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TheRéveillon riots between 26 and 29 April 1789[1] centered in theSt. Antoine district of Paris where a factory which produced luxury wallpaper was owned byJean-Baptiste Réveillon. The factory employed around 300 people.[2] The factory where the riot took place was unusual in pre-revolutionary France as the factory wasguild-free in an era where guilds controlled quality standards.
Protests began after rumors spread that the owner had made a speech stating that workers, many of whom were highly skilled, were to be paid lower wages and, as a result, there would be lower prices. Workers were concerned with food shortages, high unemployment, and low wages after a difficult winter in 1788. However, Réveillon was known for his benevolence towards the poor[3] and actually stated that bread prices should be brought down to those that people could afford (below 15sous a day) but his comments were misinterpreted as wage restrictions. He made the comments on 21 April when the assembly of the Saint-Marguerite was discussing itsCahier which all Estates drew up before theEstates-General was to be called.
After informal protests on Sunday 26 April, groups of protesters congregated on theÎle de la Cité and in theFaubourg Saint-Marcel [fr],Marais, andFaubourg Saint-Antoine the next day for a series of protest-marches. Though the first three marches - one of which targeted theThird Estate's Assembly of Electors - were resolved peacefully, confrontations between troops and participants in the fourth demonstration led to the outbreak of violence in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine that evening.
While the protesters did not manage to destroy the factory, which was being guarded by a group of around fifty troops, a factory owned by thesaltpetre manufacturer Henriot was destroyed after he made similar comments. However Réveillon's factory was destroyed a day later as was his home.[4] The riot killed 25 people[4] and wounded around the same number although rumour caused the casualty figures to be exaggerated. TheFrench Guard were used to restore order.
On the fantasy/crime dramaGrimm, the Réveillon riots were noted in the fifth season in the episodeWesen Nacht to have been wesen-on-wesen violence.
