RAF Honington | |||||||
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| NearThetford,Norfolk in England | |||||||
 The main entrance to RAF Honington. | |||||||
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| Site information | |||||||
| Type | Air combat support station | ||||||
| Owner | Ministry of Defence | ||||||
| Operator | Royal Air Force | ||||||
| Controlled by | No. 2 Group (Air Combat Support)[2] | ||||||
| Condition | Operational | ||||||
| Website | Official website | ||||||
| Location | |||||||
  RAF Honington Shown within Suffolk | |||||||
| Coordinates | 52°20′33″N000°46′23″E / 52.34250°N 0.77306°E /52.34250; 0.77306 | ||||||
| Grid reference | TL890755[3] | ||||||
| Area | 779 hectares (1,920 acres)[4] | ||||||
| Site history | |||||||
| Built | 1935 (1935)–1936 | ||||||
| In use |
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| Garrison information | |||||||
| Current commander | Wing Commander Max Hayward[5] | ||||||
| Occupants |
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| Airfield information | |||||||
| Identifiers | IATA: BEQ,ICAO: EGXH,WMO: 03586 | ||||||
| Elevation | 53 metres (174 ft)AMSL | ||||||
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Royal Air Force Honington or more simplyRAF Honington (IATA:BEQ,ICAO:EGXH) is aRoyal Air Force station located 6 mi (9.7 km) south ofThetford nearIxworth inSuffolk, England. It was used as abomber station during theSecond World War and through the Cold War, hosting Handley Page Victors and Hawker Siddeley (Blackburn) Buccaneers. RAF Honington has been theRAF Regiment depot since 1994.
Construction of Honington airfield, which was undertaken byJohn Laing & Son, began in 1935, and the station was opened on 3 May 1937.[6] Squadrons ofRAF Bomber Command using the airfield prior to theSecond World War were:
IX Squadron flew the first RAF bombing raid of the Second World War on 4 September 1939 flying a sortie against theKriegsmarine in theBaltic resulting in the loss of two Wellingtons.[11]
In July 1940,No. 311 (Czech) Squadron RAF formed at Honington with Wellingtons, later moving toRAF East Wretham in November 1940.[12]
Then, in May 1941, a Wellington returning from a night trip attempted to land at Honington with its wheels retracted. It skidded to one side and crashed into the main bomb dump where it burst into flames. Group Captain J. A. Gray and Squadron LeaderJ. A. McCarthy, the stationmedical officer, were the first on the scene of the crash. Both entered the burning aircraft in an attempt to rescue the crew who were trapped and, between them, they saved two crew-members. For their gallantry, both officers were awarded theGeorge Medal.[13]
In June 1942, the airfield was transferred to theUSAAF and was upgraded to a Class A Bomber base. Honington was assigned USAAF designationStation 375.[14]
USAAF Station Units assigned to RAF Honington were:[14]
Regular Army Station Units included:
Under USAAF control, an additional facility, called Troston, was constructed to the west of the main airfield as a specialized air depot for the repair of badly damagedB-17 Flying Fortress bombers and supporting the3d Bomb Division located in the area. Badly damaged Fortresses were often instructed to crash land at Honington on return from operations, particularly if their landing gear could not be lowered, as this avoided the necessity to dismantle and transport the aircraft from its home base for repair.[14]
In addition to the air depot, Honington also housed an operational fighter unit when the364th Fighter Group took up residence at Honington in February 1944, arriving fromSanta Maria AAF,California. The group was under the command of the67th Fighter Wing of theVIII Fighter Command.[16]
The group consisted of the following squadrons:[17]
The 364th FG flew escort, dive-bombing, strafing, and patrol missions inFrance,Belgium, theNetherlands, andGermany.[17]
Converted fromLockheed P-38 Lightnings toNorth American P-51 Mustangs in the summer of 1944 and from then until the end of the war flew many long-range escort missions heavy bombers that attacked oil refineries, industries, and other strategic objectives atBerlin,Regensburg,Merseburg,Stuttgart,Brussels, and elsewhere. The 364th received aDistinguished Unit Citation for an escort mission on 27 December 1944 when the group dispersed a large force of German fighters that attacked the bomber formation the group was escorting on a raid toFrankfurt.[17]
The group patrolled theEnglish Channel during theNormandy invasion in June 1944, and, while continuing escort operations, supported ground forces in France after the invasion by strafing and bombing locomotives, marshalling yards, bridges, barges, and other targets.[18]
The 364th also flew air-sea rescue missions, engaged in patrol activities, and continued to support ground forces as the battle line moved through France and into Germany. Took part in theeffort to invade the Netherlands by air, September 1944; theBattle of the Bulge, December 1944 – January 1945; and theassault across the Rhine, March 1945.[18]
Although the last mission by the 364th took place on 25 April 1945, the group did not depart until November, returning toCamp Kilmer,New Jersey, for inactivation. Even then, Honington remained the loneEighth Air Force outpost in the UK becoming Fighter Command HQ on 5 October. Honington was the last USAAF station to be returned to the RAF. By the beginning of 1946, the airfield remained the only active station which had been used by the Eighth Air Force and a fitting ceremony was planned to mark its closure and official handing back to the Royal Air Force. On 26 February, Brigadier General Emil Kiel – the Eighth Fighter Command commander – was present to hand over the keys of the station to Air MarshalSir James Robb,AOCRAF Fighter Command. An RAF band playedThe Star-Spangled Banner as theStars and Stripes were lowered for theRAF Ensign to be hoisted in its place. The airfield, which was the first transferred to the United States Army Air Forces for its use in 1942, was the last to be returned to theAir Ministry.[19]
RAF Honington was then used byRAF Transport Command. The station provided support theBerlin Airlift and was transferred toRAF Bomber Command in 1949.[20] It accommodated storage facilities for No. 94 Armament Maintenance Unit in the 1950s and a 9,000 ft concrete runway was completed in 1956.[20]
Bomber squadrons, 10, XV, 44, and 57 flying theEnglish Electric Canberra were based at the station from 1955 to 1957 and 10 and XV Squadrons saw action in theSuez Crisis.[20]
In 1956, RAF Honington also became aV bomber base: squadrons, Nos, 7, 90, and 199 flewVickers Valiant while squadron Nos, 55 and 57 flewHandley Page Victors.[20]
In 1965 the station was put into reserve to accommodate the proposedGeneral Dynamics F-111 fleet: the married quarters were used for evacuees from theAden Emergency at that time.[21]
The station then became home toHawker Siddeley (Blackburn) Buccaneer bombers from November 1969. Squadron Nos.12,15 and16 were formed. 15 and 16 squadrons moved toRAF Laarbruch inWest Germany in 1971. No. 237 OCU (Operational Conversion Unit) was formed at Honington when the RAF took over Buccaneer training from theRoyal Navy.208 and216 squadrons were also based there.[20] The Buccaneer fleet (12, 208, and 237 OCU) moved toRAF Lossiemouth in Scotland.[20]
The station was then selected to become a base for the RAF'sPanavia Tornado fleet in 1981. In August 1982IX(B) Squadron was reformed at RAF Honington, becoming the world's first operational Tornado squadron. Equipment included theWE.177 nuclear bomb. IX Squadron relocated toRAF Bruggen in Germany in 1986.No. 45 Squadron was the sole occupant untilXIII Squadron formed there in January 1990.[20]
On 15 July 1992, it was announced that the Tornados would depart Honington and that the station would relinquish its primary flying role and become theRAF Regiment Depot.[22] As a result, the TWCU moved to Lossiemouth (to replace the Buccaneers) in November 1993. Honington ceased to be a flying station on 1 February 1994 whenNo. 13 Squadron relocated to RAF Marham.[23] The Depot moved in June 1994, whenRAF Catterick inNorth Yorkshire, home of the previous depot, transferred to theBritish Army.[23]
RAF Honington became the home to 611Volunteer Gliding Squadron due to the closure ofRAF Watton in April 2012, requiring their conversion to theGrob 109B Vigilant motor glider until the closure of that unit in 2016.[24]
During 2018,No. 2 Squadron RAF Regiment moved toRAF Brize Norton inOxfordshire, completing the move in September of that year.[25] No. 20 Wing RAF Regiment (Defence Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Wing) disbanded on 1 April 2019 having been at Honington since 2011. The CBRN role was taken over by28 Engineer Regiment of theRoyal Engineers, withNo. 27 Squadron RAF Regiment coming under army command, before disbanding in October 2021.[26][27]
RAF Honington's mission statement is "Delivering Air Force Protection Capability for the RAF and Defence".[28] The station is the single hub for RAF Force Protection, incorporating theRAF Regiment Headquarters and theRAF Police Headquarters. Together they are responsible for protecting the RAF at home and abroad. The station is home to over 1,500 military personnel, civil servants and contractors.[29] RAF Honington is home to three RAF Regiment field squadrons. Through the RAF Force Protection Centre and RAF Regiment Training Wing, the station also provides initial and advanced training for members of the RAF Regiment and specialist training for the RAF's entire Force Protection capability.[29] TheRAF Police is theservice police branch of the Royal Air Force and Honington is home to the RAF Police Headquarters. It also accommodates No. 1 (Tactical) Police Squadron which provides field policing, and reserve unitNo. 3 (Tactical) Police Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force) which provides a general policing and aviation security capability.[29]
The following units are based at RAF Honington.[30][31][32]
No. 2 Group (Air Combat Support)
RAF Honington'sbadge, awarded in June 1956, features the head ofSt. Edmund in front of two crossed arrows pointing downwards. The head of St. Edmund represents the nearby town ofBury St Edmunds which is approximately 9 km (5.59 mi) to the south east of the station, in whose coat of arms the representation is featured. The arrows insaltire, represent St. Edmund'smartyrdom.[33]
The station'smotto (Pro anglia valens) is inLatin and translates into English asValiant for England.[33]
Two Second World War era hardened field fortifications survive within the airfield boundary. ThePickett-Hamilton forts were designated asscheduled monuments byEnglish Heritage (nowHistoric England) in September 2002. The forts were constructed in late 1940 in order to provide ground defence for the airfield. A third example is thought to have been destroyed during redevelopment of the station after the war.[34]
The forts were designed to be lowered into the ground while not in use; as such they would be inconspicuous and would not interfere with the passage of taxiing aircraft or vehicles. The forts could be raised to about 2 feet 6 inches (0.76 m) above ground level where each would pose a physical impediment to aircraft and vehicles and from where a small crew could fire rifles or light machine guns.[35]
The examples at Honington are described by Historic England as having "importance as comparatively rare surviving examples of an unusual and innovative type of airfield defence installation. The outer structure and lifting heads of both remain in good condition, and the example which is in working order, with its principal internal fittings intact, is of particular interest."[34]
The following units were here at some point:[36]
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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