AMD Radeon HD 6000 series

Release date	October 22, 2010; 15 years ago (2010-10-22)
Codename	Northern Islands Vancouver
Architecture	TeraScale 2 TeraScale 3
Transistors	292M 40 nm (Cedar) 370M 40 nm (Caicos) 716M 40 nm (Turks) 1.040M 40 nm (Juniper) 1.700M 40 nm (Barts) 2.640M 40 nm (Cayman) 2x 2.640M 40 nm (Antilles)
Cards
Entry-level	6350 6450 6570
Mid-range	6670 6750 6770 6790
High-end	6850 6870 6930 6950 6970
Enthusiast	6990
API support
Direct3D	Direct3D 11 (feature level 11_0)[3] Shader Model 5.0
OpenCL	OpenCL 1.2[1]
OpenGL	OpenGL 4.5[2]
History
Predecessor	Radeon HD 5000 series
Successor	Radeon HD 7000 series
Support status
Unsupported

TheNorthern Islands series is a family ofGPUs developed byAdvanced Micro Devices (AMD) forming part of itsRadeon-brand, based on the 40 nm process. Some models are based onTeraScale 2 (VLIW5), some on the newTeraScale 3 (VLIW4) introduced with them.

Starting with this family, the formerATI brand was officially discontinued in favor of making a correlation between the graphics products and the AMD branding for computing platforms (the CPUs and chipsets). Therefore, the AMD brand was used as the replacement. The logo for graphics products and technologies also received a minor makeover (using design elements of the 2010 "AMD Vision" logo). This also marks the end of the "Mobility Radeon" name in their laptop GPUs, keeping only the "M" suffix in the GPU model number to signify a Mobile variant.

Its direct competitor wasNVIDIA'sGeForce 500 series; they were launched approximately a month apart.

This article is about all products under the Radeon HD 6000 seriesbrand.

• A GPU implementingTeraScale 2 version "Northern Island (VLIW5)" is found on all models except the "HD 6900" branded products.
• The "HD 6350" is based on TeraScale 2 "Evergreen".
• A GPU implementingTeraScale 3 version "Northern Island (VLIW4)" is found on "HD 6900" branded products.
• OpenGL 4.x compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders. These are implemented by emulation on someTeraScale (microarchitecture) GPUs.

TheAMD Eyefinity-branded on-diedisplay controllers were introduced in September 2009 in theRadeon HD 5000 series and have been present in all products since.^[4]

Unified Video Decoder (UVD3) is present on thedie of all products and supported byAMD Catalyst and by thefree and open-source graphics device driver.^[5]

OpenCL accelerates many scientific Software Packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more.Open CL 1.0 to 1.2 are supported for all Chips with Terascale 2 and 3.^[6]

The 6800 series was the first batch of the Radeon 6000 series. Codenamed ''Northern Islands'',^[7] this series was released on October 22, 2010, after brief delays. Over the following months, the budget, midrange, and high-end cards were filled into the series.

AMD released the entry-level Radeon HD 6400 GPU on February 7, 2011. CodenamedCaicos, it came to market at the same time as the Radeon HD 6500/6600Turks GPUs. The sole Caicos product, the Radeon HD 6450, aimed to replace the HD 5450. Compared to the 5450 it has double the stream processors,GDDR5 support, along with new Northern Island technologies.

CodenamedTurks, these entry-level GPUs were released on February 7, 2011. The Turks' family includes Turks PRO and Turks XT which are marketed as HD 6570 and HD 6670 respectively. They were originally released to OEMs only, but later released to retail.

The Radeon HD 6570 and 6670 are minor upgrades of their Evergreen counterparts, the HD 5570 and 5670. Turks GPUs contain 80 more stream processors and 4 more texture units. They have also been upgraded to support the new technologies found in the Northern Islands GPUs such as HDMI 1.4a, UVD3, and stereoscopic 3D.

CodenamedBarts LE, the Radeon HD 6790 was released on April 5, 2011. There is one retail product available, the Radeon HD 6790. Barts uses shaders of the same 5-wayVLIW architecture asHD 5000 series.

• HD 6790 has 800 stream processors at 840 MHz, a 256-bit memory interface and 1 GB GDDR5 DRAM at 1 GHz with maximum power draw of 150W. Performance is superior to the NVIDIA GTX 550 Ti and Radeon HD 5770, less powerful than the Radeon HD 6850 and close to the GTX 460 768 MB and Radeon HD 5830.

AMD has confirmed that the HD 6700 cards use the Juniper XT and Juniper Pro cores from the HD 5700 series, and therefore they are not formally Northern Islands GPUs. Thus 6770 and 6750 are essentially the 5770 and 5750 respectively, with the label being the main difference. There are a few enhancements to the 5700 series, including:

• In the HD 6000-series cards, AMD's Universal Video Decoder was upgraded to version 3.0 which supported Blu-ray 3D codecs, hardware decoding for DivX / XviD and a list of other improvements. The HD 6750 and HD 6770 adds the MVC decode capability of UVD 3.0, but not the rest of the UVD 3.0 features.^[8]
• According to AMD, these cards have been upgraded to support HDMI 1.4a but without the 3D features brought forward by UVD 3.0.

CodenamedBarts, the Radeon HD 6800 series was released on October 23, 2010. Products include Radeon HD 6850 and Radeon HD 6870. Barts uses shaders of the same 5-wayVLIW architecture asHD 5000 series.^[9]

• HD 6850 has 960 stream processors at 775 MHz, a 256-bit memory interface and 1 GB GDDR5 DRAM at 1 GHz with maximum power draw of 127 W. Compared to competitors, performance falls in line with the 1 GB cards of theNvidia GeForce GTX 460. Compared to predecessor graphics of the Radeon 5800 series, the 6850 is significantly faster than the Radeon HD 5830 and close to the performance of the Radeon HD 5850. A single 6-pin PCIe power connector requirement makes it suitable for most power supplies.
• HD 6870 has 1120 stream processors at 900 MHz (most GPUs are able to run with 980-1000 MHz), a 256-bit memory interface and 1 GB GDDR5 DRAM at 1.05 GHz (can be overclocked to 1.2 GHz (4.8 GHz effective)) with a maximum power draw of 151 W. Performance is superior to the GeForce GTX 460, comparable to the GeForce GTX 560, and less than the GeForce GTX 560 Ti. Compared to predecessor graphics cards of the Radeon 5800 series, the HD 6870 is faster than the HD 5850 and close to the performance of the Radeon HD 5870.^[10]

This family includes three different high-end products all based onTeraScale 3 (VLIW4)

CodenamedCayman, the Radeon HD 6900 series was expected to be released on November 12, 2010. These release dates were pushed further back and Cayman was released on December 15, 2010. Products include Radeon HD 6950 and Radeon HD 6970. Cayman is based on new 4-way VLIW architecture, which was chosen over AMD's older VLIW5 in order to reduce complexity in the design of AMD'sstream processors. Studies showed that few applications fully leveraged the extra stage in a VLIW5 SP. Reducing the stream processors to VLIW4 allows AMD to save on transistors for each individual SP and add more overall in the future.^[11]

• In games, the performance of HD 6970 is comparable to the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 570 and GTX 480. The Radeon HD 6950 is slightly slower than the 6970, comparable to slightly faster than the GTX 560 Ti and faster than the HD 5870. The HD 6950 was further discovered to be nearly identical to the 6970 in core design, though the 6950 has lower rated GDDR5 memory. Other than that, the two only differed in BIOS flashed software. As such, a BIOS flash would essentially upgrade the 6950 to a 6970. This was later addressed by AMD and its partners by laser cutting the extra cores (rather than simply disabling them in BIOS), and/or using non-reference card designs that would not work with a 6970 BIOS. Some 6950s can still be "unlocked", but it is much more difficult, requiring careful card selection and custom BIOS.
• CodenamedAntilles, the Enthusiast dual-GPU (dual-6970) Radeon HD 6990 was launched on March 9, 2011. It features an 830 MHz reference engine clock speed, 3072 stream processors, 5.1 TFLOPS computing performance, 192 texture units, 4 GB of GDDR5 frame buffer (DRAM), and 375 W maximum board power.^[12]
• The AMD Radeon HD 6990 (As with some other 6000 series AMD Cards) comes with a dual BIOS switch. This enables what some claim to be a hidden 'AMD Uber Mode', however it is used most commonly as a backup when flashing the BIOS. (The same method used to flash the HD 6950 to appear as a HD 6970)^[13]

AMD PowerTune technology was introduced as a part of AMD's ongoing commitment to enhance power efficiency in its range of graphics cards. Launched alongside the Radeon HD 6900 series, PowerTune aimed to maximize the performance of GPUs within specified power envelopes.

• All models are based on the VLIW5 ISA
• All models support DirectX 11.0, OpenGL 4.5 (beta), OpenCL 1.2
• All models do not feature double-precision FP
• All models feature the UNB/MCBusinterface
• All models feature Angle independent anisotropic filtering, UVD3, andEyefinity capabilities, with up to three outputs. HD 63xxD and higher feature 3D Blu-ray acceleration, while the standard 63xx (non-'D') does not.

Desktop

Ultra-mobile

• All models are based on the VLIW5 ISA
• All models support DirectX 11.0, OpenGL 4.5 (beta), OpenCL 1.2
• All models do not feature double-precision FP
• All models feature the UNB/MCBusinterface
• All models feature Angle independent anisotropic filtering, UVD3 andEyefinity capabilities, with up to 3 outputs.

• ¹Unified Shaders :Texture mapping units :Render output units
• ² TDP specified for AMD reference designs, includes CPU power consumption. Actual TDP of retail products may vary.

The following table shows features ofAMD/ATI'sGPUs (see also:List of AMD graphics processing units).

Name ofGPU series	Wonder	Mach	3D Rage	Rage Pro	Rage 128	R100	R200	R300	R400	R500	R600	RV670	R700	Evergreen	Northern Islands		Southern Islands	Sea Islands	Volcanic Islands	Arctic Islands/Polaris	Vega	Navi 1x	Navi 2x	Navi 3x	Navi 4x
Released	1986	1991	Apr 1996	Mar 1997	Aug 1998	Apr 2000	Aug 2001	Sep 2002	May 2004	Oct 2005	May 2007	Nov 2007	Jun 2008	Sep 2009	Oct 2010	Dec 2010	Jan 2012	Sep 2013	Jun 2015	Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019	Jun 2017, Feb 2019	Jul 2019	Nov 2020	Dec 2022	Feb 2025
Marketing Name	Wonder	Mach	3D Rage	Rage Pro	Rage 128	Radeon 7000	Radeon 8000	Radeon 9000	Radeon X700/X800	Radeon X1000	Radeon HD 2000	Radeon HD 3000	Radeon HD 4000	Radeon HD 5000	Radeon HD 6000		Radeon HD 7000	Radeon 200	Radeon 300	Radeon 400/500/600	Radeon RX Vega, Radeon VII	Radeon RX 5000	Radeon RX 6000	Radeon RX 7000	Radeon RX 9000
AMD support
Kind	2D		3D
Instruction set architecture	Not publicly known										TeraScale instruction set						GCN instruction set					RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture	Not publicly known					GFX1		GFX2			TeraScale 1 (VLIW5) (GFX3)			TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) (GFX4)	TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) up to 68xx (GFX4)	TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) in 69xx[25][26] (GFX5)	GCN 1st gen (GFX6)	GCN 2nd gen (GFX7)	GCN 3rd gen (GFX8)	GCN 4th gen (GFX8)	GCN 5th gen (GFX9)	RDNA (GFX10.1)	RDNA 2 (GFX10.3)	RDNA 3 (GFX11)	RDNA 4 (GFX12)
Type	Fixed pipeline[a]						Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines				Unified shader model
Direct3D	—		5.0	6.0		7.0	8.1	9.0 11 (9_2)	9.0b 11 (9_2)	9.0c 11 (9_3)	10.0 11 (10_0)	10.1 11 (10_1)		11 (11_0)			11 (11_1) 12 (11_1)	11 (12_0) 12 (12_0)			11 (12_1) 12 (12_1)		11 (12_1) 12 (12_2)
Shader model	—						1.4	2.0+	2.0b	3.0	4.0	4.1		5.0			5.1	5.1 6.5			6.7				6.8
OpenGL	—			1.1	1.2	1.3		1.5[b][27]			3.3			4.6[28][c]
Vulkan	—															1.1[c][d]	1.3[29][e]		1.4[30]
OpenCL	—										Close to Metal		1.1 (not supported byMesa)	1.2+ (onLinux: 1.1+ (no Image support on Clover, with by Rusticl) with Mesa, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen)				2.0+ (Adrenalin driver onWin7+) (onLinux ROCm, Mesa 1.2+ (no Image support in Clover, but in Rusticl with Mesa, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+				2.2+ and 3.0 Windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCm 5.0+ (Mesa Rusticl 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip))[31][32][33]
HSA /ROCm	—																					?
Video decodingASIC	—										Avivo/UVD	UVD+	UVD 2	UVD 2.2	UVD 3		UVD 4	UVD 4.2	UVD 5.0 or6.0	UVD 6.3	UVD 7[34][f]	VCN 2.0[34][f]	VCN 3.0[35]	VCN 4.0	VCN 5.0
Video encodingASIC	—																VCE 1.0	VCE 2.0	VCE 3.0 or 3.1	VCE 3.4	VCE 4.0[34][f]
Fluid Motion[g]																								?
Power saving	?										PowerPlay				PowerTune		PowerTune &ZeroCore Power					?
TrueAudio	—																	Via dedicatedDSP		Via shaders
FreeSync	—																	1 2
HDCP[h]	—										?							1.4		2.2		2.3[36]
PlayReady[h]	—																			3.0		3.0
Supported displays[i]						1–2	2							2–6								?			4
Max.resolution	?													2–6 × 2560×1600			2–6 × 4096×2160 @ 30 Hz			2–6 × 5120×2880 @ 60 Hz	3 × 7680×4320 @ 60 Hz[37]	7680×4320 @ 60 HzPowerColor		7680x4320 @165 Hz	7680x4320
/drm/radeon[j]																			—
/drm/amdgpu[j]	—																	Optional[38]

• Radeon HD 2000 series
• Radeon HD 3000 series
• Radeon HD 4000 series
• Radeon HD 5000 series
• Radeon HD 7000 series
• Radeon HD 8000 series
• AMD Radeon Rx 200 series (successor to HD 8000 series)
• List of AMD graphics processing units
• Free and open-source graphics device driver § ATI/AMD

• John Pearce (May 2, 2012)."AMD's Radeon HD 6970 Performance Comparison". hardinfo-benchmark.com. Archived fromthe original on April 22, 2012. RetrievedMay 2, 2012.
• David Kanter (December 14, 2010)."AMD's Cayman GPU Architecture". realworldtech.com. RetrievedJanuary 10, 2011.
• AMD Radeon HD 6000 series
• techPowerUp! GPU Database

• AMD graphics cards
• Computer-related introductions in 2010
• Graphics cards

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