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| RAF Lindholme RAF Hatfield Woodhouse  | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatfield Woodhouse,South Yorkshire in England | |||||||||
 Former control tower and field adjacent to the disused airfield | |||||||||
| Site information | |||||||||
| Type | Royal Air Force station parent station 1940-43 11 Base HQ 1943-44 71 Base HQ 1944-46 | ||||||||
| Code | LB | ||||||||
| Owner | Ministry of Defence | ||||||||
| Operator | Royal Air Force | ||||||||
| Controlled by | RAF Bomber Command *No. 1 Group RAF *No. 5 Group RAF *No. 7 (T) Group RAF | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
  RAF Lindholme Shown within South Yorkshire Show map of South Yorkshire RAF Lindholme RAF Lindholme (the United Kingdom) Show map of the United Kingdom | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 53°33′06″N000°58′03″W / 53.55167°N 0.96750°W /53.55167; -0.96750 | ||||||||
| Site history | |||||||||
| Built | 1938 (1938) | ||||||||
| In use | 1 June 1940 – 1985 (1985) | ||||||||
| Battles/wars | European theatre of World War II Cold War | ||||||||
| Airfield information | |||||||||
| Identifiers | ICAO: EGXQ | ||||||||
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Royal Air Force Lindholme or more simplyRAF Lindholme is a formerRoyal Air Forcestation inSouth Yorkshire, England. It was located 3.9 miles (6.3 km) south ofThorne and 6.9 miles (11.1 km) north east ofDoncaster and was initially calledRAF Hatfield Woodhouse.
RAF Lindholme started life as an expansion scheme aerodrome built on the wide expanse of Hatfield moors, some 7 miles (11 km) east ofDoncaster.[1][2] The site, to the east of theA614Thorne toBawtry road, was a mile south of the small village ofHatfield Woodhouse, the name first selected for the new station, however, stores and correspondence was getting waylaid between the station andHatfield Aerodrome in Hertfordshire, so in August 1940, the name was changed to Lindholme.[2] Work began in the spring of 1938 taking in approximately 250 acres (1.0 km2) of pasture for the airfield itself and a further 150 for the camp and support facilities.[3]
ThreeType-C hangars fronted the south-west side of the bombing circle, with a fourth and fifth behind the two outer hangars.[4] The administration, technical and barrack area lay alongside the A614. As was common with these expansion scheme airfields, the construction of buildings took place over several months and the pace was only quickened by the outbreak of war. It officially opened in June 1940 underNo.5 Group,No. 50 Squadron RAF and itsHampdens arrived the following month.[5]
No. 50 was the sole resident at Lindholme until June 1941, when a new Canadian-crewed bomber squadronNo. 408 Squadron RCAF was raised there.[6] The squadron was equipped with Hampdens and, once having found its feet, it was moved toSyerston to begin operations in July.[7] The following month, Lindholme was one of a number of No.5 Group stations handed over toNo.1 Group, as a result of which No.5 Group moved its No.50 Squadron toRAF Swinderby.[8] From RAF Syerston, No.1 Group moved in two of the Polish squadrons under its charge – Nos.304 and305 – both flyingVickers Wellingtons. These two squadrons, having been operational since April, continued their contribution to Bomber Command's offensive from the new station throughout the following winter.[9] In May 1942, No.304 Squadron was detached to assistRAF Coastal Command but the detachment soon became an assignment and did not return toRAF Bomber Command. Two months later No. 305 squadron was transferred toRAF Hemswell to concentrate Polish-crewed bomber squadrons on one station.[10][11]
During the first two years of war, a bomb store had been constructed on the far side of the A614 as had a taxi spur with three pan hardstandings. A perimeter track and over 30 pan hardstandings had also been built during this period. By 1942 Lindholme was due for upgrading and the construction of concrete runways was put in hand.[12] However, extension of the airfield was somewhat restricted by the Hatfield Moor Drain on the eastern boundary but more land was acquired to the north necessitating the closure of two roads, one to the hamlet of Lindholme. Because of these physical restrictions, only two runways were built, 14–32 and 04–22, both of which were extended to 1,400 yards (1,300 m) and 2,000 yards (1,800 m) respectively.[13] A new bomb store was fashioned on land to the north of the station, which resulted in obstruction of seven pan dispersal points. Two others were lost due to the construction of a new perimeter track. Even so, the station ended up with 41 pans and one loop type. A few additional camp sites were added to the south of the main area giving the station maximum accommodation for 2,192 men and 365 women.[3]
Re-opened for flying in late October 1942,No.1656 Heavy Conversion Unit (HCU) moved in with a fewAvro Lancasters andAvro Manchesters fromRAF Breighton to serve No. 1 Group's conversion to the former type.[14][15] Now an operational training base, over the next two years Lindholme was host to other units with an instructional mission. Both Lancaster andHandley Page Halifax crews were tutored here withNo. 1667 HCU being established on the airfield in June 1943, moving out toRAF Faldingworth in October.[16][17] In November the same year,No. 1 Lancaster Finishing School was activated using existing flights with a similar mission.[18] On 3 November 1944, the station becameNo. 71 Base under the new training organisation –No. 7 Group RAF. Meanwhile, No. 1656 HCU remained at Lindholme until November 1945 when many Bomber Command units were disbanded. During the war, a total of 76 bombers were lost on operations flying from this airfield: 40 Hampdens, 35 Wellingtons and a single Lancaster.[3]
The immediate post-war years found Nos.57 and100 Squadrons with theirLincolns in residence from May to September 1946.[13]Wellingtons joined Lindholme with No. 5 Air Navigation School Wellington T.10s,Avro Ansons, and also 3Vickers Valettas, coded A, B, and C.[3]
In November 1952 things changed quite dramatically, when Bomber Command Bombing School (BCBS) arrived fromRAF Scampton,[19] using up to 18 Lincolns and 8Varsities. In addition in 1958 there was an Anson C19 (serialVM387), and also the firstHastings arrived –TG503.[3]
BCBS reduced in size quite dramatically in 1959 and 1960 and in the latter year there seemed to be only 4 Lincolns left, but this type was being replaced by Hastings. All the Lincolns had gone by 1961, with 8 Hastings, including the forerunnerTG503, having replaced them.[3]
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, 721 Mobile Radar Bomb Score Signals Unit (721 MRBSSU) was lodged on a dispersal on the eastern side of the airfield. 721's role was to track strike aircraft (mainly from theV-force) during simulated bombing runs at high and low-level and score the accuracy of the simulated attacks against designated targets within a radius of approximately 50 miles of Lindholme. Radar operators on the ground had to pick up and then 'lock on' to the aircraft whose track was then printed onto a chart in the operations caravan. Prior to the simulated weapon release the aircraft would transmit a steady tone on the radio which ceased at the release point. Following the simulated release the aircraft would then transmit a coded message that provided the MRBSSU with the information necessary (wind velocity etc.) to 'score' the attack, the results (in terms of bearing and distance from the designated target) being passed to the aircraft in another coded message. The unit was capable of handling aircraft at 10-minute intervals.[3]
By 1968 the Bomber Command Bombing School had becomeStrike Command Bombing School and in 1972 moved out.[20][3][21]
Hangars were used for storage by aUSAF detachment during the height of theCold War and later for various RAF ground units and Strike Command stores, where parts for front-line aircraft were stored.[3]
Lindholme also had an interesting approach pattern with a visual circuit of 800 feet. This was so that the approach did not interfere with the approach for neighbouringRAF Finningley's runway 20.[3]
During the late 1950s a site was built (later to become Northern Radar) to house theType 82 radar and operational control building that controlled three air defenceBristol Bloodhound SAM 1 missile sites distributed within a 25-mile radius of the site. The site was part of the Fighter Command air defence network and was called a Tactical Control Centre (TCC). It became operational around 1961 and undertook these tasks for the duration of the SAM 1 missile life span before going over to area radar control functions. There were similar sites atRAF North Luffenham (Rutland) andRAF Watton (Norfolk).[3]
RAF Lindholme was home to the 'Humber Radar' installation, later called 'Northern Radar' as part of theLinesman/Mediator system.[3]
Northern Radar was a JATCRU (Joint Air Traffic Control Radar Unit) located at the RAF Lindholme site but housed discretely on the opposite side of theA614 road to the airfield. Northern Radar was one of a number of JATCRUs around the UK whose civil task were to provide area radar cover for the then three area Air Traffic Control Centres (ATCCs), Scottish (located at Redbrae House,Prestwick), Preston (Barton Hall), and London (atWest Drayton). JATCRUs were created to provide this area radar cover as the ATCCs did not have radar facilities and were purely procedural control centres. The JATCRUs were located at RAF units using civil and military staff and radio communications, but military radar.[3]
Other JATCRUs in the UK included Southern Radar atSopley near Bournemouth, Western Radar atAberporth in Wales, Ulster Radar atBishops Court in Northern Ireland, Eastern Radar atWatton in East Anglia, Border Radar atBoulmer in the Northeast of England, Highland Radar atBuchan in the North of Scotland and Midland Radar atNorth Luffenham in Rutland. All of which came under the control of Military Air Traffic Operations (MATO).[3]
Northern Radar's role was as an ATCRU providing radar services to civil and military aircraft in the lower, middle and upper airspace within its designated area of operations. The airspace aboveFlight Level 245 was known as a Mandatory Radar Service Area (MRSA) within which civil and military aircraft were placed under radar control. Beneath the MRSA all aircraft operating outside Controlled Airspace (CAS) were provided with a Radar Advisory Service.[3]
The site had a Type 82 Radar installation (known asOrange Yeoman) but it also had remote links to other military radar heads.[3]
From the mid 1960s to the early 1970s, Lindholme was used as a weekend gliding airfield by the Humber gliding club, a member of the Royal Air Force Gliding and Soaring Association. It was used extensively by the Sheffield Scouting movement as a base for gliding activities to attain Scout airman badges.[3]
By 1980, Lindholme had been reduced to the status of a relief landing ground forRAF Finningley.[3]
In 1974, RAF Lindholme became home to643 Gliding School Air Training Corps, who moved in fromRAF Hemswell on 1 April. They operated winch-launched Cadet Mk 3 and Sedbergh gliders, conducting air experience and glider pilot training for Air Cadets. 643 GS remained at Lindholme until the airfield closed in 1982, whereupon they moved toRAF Scampton.[3]
By 1985, the whole camp was sold and turned intoHM Prison Lindholme.[3]
The last RAF connection, an automatic routing installation which opened on 25 May 1983 and was run by840 Signals Unit, was closed in March 1996. It occupied the old Northern Radar building ground floor, refurbished to accommodate the Telegraphic Automatic Routing Equipment (TARE) and a manual telegraphic switching centre, and was parented by RAF Finningley. The TARE was a dual suiteFerranti Argus 500 computer system, each suite having a 64 k word core store and two 2 Mbyte hard drives and running software written usingCoral 66.[citation needed]
Before installation at Lindholme this TARE, one of two, had been installed in transportable cabins, originally destined for RAF Gan (Maldives) or RAF Episkopi (Cyprus). Though hardstandings were constructed at the intended sites the cabins were never deployed, having been overtaken by defence cuts. The TAREs were stored and then removed from the cabins. The first was installed atRAF Boddington as No 9 Signals Unit, and the second eventually arrived at Lindholme. The opening of 840 Signals unit allowed the RAF to close the Signals unit atRAF Stanbridge and sell off a large part of that site. It also gave the Defence Communications Network much-needed diversity by providing a third TARE (RAF Rudloe Manor and RAF Boddington being the others) at a critical point in the Cold War. The unit was commanded by a Squadron Leader of the Engineering Branch and was divided into two flights, Engineering Flight and Operations Flight. As the unit operated 24 hours a day, a watch system was worked with a small engineering shift and a larger operations shift with a Warrant Officer running each watch.[3]
The following units were here at some point:[22]
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