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RIPE NCC

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Regional Internet Registry representing Europe, the former USSR and West Asia
Réseaux IP Européens
Network Coordination Centre
FoundedApril 1992; 32 years ago (1992-04)
FocusAllocation and registration ofIP address space
Location
Websitewww.ripe.net
Map of service regions of the regional Internet registries
Map of service regions of the regional Internet registries (RIPE NCC is in yellow)

RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre) is theregional Internet registry (RIR) for Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia. Its headquarters are inAmsterdam, the Netherlands, with a branch office inDubai, UAE.[1]

AnRIR oversees the allocation and registration of Internet number resources (IPv4 addresses,IPv6 addresses andautonomous system numbers) in a specific region.

The RIPE NCC supports the technical and administrative coordination of the infrastructure of the Internet. It is a not-for-profit membership organisation with over 10,000 (as of March 2014[2]) members located in over 76 countries in its service region.[3]

Any individual or organisation can become a member of the RIPE NCC. The membership consists mainly ofInternet service providers (ISPs), telecommunication organisations, educational institutions, governments, regulatory agencies, and large corporations.

The RIPE NCC also provides technical and administrative support toRéseaux IP Européens (RIPE), a forum open to all parties with an interest in the technical development of the Internet.

History

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The RIPE NCC began its operations in April 1992 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Initial funding was provided by the academic networksRéseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) members,EARN, andEUnet. The RIPE NCC was formally established when the Dutch version of theArticles of Association was deposited with theAmsterdam Chamber of Commerce on 12 November 1997.[4] The first RIPE NCC Activity Plan[5] was published in May 1991.

On 25 November 2019, RIPE NCC announced[6] that it had made its “final /22 IPv4 allocation from the last remaining addresses in our available pool. We have now run out of IPv4 addresses.” RIPE NCC will continue to allocate IPv4 addresses, but only “from organisations that have gone out of business or are closed, or from networks that return addresses they no longer need. These addresses will be allocated to our members (LIRs) according to their position on a new waiting list ….” The announcement also called for support for the implementation of theIPv6 roll-out.

Activities

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The RIPE NCC support technical coordination of the Internet infrastructure in its service region[7] and beyond. It undertakes many activities in this area, including:

The allocation of IP addresses is important for several reasons. Public addresses need to be unique; if duplicate internet addresses existed on a network, network traffic could be delivered to the wrong host. The RIRs make sure that public addresses are given to one organisation. The RIPE NCC does this for its own service region. Worldwide, IANA assigns blocks of addresses to the RIRs and they distribute these to end users via theLIRs (normally ISPs). Beside making sure that IP addresses and AS Numbers are only allocated to one user, the shortage of IPv4 addresses makes it important that the remaining addresses are allocated in an organised manner. For many years, the RIPE NCC has followed strict guidelines on how to assign IPv4 addresses according to policy developed by the RIPE Community, as outlined in the RIPE Document ripe-498.[10] As the last /8 block has been assigned from IANA to all the RIRs, the RIPE NCC will only have new IPv4 addresses available for allocation for a certain amount of time.[14][15]
  • Development, operation and maintenance of the RIPE Database[16][17]
  • Development, operation and maintenance of the RIPE Routing Registry[18]
  • Operation of K-root, one of the world'sroot name servers[19]
  • Coordination support forENUM delegations
  • Collection and publication of neutral statistics on Internet development and performance, notably via theRIPE Atlas global measurement network and RIPEstat,[20] a web-based interface providing information about IP address space, autonomous system numbers, and related information for hostnames and countries.

The RIPE Database

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The RIPE Database[16] is a public database containing registration details of theIP addresses andAS numbers originally allocated to members by the RIPE NCC. It shows which organisations or individuals currently hold which Internet number resources, when the allocations were made andcontact details. The organisations or individuals that hold these resources are responsible for updating information in the database.

As of March 2008, the database contents are available for near real-timemirroring (NRTM).[21]

RIPE Routing Registry

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The RIPE Routing Registry (RR)[22] is a sub-set of the RIPE Database[16] and holds routing information inRPSL. The RIPE RR[22] is a part of the Internet RR, a collection of databases that mirror each other. Information aboutdomain names in the RIPE Database[16] is for reference only. It is not thedomain name registry that is run by thecountry code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) administrators of Europe and surrounding areas.

The RIPE NCC and RIPE

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RIPE#86 in Rotterdam, in May 2023

Réseaux IP Européens is a forum open to all parties with an interest in the technical development of the Internet. Although similar in name, RIPE and the RIPE NCC are separate entities. However, they are highly interdependent. The RIPE NCC provides administrative support to RIPE, such as the facilitation of RIPE Meetings[23] and giving administrative support to RIPE Working Groups.[24]

Fees and IPv4 Transfer Market

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The RIPE NCC charges members an annual membership fee.[25] Since 2012 this fee has been equal for all members and is unrelated to resource holdings. A separate charge is made for each Provider Independent number resource associated with customers of members.

There is also an active market in IPv4 address transfers[26] and these relate to registration in the RIRs' databases rather than the addresses themselves. The RIPE NCC has a formal transfer process.[27] Members must pay their annual fees before they can transfer resources away.[28]

Service regions

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The RIPE NCC service region[3] consists of countries in Europe, the Middle East and parts of Central Asia. RIPE NCC services are available to users outside this region through Local Internet Registries; these entities must have a valid legal address inside the service region but can offer their services to anyone.[7]

Asia

Southwest Asia[29]

Central Asia[30]

Europe[31]

North America[31]

Former service regions

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Prior to the formation ofAFRINIC, the RIPE NCC served the following countries:[32]

Related organisations and events

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ICANN assigns blocks of Internet resources (IP Resources and AS Numbers) to the RIPE NCC and the otherRIRs.
The NRO is made up of the fiveRIRs:AfriNIC,APNIC,ARIN,LACNIC and the RIPE NCC. It carries out the joint activities of theRIRs including joint technical projects, liaison activities and policy coordination.
TheNRO also performs the function of theASO, one of the supporting organisations called for by theICANN bylaws. TheASO reviews and develops recommendations on Internet Policy relating to the system ofIP addressing and advises theICANN Board on these matters.
As part of theNRO, the RIPE NCC was actively involved in the WSIS.
As part of theNRO, the RIPE NCC is actively involved in the IGF.

References

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  1. ^Contact Information.RIPE NCC. Retrieved on 10 February 2009.
  2. ^"RIPE NCC Update". March 27, 2014.
  3. ^ab"RIPE NCC Members Europe".www.ripe.net. Archived fromthe original on 2004-10-24.
  4. ^"ripe.net". Archived fromthe original on June 15, 2007.
  5. ^"RIPE NCC | Activity Plan".ripe.net.
  6. ^The RIPE NCC has run out of IPv4 Addresses, RIPE NCC, 2019-11-25
  7. ^ab"Members ordered by country code".RIPE Network Coordination Centre.
  8. ^"Global Policy for the Allocation of IPv4 Blocks To Regional Internet Registries".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. 11 August 2010.
  9. ^"Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Policies For Allocation of IPv4 Blocks to Regional Internet Registries".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. 19 April 2005.
  10. ^ab"IPv4 Address Allocation and Assignment Policies for the RIPE NCC Service Region".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. 11 October 2010.
  11. ^"IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. 10 September 2009.
  12. ^"Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Policy for Allocation of ASN Blocks to Regional Internet Registries".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. 9 September 2010.
  13. ^"Autonomous System (AS) Number Assignment Policies".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. 7 August 2010.
  14. ^"RIPE NCC IPv4 Available Pool - Graph — RIPE Network Coordination Centre".www.ripe.net. Archived fromthe original on 2011-04-09.
  15. ^"RIPE NCC FAQ on exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, visited 16 April 2011". Archived fromthe original on 17 April 2011. Retrieved16 April 2011.
  16. ^abcd"RIPE Database".RIPE Network Coordination Centre.
  17. ^"Database documents RIPE Document store". Archived fromthe original on November 26, 2010.
  18. ^"The RIPE Routing Registry — Welcome to the RIPE Network Coordination Centre".www.ripe.net. Archived fromthe original on 2011-02-13.
  19. ^"Root Server Technical Operations Assn".root-servers.org.
  20. ^"RIPEstat".stat.ripe.net.
  21. ^RIPE DatabaseNear Real Time Mirroring (NRTM)
  22. ^ab"RIPE Routing Registry". April 27, 2006. Archived fromthe original on 2006-04-27.
  23. ^"RIPE Meetings FAQ". January 20, 2011. Archived fromthe original on 2011-01-20.
  24. ^"RIPE Working Groups".www.ripe.net. Archived fromthe original on 2000-06-03.
  25. ^"RIPE NCC Charging Scheme 2013".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. 3 October 2012.
  26. ^"Internet Number Resource Report – Q2 June 2023"(PDF).The Number Number Resources Organization. 2023-08-14. Retrieved2023-11-22.
  27. ^Oct 2023, Created: 28 May 2020-Last updated: 05."Transfer of IP Addresses and AS Numbers".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. Retrieved2023-11-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ^billing, Created: 22 Dec 2022-."RIPE NCC Billing Procedure 2023".RIPE Network Coordination Centre. Retrieved2023-11-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  29. ^"LIRs in the Middle East,RIPE NCC".
  30. ^"LIRs in Central Asia,RIPE NCC".
  31. ^ab"LIRs in Europe,RIPE NCC".
  32. ^"RIPE LIR's in Africa". March 4, 2003. Archived fromthe original on 2003-03-04.

External links

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  • AFRINIC (Africa)
  • APNIC (Asia-Pacific region)
  • ARIN (Canada, United States, some Caribbean nations)
  • LACNIC (Latin America, some Caribbean nations)
  • RIPE NCC (Europe, Russia, Middle East, Central Asia)
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