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Raichur Rayachuru | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Raichur City | |
| Nickname: Cotton City | |
 Raichur in Karnataka | |
| Coordinates:16°12′N77°22′E / 16.2°N 77.37°E /16.2; 77.37 | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Karnataka |
| District | Raichur |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipal council |
| Area | |
• Total | 73.2 km2 (28.3 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 407 m (1,335 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 234,073 |
| • Rank | 189 |
| • Density | 3,200/km2 (8,300/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Raichurians |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 584101-103 |
| Telephone code | 91 8532 |
| Vehicle registration | KA-36 |
| Official language | Kannada[1] |
| Website | raichurcity |
Raichur, also pronounced asRāyachūru (formerlyRaichore[2]), is a city and headquarters of eponymousRaichur district in theKarnataka state of India. Raichur, located betweenKrishna andTungabhadra rivers.
The recorded history of the district is traced as far back as the third century B.C.E. Three minor rockedicts of Ashoka are found in the district, one at Maski in theLingasugur taluk and the other two near Koppal, which proves that this area was part of the dominions of theMauryan emperorAshoka. At that time, this region was under the governance of a Viceroy or Mahamatra of Ashoka. Thereafter, the district appears to have been a part of the kingdom of theSatavahanas. TheVakatakas, who reigned during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE, seems to have held sway over Raichur for some time, after which it appears to have been included in theKadamba dominions. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled over this region, was that of theChalukyas of Badami. According to aninscription from Aihole,Pulakeshin II having defeated thePallavas, occupied this area and made it a province in his empire under the governance of his sonAdityavarma. Later the whole of the present Raichur district was included in the dominions of theRashtrakutas, who rose to power in the eighth century, as could be gathered from the inscriptions of that period found in this district. According to an inscription fromManvi taluk, Jagattunga, a subordinate ruler under the Rashtrakuta kingKrishna-II, was ruling the province of Adedore Eradusavirapranta, i.e., the area constituting the present Raichur district.Amoghavarsha Nrupathunga I, a Rashtrakuta king, has described Koppal in his Kannada work,Kavirajamarga, as the great Kopananagara.[3]
Raichur has a rich history, having been a part of various empires, such as theBahmanis Sultanate,Vijayanagara, the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur andnizam of hyderabad. The city is famous for its imposingRaichur Fort.[3] Here, stone inscriptions have been found inPersian,Urdu, andArabic which belonged to the bastion of the fort, referring to its construction in 1294.[4] Among the ruins of the immense fort are manyirrigation tanks and old temples. The fort was built byKakatiya king Rudra in 1284 CE which passed on to the Vijayanagar kingdom after the decline of the Kakatiyas. Thereafter the fort was under dispute for nearly two centuries. It was captured by the Bahmanis in 1323 CE.Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya expressed a wish in his testament that the city of Raichur be recaptured. This had been in the mind of Krishnadevaraya since his coronation in 1509. In the year 1520 Krishnadevaraya sent Saeed Maraikar, a Muslim in his service, to Goa with a large sum of money to buy horses. Maraikar instead went to Adil Khan with the money and offered his services. Krishnadevaraya made a demand that Maraikar be returned along with the money which was duly refused. During the period of peace, Krishnadevaraya made extensive preparations for a grand attack on Raichur doab. After the court decided that Raichur should be attacked the king invited all commanders (Nayakas) in his service to take part in thebattle.
Raichur is very rich from the epigraphical point of view. It has already yielded hundreds of inscriptions, ranging from theMauryan period up to the end of the Muslim period. The inscriptions are in a variety of languages such asSanskrit,Prakrit,Kannada,Telugu, Arabic, and Persian and belonging to almost all the dynasties that ruled over the Deccan. The most important places from this point of view areMaski,Koppal,Kuknur,Hatti Gold Mines,Mudgal,Lingsugur and Raichur.[5]
The District of Raichur was a part of theHyderabad State until the re-organisation of State on 1 November 1956.
Raichur is located at16°12′N77°22′E / 16.2°N 77.37°E /16.2; 77.37 onDeccan plateau.[6] It has an average elevation of 407 metres (1335 ft)
The summers get really hot in this region with temperatures going beyond 40 °C. It receives rainfall during the months between May and August. Overall, the region is warm and humid during most part of the year.
Raichur District comprises 7 administrative sub-divisions, called "Taluks":
As of the 2001 Indiacensus,[7]
Hinduism is majority religion in Raichur with 67.61% followers. Islam is second most popular religion in Raichur with approximately 29.87% following it. In Raichur, Christianity is followed by 1.18%, Jainism by 0.94%, Sikhism by 0.08% and Buddhism by 0.08%. Around 0.00% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.29% stated 'No Particular Religion'.
| Religions in Raichur City (2011)[8] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent | |||
| Hinduism | 67.61% | |||
| Islam | 29.87% | |||
| Christianity | 1.18% | |||
| Jainism | 0.94% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.40% | |||
Raichur is well connected by road andNational Highway 167 Surat Chennai express Highway is passing through raichur.Panji to Hyderabad highway is also in progress.In future raichur might been industrial hub
Raichur Junction is important railway junction forMumbai–Chennai line. Raichur has good railway connectivity with major cities such as BengaluruMumbai,Chennai,New Delhi,Tatanagar,Ahmedabad,Surat,Hyderabad,Mysore,Jaipur,Varanasi,Vijayawada,Mahbubnagar,Tirupati,Dwarka,Tirchy,Madurai,Thiruvananthapuram,Coimbatore,Jamu Tawi,Ludhiana,Ambala,Jalandhar, etc. TheRaichur railway station is located on theMahabubnagar-Munirabad railway line as well as theSolapur-Guntakal section.
| Climate data for Raichur (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 38.4 (101.1) | 40.5 (104.9) | 44.6 (112.3) | 44.0 (111.2) | 45.6 (114.1) | 44.0 (111.2) | 39.4 (102.9) | 37.0 (98.6) | 38.4 (101.1) | 37.6 (99.7) | 38.1 (100.6) | 38.4 (101.1) | 45.6 (114.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.4 (88.5) | 34.2 (93.6) | 37.9 (100.2) | 39.9 (103.8) | 40.4 (104.7) | 36.0 (96.8) | 33.2 (91.8) | 32.3 (90.1) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.4 (88.5) | 30.4 (86.7) | 34.2 (93.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.8 (62.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.1 (71.8) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 18.9 (66.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 21.3 (70.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) | 11.0 (51.8) | 13.0 (55.4) | 16.1 (61.0) | 15.4 (59.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.0 (62.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 16.4 (61.5) | 13.5 (56.3) | 8.5 (47.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 7.1 (44.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 1.8 (0.07) | 4.1 (0.16) | 4.7 (0.19) | 19.8 (0.78) | 45.3 (1.78) | 104.6 (4.12) | 112.8 (4.44) | 122.1 (4.81) | 164.9 (6.49) | 121.5 (4.78) | 11.7 (0.46) | 3.5 (0.14) | 716.6 (28.21) |
| Average rainy days | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 5.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 41.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 36 | 29 | 23 | 24 | 28 | 45 | 56 | 59 | 61 | 57 | 47 | 39 | 42 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[12][13][14] | |||||||||||||
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