RAF Lakenheath | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NearBrandon, Suffolk in England | |||||||
 Aerial view of RAF Lakenheath | |||||||
 | |||||||
| Site information | |||||||
| Type | RAF station (US Visiting Forces) | ||||||
| Owner | Ministry of Defence | ||||||
| Operator | United States Air Force | ||||||
| Controlled by | United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa | ||||||
| Condition | Operational | ||||||
| Website | www | ||||||
| Location | |||||||
  RAF Lakenheath  RAF Lakenheath  RAF Lakenheath | |||||||
| Coordinates | 52°24′30″N000°33′24″E / 52.40833°N 0.55667°E /52.40833; 0.55667 | ||||||
| Grid reference | TL740820[1] | ||||||
| Area | 727 hectares[2] | ||||||
| Site history | |||||||
| Built | 1940 (1940) | ||||||
| In use | 1941–1944 (Royal Air Force) 1948–present (US Air Force) | ||||||
| Garrison information | |||||||
| Garrison | 48th Fighter Wing | ||||||
| Airfield information | |||||||
| Identifiers | IATA: LKZ,ICAO: EGUL,WMO: 03583 | ||||||
| Elevation | 10 metres (33 ft)AMSL | ||||||
| |||||||
Royal Air Force Lakenheath orRAF Lakenheath (IATA:LKZ,ICAO:EGUL) is aRoyal Air Force station near the village ofLakenheath inSuffolk, England, UK, 4.7 miles (7.6 km) north-east ofMildenhall and 8.3 miles (13.4 km) west ofThetford. The installation's perimeter bordersBrandon.
Despite being a RAF station, Lakenheath currently only hostsUnited States Air Force (USAF) units and military personnel. The host wing is the48th Fighter Wing (48 FW), also known as the Liberty Wing, assigned toUnited States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA). The wing operates theF-15E Strike Eagle and theF-35A Lightning II.
The first use of Lakenheath Warren as aRoyal Flying Corps airfield was during theFirst World War, when the area was made into a bombing and ground-attack range for aircraft flying fromRFC Feltwell and RFC Thetford.[3]
In 1940, theAir Ministry selected Lakenheath as an alternative for nearbyRAF Mildenhall and used it as a decoy airfield.[4] Surfaced runways were constructed in 1941, with the main runway being 3,000 feet (910 m), and the two subsidiary runways at 2,000 feet (610 m).[5]
In late 1941, Lakenheath was used by RAF flying units on detachment. The station soon functioned as a Mildenhall satellite base withShort Stirling bombers ofNo. 149 Squadron dispersed from the parent airfield as conditions allowed. The squadron exchanged itsVickers Wellingtons for Stirlings late in November 1941. After becoming fully operational with its new aircraft, the squadron moved into Lakenheath on 6 April 1942 and remained until mid 1944 when the squadron moved the short distance toRAF Methwold, just inside Norfolk.[6]
One Stirling pilot,Flight Sergeant Rawdon Middleton, was posthumously awarded theVictoria Cross for valour on the night of 28–29 November 1942, when despite serious face wounds and loss of blood from shell-fire during a raid on theFiat works atTurin in Italy, he brought the damaged aircraft back towards southern England. With fuel nearly exhausted his crew were ordered to bail out.[7]
On 21 June 1943, newly re-formedNo. 199 Squadron re-located to RAF Lakenheath as a second Stirling squadron.[8] It conducted mine laying operations at sea before moving toRAF North Creake in Norfolk on 1 May 1944.[9] No. 149 Squadron ended its association with RAF Lakenheath the same month, taking its Stirlings to RAF Methwold.[6] The reason for the departure of the two bomber squadrons was Lakenheath's selection for upgrading to a Very Heavy Bomber airfield, which left the airfield closed to aircraft until April 1947.[4]
Cold War tensions with theSoviet Union in Europe began as early as 1946. In November, PresidentHarry S. Truman orderedStrategic Air Command (SAC)B-29 Superfortress bombers to Europe. Truman decided to realignUnited States Air Force Europe (USAFE) into a permanent combat-capable force. In July 1948, B-29s of the SAC2nd Bombardment Group were deployed to Lakenheath. The first USAFE host unit at Lakenheath was the 7504th Base Completion Squadron, being activated in 1949.[4]
Amongst other units present were 3913 Air Base Sqdn (1953-55, Lt Col Archie Thomas), 3910 Installation Sqdn (1955-59, Maj John F Thomas), and 3910 Air Base Group (1955-59, Col L M Thomas).[4][10]On 30 April 1956, twoLockheed U-2s wereairlifted to Lakenheath to form CIA Detachment A. The first flight of the U-2 was on 21 May. TheCentral Intelligence Agency unit did not remain long, moving toWiesbaden Air Base,West Germany in June 1956.[11]
On 10 October 1956, aUnited States NavyDouglas R6D-1 Liftmasterdisappeared over the Atlantic Ocean after departure from RAF Lakenheath for a flight toLajes Field in theAzores. The aircraft was on aMilitary Air Transport Service flight carrying 50 members of the307th Bombardment Wing, on their way home to the United States after atemporary duty assignment and a U.S. Navy crew of nine. All 59 personnel on board were lost.[12][13][14][15]
Following French presidentCharles de Gaulle's insistence in 1959 that all non-French nuclear-capable forces should be withdrawn from his country, the USAF began a redeployment of itsNorth American F-100-equipped units from France. The48th Fighter Wing left its base atChaumont-Semoutiers Air Base, France on 15 January 1960, its aircraft arriving at Lakenheath that afternoon.[4]
The tactical components of the 48th TFW upon arrival at Lakenheath were:[16]
The bare metal finish and bright squadron markings were replaced with dull green-based camouflage and no squadron markings around 1966-67, but by 1970 subdued individual squadron markings had returned e.g. blue fin tip and white 'LR' tailcode denoting 492d TFS.[17][18]
Beginning in late 1971, the 48th TFW started its conversion to theMcDonnell Douglas F-4D Phantom II, receiving aircraft that had previously served inVietnam, with all squadrons now marked with the new 'LN' tailcode. However, the delivery of F-4s was intermittent, and working up to full strength (73 aircraft) took 2½ years. Consequently the wing only resumed its full NATO and USAFE commitments on 1st July 1975.[19] However the F-4's service with the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing was short, as operation "Ready Switch" resulted in 48th Tactical Fighter Wing receivingGeneral Dynamics F-111s in June 1977.[19]
After the US desegregated the military in 1948, a small community of mixed-race children, whose mothers were British and whose fathers were black American servicemembers based at Lakenheath, formed inNorwich.[20]
Vanessa Baird, whose father was a black GI based in Lakenheath airfield and whose mother was a Liverpudlian, was born in April 1958. Her father did not know about the birth. Her mother's family was very disapproving after they found out. So Vanessa and her mother went to Norwich. There, according to Baird, some of the women married black GIs and went to the US with them.[21]
Elaine Brown had a similar experience to Vanessa. Her mother met black GI Harold Grigsby when he was based at Lakenheath in the early 1950s. Her father was sent back to the US before Elaine was born in 1953. Elaine's mother told her her father's name and that he was fromWashington DC. In 1996 with her husband Elaine finally found her father and met her American family.[21]
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Lakenheath received its firstMcDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagles in 1992. On 16 December 1992, the last F-111 departed the base. Along with its departure, the 493d FS was inactivated, but then reactivated as anF-15 Eagle squadron.[22]
On 2 March 2011, members of the 48th Security Forces Squadron were involved in ashooting at Frankfurt Airport in Germany. The members were on a bus bound forRamstein Air Base in Germany when they were attacked by a lone gunman.[23]
On 22 March 2011, F-15E 91-0304 crash-landed and was destroyed in easternLibya after reportedly suffering from a mechanical failure. Both crewmen ejected and were safely recovered.[24] On 7 January 2014, aSikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk from the base crashed following a bird strike while on a low-level training exercise with another helicopter (also a Pave Hawk), into theCley Marshes nearCley next the Sea on the nearby North Norfolk coast. All four occupants died in the crash.[25][26]
On 8 October 2014, F-15D 86-0182 belonging to the 493rd Fighter Squadron crashed during a training flight in a field outside Spalding, Lincolnshire. The pilot successfully ejected and was shortly recovered back to Lakenheath on board a Pave Hawk.[27]
AU.S. Marine CorpsBoeing F/A-18 Hornet ofVMFA-232 "Red Devils" fromMCAS Miramar, California, crashed after taking off from RAF Lakenheath on 21 October 2015. The pilot, Major Taj "Cabbie" Sareen (34), did not survive.[28]
In addition to supporting three combat-ready squadrons of fighter aircraft, the Liberty Wing housed the56th Rescue Squadron'sHH-60Gcombat search and rescue helicopters. The 56th Rescue Squadron re-located toAviano Air Base in 2018.[29]
On 15 June 2020, an F-15C belonging to the 493d Fighter Squadron crashed during a training flight in the North Sea, 74 nautical miles east ofScarborough at about54°21′00″N001°40′00″E / 54.35000°N 1.66667°E /54.35000; 1.66667. The body of pilot 1st Lt. Kenneth Allen was recovered.[30][31]
.JPG)
In January 2015, theU.S. Department of Defense announced that from 2020, Lakenheath would become home to 54 of the US Air Force'sLockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II multi-role fighters.[32][33] The aircraft would be split between two squadrons and there would be an increase of 1,200 military personnel and between 60 and 100 civilian workers at the station. The F-35 would operate alongside the two existing F-15E squadrons based at Lakenheath.[34]
The495th Fighter Squadron was reactivated on 1 October 2021 to be the first Lightning II squadron at Lakenheath, with the first aircraft arriving on 15 December 2021.[35][36]
In 2017, a F-35 campus was being constructed on the south side of the airfield to accommodate the new aircraft.[37] As of 2018, the main new operational buildings being developed as part of the F-35 project were as follows: a two six-bay maintenance hangars – Space for service, maintenance, storage, and staff support facilities (to be known as Hangars 4-1 and 4–2), hangar 6 (Consolidated Parts Store) – Single-storey extension to the southern side of Hangar 6, including offices and warehouses and the storage of aircraft equipment and parts., a dual squadron operations/aircraft maintenance unit (a three-storey building to provide combined facilities for two squadrons comprising Squadron Operations and Aircraft Maintenance Unit (AMU) facilities, including mission planning, administration space in the operations section and offices to manage the maintenance of aircraft and storage space), a corrosion control and wash rack facility – Comprising single-storey hangar to maintain aircraft including a paint and sanding booth and wash rack, aFlight simulator facility ( a single-storey building to accommodate six F-35A flight simulators, administration, records, classrooms, brief/debrief rooms, and storage space, a field training detachment facility (a three-storey building to provide F-35A maintenance, including classrooms and administration rooms), aircraft ground equipment facilities (a single storey building extension and new covered storage associated with an existing building used for maintenance), a fuel system maintenance dock (a single storey hangar with fuel system maintenance dock), a munitions maintenance facility (a single storey building extension and new covered storage to an existing building for the maintenance of munitions), residential accommodation (a three or four-storey dormitory for up to 144 beds), a dining facility, a munitions storage administration maintenance building, a hospital up to four storeys to provide inpatient services, outpatient and speciality care clinics, ancillary services, support and medical administrative functions and a high school to house about 560 students.[38]
The airfield operational surfaces were also being expanded as follows: Charlie Apron, used by F-15s was to be redeveloped and extended to allow the parking of up to forty-two F-35A aircraft in dual-occupancy shelters constructed from a light weight, canopy structure with open sides to a total area of Charlie Apron of about 78,392 square metres, combining the retained area of 58,780 square metres with the new area of 19,612 square metres. It was to be connected to maintenance hangars 4-1 and 4-2 and the squadron operations/AMU building. Alpha-Bravo Apron was to be extended to accommodate existing F-15 aircraft using Charlie Apron to an area of about 54,179 square metres, combining the retained area of 39,750 square metres with the new area of 14,429 square metres, to accommodate up to thirty-eight F-15 aircraft on the open apron which would not feature any shelters.[39]
Investment of $148.4 million (£116.7M) for the delivery of F-35A infrastructure at Lakenheath was authorised by the US administration in August 2018.[40]
In November 2018, theDefence Infrastructure Organisation awarded a £160M contract for infrastructure work to a joint venture betweenKier Group and VolkerFitzpatrick.[41]
To make way for the F-35 Campus, demolition of the first of eighteen buildings began in March 2019.[42] The work on Alpha-Bravo Apron was completed in August 2020, allowing F-15E Strike Eagle operations of the 492nd and 494th Fighter Squadrons to be consolidated on one ramp.[43]
In 2024, between 20 November and 22 November, smallunmanned aerial systems (UASs) were spotted in the vicinity of and over RAF Lakenheath,RAF Mildenhall, andRAF Feltwell.[44][45] The number of UASs fluctuated and they ranged in size and configuration.F-15E Strike Eagles, based at Lakenheath, were allegedly scrambled in response to the drones as they impacted local flight operations.[46]RAF Regiment personnel were later deployed to the bases with the ORCUS C-UAS system in response to a second sighting of unidentified drones in the night hours of 25 November.[47][48]
Two accidents involving nuclear weapons happened at RAF Lakenheath, in 1956 and 1961.[49]
Flying and notable non-flying units based at RAF Lakenheath.[50][51]
United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA)
The base also has 1,500 British and US civilian staff, that serve the base at the site.[52]
Although never officially confirmed, US nuclear weapons were based at Lakenheath from the first deployment of SAC aircraft to the base in the 1950s until the 1990s. As of 2024, no US nuclear weapons are known to be based in the UK. In February 2024, US documents detailing the awarding of contracts to build new storage facilities for nuclear cores stimulated public discussion in East Anglia that nuclear weapons may be redeployed to Lakenheath in the near future.[53]
RAF Lakenheath'sgate guardian isNorth American F-100D Super Sabre, serial number '54-2269'. The aircraft was originally delivered to theFrench Air Force. On return it was moved to the "Wings of Liberty Memorial Park" at RAF Lakenheath. Firstly it was painted as'55-4048', latterly as'56-3319'.[54]
Since the base's founding, RAF Lakenheath has been targeted for numerous peace protests from groups such asStop the war coalition,Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and Lakenheath Alliance for Peace.[55]
Lakenheath was one of the proposed sites of the NATOPershing II Missile System. The deployment of the Missile system sparked protests all over Western Europe, and RAF Lakenheath was one of the most prominent military sites. The radical historianE.P. Thompson wrote in a pamphlet that basing the system at RAF Lakenheath directly endangered the lives of those in the nearby city ofCambridge:
"...Lakenheath is, by crow or cruise, just over twenty miles from Cambridge. It is possible that Cambridge but less probable that Oxford will fall outside the CEP. Within the CEP we must suppose some fifteen or twenty detonations at least on the scale of Hiroshima, without taking into account any possible detonations, release of radio-active materials, etc., if the strike should succeed in finding out the cruise missiles at which it was aimed."[56]
A semi-permanent 'peace camp' was set up outside RAF Lakenheath.[57] In 1985, the future Archbishop of CanterburyRowan Williams was arrested for singing psalms at a CND protest at Lakenheath.[58][59]
Over 1,000 people demonstrated outside RAF Lakenheath in protest at the1986 United States bombing of Libya.[60]
The2003 invasion of Iraq sparked a new wave of peace protests. In one incident, 9 protestors gained access to the base by cutting through its perimeter fence. The protestors rode bicycles along the main runway, before chaining themselves together.[61]
Activists later established a 'peace camp' outside RAF Lakenheath to draw attention to the base.[62]
In 2006, a group of 200 people protested against the alleged nuclear weapons stored at RAF Lakenheath.[63][64] There were further protests on this issue in 2008.[65]
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency This article incorporatespublic domain material fromRAF Lakenheath.United States Air Force.
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