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Raji language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sino-Tibetan language of western Nepal and Uttarakhand, India

Raji
Region	Nepal,India
Native speakers	3,800 (2011 census)^[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Raji–Raute Raji
Dialects	Barh Bandale Naukule Purbiya
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`rji`
Glottolog	`raji1240`
ELP	Raji

Raji is a smallSino-Tibetan language of Nepal andUttarakhand,India. Speakers were until recently nomadic.

Distribution

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Raji is spoken in the following areas of southwestern Nepal:^[1]

Lumbini Province:Banke andBardiya districts
Karnali Province:Surkhet
Sudurpashchim Province:Kailali andKanchanpur districts

It is also spoken byRaji people ofUttarakhand,India, primarily living inPithoragarh district.

InPithoragarh district, Rastogi (2015)^[2] reports that Raji is spoken in the hamlets of Kimkhola, Bhogtirua, Ganagaon, Chipaltara, Madanbori, Kutachaurani, Altodi, Jamtadi, Khirdwari and Chakarpur.

Dialects

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Khatri (2008)^[3] divides Raji into 3 main regional dialects, for which he also provides word lists.

Barabandale: spoken in Jyotinagar, Katasi, Lalbojhi, Kuti, Bhuruwa, Solta, Khairehi, and Keodi ofKailali District; Sundarpur, Bandevi Sibir, Daiji, Krishanpur and Chela Sibir ofKanchanpur District; and Rajigaun, Galfa, and Babiyachaur ofSurkhet District.
Purbiya: Shankarpur, Machhagadh, Baniyabhar, Rambhapur, Dhakela, Dhadhawar, Sanoshree, Gulariya Municipality and Phanphena ofBardiya District.Also Speak in Chhinchu ofSurkhet District.
Naukule : Spoken in Jhil and Kuchaini of Chaumala, Shankarpur of Masuriya, Jarahi of Sadepani, Dhangaghi Municipality and Manera. All are located withinKailali District.

Phonology

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Consonants^[4]
		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	plain	pb	td	ʈɖ	tʃdʒ	kg
Plosive	aspirated	pʰbʱ	tʰdʱ	ʈʰɖʱ	tʃʰdʒʱ	kʰgʱ
Fricative			s			x	h
Nasal	plain	m	n	ɳ		ŋ
Nasal	preaspirated	ʱm	ʱn
Approximant	plain	w	l	r	j
Approximant	preaspirated		ʱl	ʱr	ʱj

Vowels^[4]
	Front	Central	Back
High	iĩ		uũ
Mid	eẽ	əə̃	oõ
Low	ɛɛ̃	aã

References

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^^a ^bRaji atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
^Rastogi, Kavita. 2015.Raji Orthography Development.Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. 14(2): 39–48.doi:10.5070/H914224947
^Khatri, Ramesh. 2008.The structure of verbs and sentences of Raji. MA thesis, Kirtipur: Tribhuvan University.
^^a ^bKrishan, Shree (2001). Nagano, Yasuhiko; Lapolla, Randy J. (eds.). "A Sketch of Raji Grammar".New Research on Zhangzhung and Related Himalayan Languages.3. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology:449–497.doi:10.15021/00002153.

External links

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Raji Language Resource collection of Raji language documentation in the Computational Resource for South Asian Languages (CoRSAL) archive

v t e Greater Magaric languages
Magaric	Magar Kham
Chepangic	Chepang Bhujel
Raji-Raute	Raji Raute Rawat
Dura	Dura Tandrange

Languages of Nepal

Official language

Nepali

Indigenous
languages

Sino-Tibetan

Kiranti	Bahing Bantawa Belhare Chamling Dumi Limbu Sampang Sunwar Thulung Vayu Waling Yakkha
Magaric	Bhujel Chepang Dura Kham Magar
Tamangic	Chantyal Gurung Manang Tamang
Tibetic	Jirel Kagate Kyirong Lepcha Mugomt Naapa Nubri Sherpa Sikkimese Bhutia Yolmo
Other	Baram Dhimal Kaike Lepcha Newar Raji Raute Thangmi

Indo-Aryan

Sign language

Other

State ofUttarakhand

State capitals: legislative:Dehradun (winter);Bhararisain (summer); judicial:Nainital

Government

Symbols	Day Emblem Song Motto
Executive	Governor Chief Minister Council of Ministers Cabinets Chief Secretary Gazette Agencies Departments Disaster Response Force Fire and Emergency Services Provincial Armed Constabulary Forest Department Police Department Public Works Department Public Service Commission Provincial Civil Service Provincial Police Service Provincial Forest Service
Legislature	Legislative Assembly History Speaker Leader of the Opposition
Judiciary	High Court Chief Justice Judges Bar Council Lok Adalat Lokayukta

History

Ancient
kingdoms

Medieval
kingdoms

Colonial
Uttarakhand

Company rule	Ceded and conquered provinces North-Western Provinces Agra Presidency
Crown rule	United Provinces of Agra and Oudh United Provinces

Contemporary
Uttarakhand

Geography
and
ecology

Geological
features

Mountains	Great Himalayas Garhwal Himalayas Sivalik Hills Mountain peaks Bugyals Lakes
Plains	Bhabar Doon Valley Terai Doab Ganges Basin

Ecoregions

Highlands	Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Himalayan subtropical pine forests
Lowlands	Western Himalayan broadleaf forests Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests

Demographics

Ethnic
groups

Indo-Aryans	Garhwalis Kumaonis Jaunsaris Buksas Tharus Van Gujjars
Tibeto-Burmans	Bhotiyas Shaukas Rajis Jads Banrawats

Caste
groups

Languages

Official

Spoken

Indo-Aryan	Garhwali Kumaoni Jaunsari Bangani Buksa Tharu Van Gujjari
Tibeto-Burman	Rongpo Byangsi Chaudangsi Darmiya Raji Rawat Jad

Administrative
divisions

Urban	Districts Tehsils Urban Local Bodies Municipal Corporations
Rural	Parganas Community Development Blocks

Politics

Tourism

Monuments	World Heritage Site Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Ramsar Wetland Asan Barrage Monuments of National Importance State Protected Monuments Temples Tourist attractions in Dehradun
Chardham circuit	Gangotri Yamunotri Yamunotri Temple Badrinath Badrinath Temple Kedarnath Kedarnath Temple Sapta Badri Panch Kedar Panch Prayag Gomukh
National parks	Gangotri Govind Pashu Vihar Jim Corbett Nanda Devi Rajaji Valley of Flowers

Sports