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RAF kinase

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(Redirected fromRaf kinase)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] RAF-1 is between RAS and MEK just above the centre of the diagram.

RAF kinases are a family of threeserine/threonine-specific protein kinases that are related toretroviraloncogenes.[11] The mouse sarcoma virus 3611 contains a RAF kinase-related oncogene that enhancesfibrosarcoma induction. RAF is an acronym forRapidlyAcceleratedFibrosarcoma.[12]

RAF kinases participate in theRAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade, also referred to as themitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade.[11] Activation of RAF kinases requires interaction withRAS-GTPases.

The three RAF kinase family members are:

References

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  1. ^Rossomando AJ, Payne DM, Weber MJ, Sturgill TW (September 1989)."Evidence that pp42, a major tyrosine kinase target protein, is a mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.86 (18):6940–6943.Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.6940R.doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.6940.PMC 297966.PMID 2550926.
  2. ^Bonni A, Brunet A, West AE, Datta SR, Takasu MA, Greenberg ME (November 1999). "Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms".Science.286 (5443):1358–1362.doi:10.1126/science.286.5443.1358.PMID 10558990.
  3. ^Chadee DN, Yuasa T, Kyriakis JM (February 2002)."Direct activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase MEKK1 by the Ste20p homologue GCK and the adapter protein TRAF2".Molecular and Cellular Biology.22 (3):737–749.doi:10.1128/MCB.22.3.737-749.2002.PMC 133545.PMID 11784851.
  4. ^Chang L, Karin M (March 2001). "Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades".Nature.410 (6824):37–40.doi:10.1038/35065000.PMID 11242034.S2CID 4407701.
  5. ^Chen YR, Tan TH (April 2000). "The c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and apoptotic signaling (review)".International Journal of Oncology.16 (4):651–662.doi:10.3892/ijo.16.4.651.PMID 10717232.
  6. ^Hazzalin CA, Mahadevan LC (January 2002). "MAPK-regulated transcription: a continuously variable gene switch?".Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology.3 (1):30–40.doi:10.1038/nrm715.PMID 11823796.S2CID 23168636.
  7. ^Kato Y, Kravchenko VV, Tapping RI, Han J, Ulevitch RJ, Lee JD (December 1997)."BMK1/ERK5 regulates serum-induced early gene expression through transcription factor MEF2C".The EMBO Journal.16 (23):7054–7066.doi:10.1093/emboj/16.23.7054.PMC 1170308.PMID 9384584.
  8. ^Kiefer F, Tibbles LA, Anafi M, Janssen A, Zanke BW, Lassam N, et al. (December 1996)."HPK1, a hematopoietic protein kinase activating the SAPK/JNK pathway".The EMBO Journal.15 (24):7013–7025.doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01093.x.PMC 452527.PMID 9003777.
  9. ^Pearson G, English JM, White MA, Cobb MH (March 2001)."ERK5 and ERK2 cooperate to regulate NF-kappaB and cell transformation".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.276 (11):7927–7931.doi:10.1074/jbc.M009764200.PMC 4372717.PMID 11118448.
  10. ^Weston CR, Lambright DG, Davis RJ (June 2002). "Signal transduction. MAP kinase signaling specificity".Science.296 (5577):2345–2347.doi:10.1126/science.1073344.PMID 12089430.S2CID 93194160.
  11. ^abRoskoski R (August 2010). "RAF protein-serine/threonine kinases: structure and regulation".Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.399 (3):313–317.doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.092.PMID 20674547.
  12. ^Zebisch A, Troppmair J (June 2006)."Back to the roots: the remarkable RAF oncogene story".Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.63 (11):1314–1330.doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6005-y.PMC 11136008.PMID 16649144.S2CID 20116800.
Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (EC 2.7.11.2)
Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3)
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase (EC 2.7.11.4)
(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase (EC 2.7.11.5)
(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.6)
Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7)
Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.8)
Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.9)
  • -
IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11)
cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12)
Protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)
Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14)
Beta adrenergic receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.15)
G-protein coupled receptor kinases (EC 2.7.11.16)
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (EC 2.7.11.17)
Myosin light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18)
Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.11.19)
Elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20)
Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)
Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)
Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)
Cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22)
(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24)
MAP3K (EC 2.7.11.25)
Tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26)
(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27)
  • -
Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28)
  • -
Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29)
  • -
Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30)
MAP2K
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