speech at a Foyle's literary luncheon at the Dorchester in September 1953[139] Randolph, who "had had a few drinks" asked why a rich man like the press baronLord Rothermere (his former employer) needed to "prostitute" himself by printing details about the private lives of public figures, which Randolph described as "pornography for pornography's sake". Rothermere was not initially worried by this or the next speech.[140][141] Randolph repeated his accusation at the Manchester Publishing Association on 7 October 1953[142] and in another speech. His lawyer and Sir Hartley Shawcross had both urged him to go ahead.[139]
When sober Randolph could still be excellent company, as even his mother admitted, and could even switch off his "temper" when told that lunch was ready. He was assisted byAlan Brien to write the life of Lord Derby; while researching it in 1953, Randolph and June lived at Oving House nearAylesbury, which got him away fromWhite's Club and his gambling friends. The family trustees[143] agreed to buy Stour House,East Bergholt, nearColchester. For the first time he had a proper home of his own.[140]
However, his marriage continued to deteriorate, with occasional reports that he had blacked his wife's eye or that she had left to stay with friends, or that she had flung all her clothes out of a window. There was one furious row atChartwell, described as "gruesome" by June and "his familiar rudeness" by Mary Lovell. He called his brother-in-law Christopher Soames "a shit" and Eden "a jerk" while his father, still prime minister at the time, was so "shaken with fury" that he seemed about to have a seizure. Randolph retired upstairs for a further noisy row with his wife, declaring that he would never see his father again. Sir Winston patched up the argument at 1am.[140] On one occasion he reduced Queen's Restaurant inSloane Square to silence by shouting at June over dinner that she was "a paltry little middle-class bitch always anxious to please and failing owing to her dismal manners". Eventually another diner remonstrated with him for speaking to his wife in that way; Randolph rebuked him for interfering in a private conversation, only to be told that it sounded like a public conversation to him.[140][144] This may well have been the final straw, and June finally left him about a year later, in the summer of 1954.[140]
Even on the eve of his father's resignation, Randolph told his cousin Clarissa Eden that he did not approve of her husband becoming prime minister.[137]
Winston Churchill had declined a peerage at the end of the Second World War in 1945 (being offered theDukedom of Dover), and then did so again on his retirement in 1955 (when he was offered theDukedom of London),[145] ostensibly so as not to compromise his son's political career by preventing him from serving in the House of Commons (life peerages, titles not inherited by sons, were not created until 1958). The main reason was actually that Winston himself wanted to remain in the Commons[146]—but by 1955, when his father resigned as prime minister, Randolph's political career was "already hopeless".[146]
Randolph introduced his father toAristotle Onassis, on whose yachtChristina he was often to cruise, in January 1956.[147]
He set up a private company, "Country Bumpkins", to market his pamphlet "What I said about the Press" (in his speeches in 1953), which most newsagents refused to stock, and soon found himself involved in a libel case.[148] He was carefully briefed on precise details both of facts and of the intricacies of the law. He was very quick-witted under cross-examination.[149] His political opponent Michael Foot spoke on his behalf in court in October 1956, risking his own job on theDaily Herald.[150] He was awarded £5,000 damages in 1958. His son writes that he had been "completely self-controlled".[151]
There is evidence that on a trip to the US in this period, he fathered a daughter, Rhonda Noonan, in Oklahoma whom he placed for aclosed adoption. Paternity has not been established since no biological relative will comment on the question or provide a DNA sample to establish a likely blood relationship.[152][153][154][155][156][157][158]
In January 1958 June filed for divorce from Randolph. He fell in love withNatalie Bevan when she called on him, a case of the 'thunderbolt' of sudden infatuation, witnessed byPatrick Kinross who was there at the time. She was accepted as his companion by the Churchill family, visiting Chartwell, Hyde Park Gate and theChristina.[159] Although they became lovers in the late 1950s, Natalie remained married to her husband and never lived with Randolph.[160]
In November 1958 he gatecrashed a dinner in his father's honour at the British Embassy in Paris (Sir Winston was receiving theCroix de Liberation fromCharles de Gaulle, now returned to power in France); to general relief his mother, with whom he had not spoken in two years, addressed him as "dear boy".[161]
In November and December 1958 Randolph published six articles in theDaily Express about theSuez Crisis. Soon afterward he publishedThe Rise and Fall of Sir Anthony Eden (1959). Questions were asked about it in the House, and Evelyn Waugh called the book "despicable".[161]Clement Attlee reviewed the book as "singularly offensive and inaccurate" and wrote that "Readers of this book will not learn much about Sir Anthony Eden, but they should get a full appreciation of Mr Randolph Churchill". Sir Winston was deeply embarrassed about the book: Attlee later told Eden that Churchill had told him that he should have made his review stronger, while Sir Winston told Eden that he saw little of Randolph these days and that whenever they met, as Eden recorded, "they only had a flaming row. Clemmie nodded sad assent".[162] Eden's biographerRobert Rhodes James described the book as "a diatribe ... best forgotten".[163]
Since February 1959, as soon as it was clear thatNigel Nicolson was in trouble with his local constituency Conservative Association, Randolph's open wish to be MP forBournemouth was the subject of much press talk. He was interviewed for the candidacy by the local Association in May, but was not placed on the shortlist.[164] This was his last attempt to enter Parliament; it had not helped his case that in Liverpool 25 years earlier he had said "I don't want to go into Parliament to represent a lot of stuffy old ladies in Bournemouth, I want to fight for really hard-pressed people".[165]
Randolph inherited something of his father's literary flair, carving out a successful career for himself as a journalist. He edited the "Londoner's Diary" in theEvening Standard and was one of the best-paid gossip columnists onFleet Street. He edited collections of his father's speeches, which were published in seven books between 1938 and 1961.[166]
Although he had no sentimental illusions about colonial peoples, he had no time for regimes based on supposed white superiority. He reported onCyprus (where the British Army was fighting insurgents in the late 1950s) andAlgeria (where French rule was coming to an end in the late 1950s and early 1960s). He particularly disliked theApartheid state of South Africa, and on entering the country he was detained in customs for insisting on giving his thumbprint in ink (as a black person was expected to do) rather than signing the relevant entry form, until it was confirmed that he was entitled to do so. He obtained an interview withHendrik Verwoerd, who was surrounded by revolver-toting bodyguards after addressing a rally in Boer territory. He particularly abhorred theSharpeville Massacre, believing that "10 London bobbies" could have dispersed the crowd relatively peacefully.[167]
In 1960 Randolph published the life ofEdward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby (described by Robert Blake as "a reputable if rather dull book" about a "dull man") to prove to the trustees of his father's papers that he was fit to write his official biography.[22] In May 1960 Sir Winston Churchill approved of Randolph's writing his life. "At last his life had found a purpose" his son later wrote.[168]
Natalie Bevan declined his proposal of marriage in August 1960, but by then they had settled into a stable relationship. Winston Churchill (the younger) never heard Randolph have a row with her.[160]Jonathan Aitken and Michael Wolff were eyewitnesses toBobby Bevan bringing Natalie over for the evening and waiting patiently downstairs while she and Randolph enjoyed aCinq à sept.[169] His divorce from his wife June became final in 1961.[115][22] The locals called him "the Beast of Bergholt" and he had a reputation for not paying small tradesmen. His researchers includedMartin Gilbert, Michael Wolff, Franklin Gannon, Milo Cripps, Michael Molian, Martin Mauthner and Andrew Kerr.[170]
Jonathan Aitken first met him atCherkley Court, the home of Aitken's great-uncle Lord Beaverbrook, where he was having a stand-up blazing row with the journalistHugh Cudlipp who had made the mistake of criticising his father.[171] In the early 1960s, after they had spoken together at an Oxford Union debate the previous evening, Randolph invited Aitken to drive him back to London and join him for lunch with his parents at 28 Hyde Park Gate. After Randolph had insisted on stopping three times for drinks on the way, they arrived late and with Randolph smelling of drink. Aitken beat a hasty retreat as Randolph had a blazing row with his mother while Sir Winston, then in his late 80s, turned red, shook his legs and beat his walking sticks together with anger.[172]
Winston Churchill's secretaryAnthony Montague Browne recorded an incident on board Aristotle Onassis's yacht in June 1963, in which Randolph "erupted likeStromboli", shouting abuse at his aged father, whom he accused of having connived for political reasons with his then wife's affair with Averell Harriman during the war, and calling a female diner who attempted to intervene "a gabby doll". Browne wrote that "[n]othing short of hitting him over the head with a bottle" would have stopped him. ... I had previously discounted the tales I had heard of Randolph. Now I believed them all." Sir Winston, too old to argue back, was physically shaking with rage, so that it was feared he might have another stroke, and afterwards made clear that he wanted his son off the boat. As he was taken off the next day (Onassis had got rid of him by arranging for him to interview theKing of Greece) he was in tears, declaring his love for his father.[173]
Randolph often reported on American politics, and inWashington, DC he often stayed with his former fiancée Kay Halle, who was by then an important Washington hostess during the Democratic administrations of the 1960s. Parties with Washington insiders were often enlivened by his displays of what Aitken describes as Randolph's "boorish aggression and drunken bad manners". The American journalistJoseph Alsop stalked off from one conversation muttering that Randolph should entitle his memoirs "How to Lose Friends and Influence Nobody".[174]
In October 1963 he was in Washington (where he phoned through the news of Prime MinisterHarold Macmillan's illness and impending resignation to President Kennedy). He flew home then travelled to Blackpool, where the Conservative Party Conference was in session. Randolph supportedLord Hailsham for the leadership rather than Macmillan's deputyRab Butler. He knocked on the door of Butler's hotel room and urged him to withdraw from the contest, stressing the 60 telegrams which had been sent to him in support of Hailsham, many of them concocted by his team at East Bergholt. He distributed "Q" (for "Quintin", Lord Hailsham's first name) badges, pinning them on people; he tried to pin one onLord Dilhorne's buttock without his noticing, but accidentally stabbed him with the pin, causing him to bellow with pain. After talking to Jonathan Aitken, who was working forSelwyn Lloyd at the time, he put £1,000 on the eventual winnerAlec Douglas-Home at 6–1 to countervail his bet on Hailsham.[175]Maurice Macmillan,Julian Amery and others were heard to say of Randolph's antics on behalf of Hailsham "if anyone can balls it up, Randolph can".[176] He still hoped, somewhat unrealistically, for a peerage in Macmillan's resignation honours at the end of 1963.[177]
In 1964 Churchill publishedThe Fight for the Tory Leadership. The former Cabinet ministerIain Macleod wrote a review inThe Spectator strongly critical of Randolph's book, and alleging that Macmillan had manipulated the process of "soundings" to ensure that Butler was not chosen as his successor.[178] Robert Blake wrote that Randolph was "blown out of the water" by Macleod's article (17 January 1964) and "for once ... had no comeback".[22]
In 1964 Randolph was laid low bybronchopneumonia which left him so frail he could only whisper. Later in the year he had a tumour, which turned out to be benign, removed from his lung.[179] His mother visited him frequently in hospital after his lung operation.[180] Randolph andEvelyn Waugh had barely spoken for 12 years,[181] but they restored friendly relations that spring; Waugh commented that "It was a typical triumph of modern science to find the one part of Randolph which was not malignant and to remove it."[182][g]
At his father's funeral in January 1965 Randolph walked for an hour in the intense cold, despite being not yet fully recovered from his lung operation.[185] After his father's death, Randolph's relations with his mother, whose approval he had always craved, mellowed a little.[186][187] Randolph organised a luncheon party for her 80th birthday at the Café Royal on 1 April 1965. She often sought and took his advice.[187] He wrote a memoir of his early life,Twenty-One Years, published in 1965.[166]
Winston Churchill's doctorLord Moran publishedThe Struggle for Survival in May 1966. Randolph wrote toThe Times criticising him for publishing within 16 months of his patient's death and contrary to the wishes of the family.[188] Diana Mosley wrote to her sisterNancy Mitford that at least Moran had not told the truth about Churchill's children: "Randolph vile & making him cry" while Diana was being given electric shocks for hysteria and Sarah was frequently being arrested.[189]
Randolph never fully recovered from his 1964 operation.[189] By this time his health was in serious decline. He had been consuming 80–100 cigarettes and up to two bottles of whisky per day for 20 years, far in excess of his father's consumption.[190] Drink had long since destroyed his youthful good looks.[22][10] Accompanied by Natalie Bevan, he often spent winters in Marrakesh and summers inMonte Carlo, sometimes visiting Switzerland. His kidneys were failing, so he seldom drank alcohol any more, and ate little, becoming emaciated. Mary Lovell writes that "though he still behaved with the arrogance ofLouis XIV he was less explosive". Natalie spent the days with him before returning to her own house after helping him to bed.[189]
In 1966 Randolph published the first volume of the official biography of his father.[189] He and his team of researchers carried on working on his father's biography despite his being mortally ill[191] and it brought him fulfilment which he had not previously known.[186] He had finished only the second volume and half a dozen companion volumes by the time of his death in 1968. Five volumes were planned (it eventually ran to eight, under the guidance ofSir Martin Gilbert).[189]
In 1966 he signed a contract with the American politicianRobert F. Kennedy to write a biography of his elder brother, PresidentJohn F. Kennedy, who had beenassassinated in 1963.[175] As a consequence, Randolph obtained access to the Kennedy archives, but he died before beginning work, on the day that Robert wasassassinated.[192]
Randolph Churchill died of aheart attack during the night at his home, Stour House,East Bergholt,Suffolk and was found by one of his researchers the next morning,[189] 6 June 1968.[193] He was 57, and although he had been in poor health for years, his death was unexpected.[194]Alistair Cooke recalled four years later that Churchill had told him the only time he would make the front page would be the day after he died. "Alas, he died the day of Robert Kennedy's assassination and he never made it."[195]
He is buried with his parents (his mother outliving him by almost a decade) and all four of his siblings (Marigold was previously interred inKensal Green Cemetery in London) atSt Martin's Church, Bladon nearWoodstock, Oxfordshire.[196] His will was valued for probate at £70,597 (equivalent to £1,546,488 in 2023).[197][22]
H. G. Wells inThe Shape of Things to Come, published in 1934, predicted aSecond World War in which Britain would not participate but would vainly try to effect a peaceful compromise. In this vision, Randolph was mentioned as one of several prominent Britons delivering "brilliant pacifist speeches [which] echo throughout Europe", but fail to end the war.[198]
Randolph Churchill was played byNigel Havers in theSouthern Television's 1981 drama series,Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years, set in the decade Winston (played byRobert Hardy) was out of office and Randolph himself attempted to enter parliament.[citation needed]
In 2002, Randolph Churchill was portrayed by actorTom Hiddleston inThe Gathering Storm, theBBC –HBO co-produced television biographical film aboutWinston Churchill in the years just prior to World War II.[citation needed]
ITV TV docudramaChurchill's Secret, a screenplay based on the bookThe Churchill Secret: KBO by Jonathan Smith. Broadcast in 2016, it starredMichael Gambon, and depicted Winston Churchill during the summer of 1953 when he suffered a severe stroke, precipitating therapy and resignation; the character of Randolph was played by the English actorMatthew Macfadyen.[citation needed]
Jordan Waller portrayed Randolph Churchill in the 2017 war dramaDarkest Hour.[199]
Ian Davies portrayed him in episode 5 of the 2022 TV seriesSAS: Rogue Heroes.
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