Qusra | |
|---|---|
| Arabic transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | قُصرة |
  Qusra Location of Qusra withinPalestine | |
| Coordinates:32°05′7″N35°19′48″E / 32.08528°N 35.33000°E /32.08528; 35.33000 | |
| Palestine grid | 181/165 |
| State | State of Palestine |
| Governorate | Nablus |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Head of Municipality | Mohammad Jaber[1] |
| Population (2017)[2] | |
• Total | 5,418 |
| Name meaning | "One palace"[3] |
Qusra (alsoKusra) (Arabic:قُصرة) is aPalestinian village in theNablus Governorate of theState of Palestine, in the northernWest Bank, located 28 kilometers southeast ofNablus. According to thePalestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Qusra had a population of 5,418 inhabitants in 2017.[2]
According toARIJ, Israel confiscated land from the twoPalestinian villages ofJalud and Qusra in order to construct the two illegalIsraeli outposts ofAhiya andEsh Kodesh.[4]
Qusra is located 16.3 km south east ofNablus. It is bordered byMajdal Bani Fadil andDuma to the east,Jurish to the north,Talfit to the west, andJalud to the south.[5]
In 1596 the village appeared inOttomantax registers under the name ofQusayra as being in thenahiya of Jabal Qubal in theliwa ofNablus. It had a population of 14 households, allMuslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops,olive trees, goats and/or beehives; a total of 3,000akçe.[6]According toFinkelstein et al., Qusra has never been surveyed. They estimated early Ottoman remains based on Hütteroth and Abdulfattah.[7]
In 1838 Qusra (spelledKausara) was classified as a Muslim village in the subdistrict of el-Beitawi.[8] The French explorerVictor Guérin described passing by several "magnificent" oaks on the way to the village in May 1870. The village, which he calledKesrah, was described as having about 200 inhabitants. Guérin also noted several ancient rock-cutcisterns, the largest of which was at the lower part of the village.[9]
In 1882 thePEF'sSurvey of Western Palestine (SWP) noted that: "West of the village are foundations, and heaps of stones."[10] SWP also described the village (calledKusrah) as: "A village of middling size, on low ground, with olive-trees."[11] In the early years of the 20th century, towards the end of Ottoman rule, Qusra was part of theJalud-basedsheikhdom of Mashiyah Dar al-Haj Mahmud which was nominally administered by the Nasr Mansur family.[12]
In the1922 census of Palestine, conducted by theBritish Mandate authorities, Qusra had a population of 707, all Muslims,[13] increasing in the1931 census to 851, still all Muslim, in 213 occupied houses.[14]
In the1945 statistics Qusra had a population of 1,120, all Muslim,[15] with 8,938dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[16] Of this, 2,763 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,091 used for cereals,[17] while 69 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[18]
In the wake of the1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the1949 Armistice Agreements, Qusra came underJordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,312 inhabitants.[19]
After theSix-Day War in 1967, Qusra has been underIsraeli occupation.
After the1995 accords, 50% of the village land was classified asArea B land, the remaining 50% asArea C. 177 dunums of village land was confiscated by Israel in order to build theIsraeli settlement ofMigdalim.[20]
On 24 December 2014, Israeli forces destroyed with bulldozers over 400 square metres of the village's traditional stone walls close toMigdalim.[21]
On the night of 4–5 September 2011, a group of presumably Israeli settlers entered the village at 3 a.m., vandalized the village's Al-Nurayn mosque and tried to set it on fire.[23] They smashed windows, rolledburning tires inside, and wrote "Muhammad is a pig" in Hebrew on its wall.[22] The attack on the mosque came shortly after Israeli police officers had destroyed three illegal structures in the settlement outpost ofMigron north of Jerusalem.[23] According toAgence France Press, the graffiti also included aStar of David, and the name “Migron”.[24] The attack, not the first of its kind,[25] is viewed as part of a policy called “price tag” followed by a radical segment among the settlers, in which they respond to attempts by the Israeli security forces to demolish unauthorized Jewish settlements with attacks against Palestinians.[22]
ThePalestinian Authority condemned the attack and called on the Middle East Quartet to get involved.[23] The Israeli government also condemned the attack, and has instructed its authorities to “bring those responsible to justice,” and urged all sides to avoid the potential for escalation.[26] TheEuropean Union representative for Foreign Affairs and Security PolicyCatherine Ashton issued a statement which strongly condemned the attack on the mosque, stating: "These provocations seriously undermine efforts to build the necessary trust for a comprehensive peace in the region; [...] attacks against places of worship undermine the freedom of religion or belief which is a fundamental human right," calling on Israeli authorities "to investigate the attack, bring the perpetrators to justice and prevent such attacks happening again."[23]The United States Department of State also strongly condemned the “dangerous and provocative attacks” on the mosque and called on those responsible to be arrested and “subject to the full force of the law”.[26]
Qusra lies outside the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority and depends on the Israeli military for protection, and its residents have no weapons.[27] They organised a neighborhood watch consisting of between 15 and 20 volunteers, who patrol nightly. In case of trouble, the volunteers have instructions to phone the governor of Nablus who would contact theIsraeli Army (IDF). According to Qusra mayor Hani Abu Murad, the patrol scared off settlers who had approached the village a few days after the mosque was defaced.[28]
On 23 September 2011, a group of about a dozen settlers from a nearby outpost approached Qusra,[29] and a warning was announced from the mosque speakers. A large group from Qusra confronted the settlers, and threw stones, after which the Israeli Army arrived, protecting the settlers.[30] The IDF first fired tear gas, then live rounds, killing one man, identified as Essam Kamal Badran, 35, by Qusra mayor Abu Murad, according toHaaretz.[31] A statement from the IDF confirmed its troops had used live fire against the Palestinians after rocks were thrown at security personnel, and said it was working with Palestinian security officials to investigate.[30]
The incident received widespread publicity as it occurred just hours before Palestinian PresidentMahmoud Abbas took the podium at theU.N. General Assembly, making his quest for recognition of a Palestinian state.[32]
On 30 November 2017, a group ofIsraeli settlers, consisting of thirteen year old kids and two accompanying adult settlers went on abar mitzvah hike near the village. The adults were armed with anM16 rifle and a pistol.[33]
According to the Palestinians, one of the Israeli settlers shot killed a local Palestinian man, Mahmoud Zael Oudeh, and the villagers then surrounded and pelted the settlers with rocks.[33]
According to the Israelis, the villagers first surrounded the settlers, who took shelter in a cave during which time Palestinians entered the cave pressed on with the attack,[34][35][36] until the Israeli army arrived on the scene.[37][38][39][40] The Israeli army claimed that the hikers did not coordinate their hike with them, however the hikers dispute this and have presented an e-mail requesting authorization and claim they received a verbal confirmation.[41] A week after the incident the Israeli army recovered equipment taken from the hikers in the village and arrested 20 Qusra residents for participation in the incident, subsequent violent clashes, and incitement to terrorism.[42] A Palestinian man was indicted for attempted murder for hurling large rocks at close range inside the cave, lightly wounding the head of one of the adult chaperones. After being treated for his injuries, one accompanying parent was questioned as a negligent homicide suspect over Oudeh's death where he claimed self-defence,[36][40] subsequent Israeli police investigation claimed that he acted in "self-defense".[34][35][37]
On 11 October 2023, 3 Palestinians were shot dead by Israeli settlers (2 teenagers and a 25-year-old man); a 21-year-old was killed by Israeli soldiers later on. On 12 October 2023, Israeli settlers confronted the funeral procession and killed a father and son.[43]
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