Rafael López Aliaga | |
|---|---|
 López Aliaga in 2024 | |
| Mayor of Lima | |
| Assumed office 1 January 2023 | |
| Lieutenant | Renzo Reggiardo |
| Preceded by | Miguel Romero Sotelo |
| Lieutenant | Renzo Reggiardo |
| President of Popular Renewal | |
| Assumed office 29 August 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Luis Castañeda Lossio (as President ofNational Solidarity) |
| Member of theLima Metropolitan Council | |
| In office 1 January 2007 – 1 January 2011 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1961-02-11)11 February 1961 (age 64) Lima,Peru |
| Political party | Popular Renewal(2020–present) |
| Other political affiliations | National Solidarity(2009-2020) |
| Parent(s) | Fernando López Aliaga Paula Cazorla |
| Alma mater | Pedro Ruiz Gallo National University University of Piura (BS) University of the Pacific (MBA) |
Rafael Bernardo López Aliaga Cazorla (born 11 February 1961) is aPeruvian businessman and politician, who is serving asmayor of Lima since 2023. He is currently the leader ofPopular Renewal, the successor toNational Solidarity in 2020.
Entering politics late in his career, López Aliaga was elected toLima's Metropolitan Council, serving under mayorLuis Castañeda Lossio's second term. Following a failed run for thePeruvian Congress in 2011, he remained a member of National Solidarity but stayed in the private sector. It was not until 2019 when he assumed the leadership of his party as General Secretary following Castañeda's pretrial detention for a corruption trial.
At the2020 parliamentary election, López Aliaga gained political attention as he started shifting his party further to theright. Eventually,National Solidarity failed to attain congressional representation in election. Announcing a presidential bid, he was elected president of his party in order to lead a reconstruction process, effectively re-founding the party asPopular Renewal. López Aliaga ran forPresident of Peru at the2021 general election. Fighting for the right-wing vote alongsideKeiko Fujimori andHernando de Soto, he eventually placed third with 11.75% of the popular vote.[1]
Following the election ofPedro Castillo as president, López Aliaga has been considered as one of the most visible leaders of the Peruvian right and of the opposition to Castillo.[2] He ran successfully for themayorship of Lima in2022, narrowly winning with a 26.32% of the vote.[3]
As a businessman, López Aliaga is the co-founder (along with Lorenzo Sousa) and a shareholder of Peruval Corp SA, parent company of Ferrocarril Transandino SA and Peru Rail SA, both train companies with operations inCusco,Arequipa andPuno.
López Aliaga was born inLima on 11 February 1961, but was raised inChiclayo,Lambayeque Region. His father, Fernando López Aliaga, worked in the city's Hacienda Pomalca while his mother, Paula Cazorla, was from theCajamarca Region. Both of his parents werechemical engineers.[4]
Upon graduating from San Agustín School of Chiclayo, López Aliaga was admitted to thePedro Ruiz Gallo National University to studyindustrial engineering. He subsequently dropped out due to the political unrest of the 1980s. Relocating inPiura, he was admitted to theUniversity of Piura to study industrial engineering, completing the degree in four years and graduating first in his class. He obtained abachelor's degree in 1983. Later, he obtained a master's degree in Business Administration (MBA) at theUniversity of the Pacífic, and completed the Senior Management Program (PAD) at the University of Piura.
López Aliaga pursued a career in banking, serving at first inBanco Wiese, and as Corporate and Development Banking Manager atCitibank. Subsequently, he founded Peruvian Corp, a securities enterprise, and Grupo Acres, a hotel and railway finance company. Since 1999, he has been a co shareholder along with Lorenzo Sousa ofPeruRail as well asBelmond's hotels and Trasandino Railway in Peru.[5]
Entering politics through theLima City Council in 2007, López Aliaga maintained a low profile until 2019, when he was elected to the general secretaryship ofNational Solidarity in September 2019. Following the dissolution of thePeruvian Congress, his party was set to run at the2020 parliamentary election. Initially a moderate conservative, López Aliaga adopted aconservative platform.[6] He also ran for a seat in Congress in 2011 under theNational Solidarity Alliance, but he was unsuccessful.[7]
During the 2020 campaign, López Aliaga announced his intention to run forPresident of Peru at the2021 general election, stating in a televised interview that he considered himself to be "the PeruvianBolsonaro".[4][8]
Following his party's poor results at the2020 parliamentary election, he announced an organizational re-foundation.[9][10] In October 2020, López Aliaga officially foundedPopular Renewal, effectively dissolvingNational Solidarity by changing the registered organization's name and platform. Assuming the position of party president, he stated that the party is "re-founded with principles of solidarity and anchored in God, Christ."[11] He campaigns on aneoliberal platform on economic issues and a conservative one on societal issues. A member ofOpus Dei, he is sometimes described as areligious fundamentalist. He calls for a ban onsex education in colleges, which he sees as a form of "cultural Marxism" promoting homosexuality, a ban onabortion, including in cases of rape or danger to the life of the mother, and a ban on gay marriage.[12]
As part of his campaign, he stated the voting in 2021 would be "the last free election in Peru" and "if we don't go well, this will be Venezuela or Cuba, remember me".[13] He also blamed presidentsMartín Vizcarra andFrancisco Sagasti for Peru's economic issues, describing the Vizcarra administration as a "communist style of the government" and called Sagasti a "clown".[13] He proposed further deregulation of Peru and the elimination of half of its ministries.[13] According toThe Guardian, human rights groups were "alarmed by his use of conspiracy theories, disinformation and hate speech against opponents and journalists".[14]
In an interview conducted on January 19, 2021 on theATV channel, he generated controversy with the metaphorical opinion he provided regarding his stance against abortion in rape cases. The words he mentioned were: “I am a hotelier. I have five-star hotels, for me to give a 5-star hotel as a home for a girl is to give her the most affection I can.[15][16]
On February 19, 2021, the Special Electoral Jury (JEE) initiated a sanctioning process against the candidacy of Rafael López Aliaga for violating electoral propaganda regulations. This measure was approved because the applicant said that upon reaching the presidency "he will donate his salary to charitable organizations".[17][18] He was temporarily disqualified from the presidential election on 25 February 2021 for alleged vote-buying based on his statement that if he was elected President, he will donate his salary to charity.[19]Hernando de Soto, his political rival in the 2021 elections, appeared at the demonstration outside the JNE, where López Aliaga was, whom he praised.[20][21]
On March 12, 2021, he presented his technical team, which included former ministers Alfonso Miranda Eyzaguirre, Carlos Herrera Descalzi, Alfonso Velásquez Tuesta, former Vice Minister Eduardo Ponce Vivanco, former Vice President of the Republic,Máximo San Román, the former parliamentarianFabiola Morales Castillo, the former president of the Judiciary Javier Villa Stein, the former director general of the Police José Tisoc Lindley, among others.[22]
In the aftermath of the first round of the2021 general election, López Aliaga confirmed his bid formayor of Lima in the upcoming2022 mayoral election.[23]
Leading the polls early into the election, López Aliaga trailed behind former congressman and Interior minister,Daniel Urresti, who ran for a second time for the mayorship following his defeat toJorge Muñoz at the2018 Lima municipal election.
As part of his campaign, López Aliaga promised to fight crime with support of the reservists group of thePeruvian Armed Forces, in addition to calling for a radical reform of the capital's transportation system.[24] His campaign was managed by former right-wing congressmenJulio Gagó andRenzo Reggiardo, with the latter running for lieutenant mayor.[25]
At the election,Popular Renewal placed first by receiving 26.35% of the popular vote, claiming victory for López Aliaga, in addition winning twelve districts of the capital.[26] In contrast to previous municipal elections, no winning candidate formayor of Lima since 1963 had been elected by less than 30% of the vote, making him the least voted winner in the history of the capital.[27]
In April 2023, anIpsos poll showed that 49% of respondents disapproved of López Aliaga, compared to a 40% approval rate.[28]
Observers have placed him asright-wing tofar-right, and ideologicallyconservative.[29][30][31][32][33][34] Rafael López Aliaga, amember ofOpus Dei, regards himself as a "social Christian", saying that he maintainscelibacy through dailyself-flagellation with achain cilice and thinking of theMary, mother of Jesus.[35][36][37][38] He opposessame-sex marriage, the use ofcontraceptives, thelegalization of marijuana andabortion.[4][39][32] In Peru, he is commonly known under the nickname "Porky", referring to thePorky Pig Show. López Aliaga adopted his nickname for his campaign, so he occasionally costumed himself as pig to protest against the omnipresent corruption in the country.[40][12][31]
López Aliaga signed theMadrid Charter, a document drafted by the Spanish partyVox that describes left-wing groups as enemies ofIbero-America involved in a "criminal project" that are "under the umbrella of the Cuban regime".[41][42] He signed the document along with other right-wing politicians such asJavier Milei of Argentina,José Antonio Kast ofChile andEduardo Bolsonaro of Brazil, the son of PresidentJair Bolsonaro.[42]
Regarding crime, López Aliaga applaudedNayib Bukele during theSalvadoran gang crackdown, calling on theMinistry of Defense to allow thePeruvian Armed Forces to patrol the streets of Lima, including withtanks.[28]
On theCOVID-19 pandemic, he opposes travel restrictions and the use of masks. He himself does not generally use masks in his public appearances, although he explains that he sometimes wears them "so that the press does not criticise [him]." He advocates that the vaccination campaign should be left to the private sector and that individuals should pay for access to vaccination.[12] According toVice, López Aliaga has disseminatedmisinformation about COVID-19 vaccines in Peru, accusing President Sagasti of committing "genocide" for purchasing what he called ineffective vaccines.[43] A month before elections, López Aliaga called for the removal of President Sagasti from office, raising concerns among presidential candidates that he was promoting acoup against the president.[43][29]
On economic issues, he wants to favour private investment and limit the presence of the state. He proposed to abolish social programmes such as food distribution in poor schools, believing that social assistance should be handled by private associations and not by the public authorities.[12]
According to Peruvian media, López Aliaga has been allegedly involved in controversies surrounding his finances.[5][44] He was investigated by the Congress of Peru in 2001 regarding allegations oftax evasion.[45] ThePanama Papers scandal in 2017 mentioned López Aliaga as allegedly being involved withmoney laundering.[5][44] During the campaign his businesses were accused of having a large debt with theSUNAT and of not paying personal debts to the state.[46]
On 18 July 2021, the Public Ministry of Peru opened an investigation intoWillax journalists Philip Butters, Humberto Ortiz and Enrique Luna Victoria, alleging that they were responsible for acts ofsedition and incitingcivil unrest.[47][48] Prosecutor Juana Meza wrote that Willax disseminated "news with a conspiratorial connotation, inciting the electoral results to be unknown, trying to weaken the electoral institutions and even calling for a coup d'état" and was used as a platform "to send messages of hatred and incitement to kill".[47] Rafael López Aliaga was also named in the investigation.[47][48] López Aliaga reportedly called for death in two separate incidents; in May 2021 he chanted "Death to communism! Death toCerrón! Death toCastillo!" to supporters and at the Respect My Vote rally that was organized by Willax TV ownerErasmo Wong Lu on 26 June 2021, where the politician stated "Death to communism, get out of here, filthy communists, you have awakened the lion, to the streets!"[47][48][49]
| Year | Office | Type | Party | Main opponent | Party | Votes for López Aliaga | Result | Swing | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | P. | ±% | ||||||||||||
| 2006 | Lima Metropolitan Councilman | Municipal | National Unity Electoral Alliance | Miguel Neumann Valenzuela | National Restoration | 1,960,588 (List) | 47.82% | 1st | N/A | Won | Gain[50] | ||||
| 2011 | Congressman fromLima | General | National Solidarity | Martha Hildebrandt | Popular Force | 11,877 | 11.46% | 5th | N/A | Lost | N/A[51] | ||||
| 2021 | President of Peru | General | Popular Renewal | Pedro Castillo | Free Peru | 1,692,279 | 11.75% | 3rd | N/A | Lost | N/A[52] | ||||
| 2022 | Mayor of Lima | Municipal | Popular Renewal | Daniel Urresti | Podemos Perú | 1,377,551 (List) | 26.33% | 1st | N/A | Won | Gain[53] | ||||
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