Adisplay resolution standard is a commonly usedwidth and height dimension (display resolution) of anelectronic visual display device, measured inpixels. This information is used for electronic devices such as acomputer monitor. Certain combinations of width and height are standardized (e.g. byVESA^[1][2]) and typically given a name and aninitialism which is descriptive of its dimensions.

The graphics display resolution is also known as thedisplay mode or the video mode, although these terms usually include further specifications such as the imagerefresh rate and thecolor depth. The resolution itself only indicates the number of distinct pixels that can be displayed on a screen, which affects the sharpness and clarity of the image. It can be controlled by various factors, such as the type of display device, the signal format, the aspect ratio, and the refresh rate.^[3]

Some graphics display resolutions are frequently referenced with a single number (e.g. in "1080p" or "4K"), which represents the number of horizontal or vertical pixels. More generally, any resolution can be expressed as two numbers separated by a multiplication sign (e.g. "1920×1080"), which represent the width and height in pixels.^[4] Since most screens have a landscape format to accommodate the humanfield of view, the first number for the width (in columns) is larger than the second for the height (in lines), and this conventionally holds true for handheld devices that are predominantly or even exclusively used in portrait orientation.

The graphics display resolution is influenced by the aspect ratio, which is the ratio of the width to the height of the display. The aspect ratio determines how the image is scaled and stretched or cropped to fit the screen. The most common aspect ratios for graphics displays are4:3,16:10 (equal to 8:5),16:9, and21:9. The aspect ratio also affects the perceived size of objects on the screen.^[5]

The native screen resolution together with the physical dimensions of the graphics display can be used to calculate itspixel density. An increase in the pixel density often correlates with a decrease in the size of individual pixels on a display.Some graphics displays support multiple resolutions and aspect ratios, which can be changed by the user or by the software.^[6] In particular, some devices use a hardware/native resolution that is a simple multiple of the recommended software/virtual resolutions in order to show finer details; marketing terms for this include "Retina display".

The favoredaspect ratio ofmass-market displayindustryproducts has changed gradually from 4:3, then to 16:10, then to 16:9, and has now changed to 18:9 forsmartphones.^{[8][needs update]} The 4:3 aspect ratio generally reflects older products, especially the era of thecathode ray tube (CRT). The 16:10 aspect ratio had its largest use in the 1995–2010 period, and the 16:9 aspect ratio tends to reflect post-2010 mass-market computer monitor, laptop, and entertainment products displays. On CRTs, there was often a difference between the aspect ratio of thecomputer resolution and the aspect ratio of the display causing non-square pixels (e.g.320 × 200 or1280 × 1024 on a 4:3 display).

The 4:3 aspect ratio was common in older television cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, which were not easily adaptable to a wider aspect ratio. When good quality alternate technologies (i.e.,liquid crystal displays (LCDs) andplasma displays) became more available and less costly, around the year 2000, the common computer displays and entertainment products moved to a wider aspect ratio, first to the 16:10 ratio. The 16:10 ratio allowed some compromise between showing older 4:3 aspect ratio broadcast TV shows, but also allowing better viewing of widescreen movies. However, around the year 2005, home entertainment displays (i.e., TV sets) gradually moved from 16:10 to the 16:9 aspect ratio, for further improvement of viewing widescreen movies. By about 2007, virtually all mass-market entertainment displays were 16:9. In 2011,1920 × 1080 (Full HD, the native resolution ofBlu-ray) was the favored resolution in the most heavily marketed entertainment market displays. The next standard,3840 × 2160 (4K UHD), was first sold in 2013.^{[citation needed]}

Also in 2013, displays with2560 × 1080 (aspect ratio 64:27 or 2.370, however commonly referred to as "21:9" for easy comparison with 16:9) appeared, which closely approximate the commonCinemaScope movie standard aspect ratio of 2.35–2.40. In 2014, "21:9" screens with pixel dimensions of3440 × 1440 (actual aspect ratio 43:18 or 2.38) became available as well.

The computer display industry maintained the 16:10 aspect ratio longer than the entertainment industry, but in the 2005–2010 period, computers were increasingly marketed as dual-use products, with uses in the traditional computer applications, but also as means of viewing entertainment content. In this time frame, with the notable exception of Apple, almost all desktop, laptop, and display manufacturers gradually moved to promoting only 16:9 aspect ratio displays. By 2011, the 16:10 aspect ratio had virtually disappeared from theWindows laptop display market (although Mac laptops are still mostly 16:10, including the2880 × 1800 15" RetinaMacBook Pro and the2560 × 1600 13" Retina MacBook Pro). One consequence of this transition was that the highest available resolutions moved generally downward (i.e., the move from1920 × 1200 laptop displays to1920 × 1080 displays).

In response to usability flaws of now common 16:9 displays in office/professional applications,^{[citation needed]} Microsoft and Huawei started to offer notebooks with a 3:2 aspect ratio. By 2021, Huawei also offers a monitor display offering this aspect ratio, targeted towards professional uses.

All standard HD resolutions share a 16∶9 aspect ratio, although some derived resolutions with smaller or larger ratios also exist, e.g. 4∶3 and 64∶27, respectively. Most of the narrower resolutions are only used for storing, not for displaying videos, while the wider resolutions are often available as physical displays. YouTube, for instance, recommends users upload videos in a 16:9 format with 240, 360, 480 (SD), 720, 1080 (HD), 1440, 2160 (4K) or 4320 (8K) lines.^[9]

While the monikers for those resolutions originally all used a letter prefix with "HD" for the multiplier, and possibly a "+" suffix for intermediate or taller formats, the newer, larger formats tend to be used with "K" notation for thousands of pixels of horizontal resolution, but may be disambiguated by a system qualifier that includes "HD", e.g. "8K UHD" instead of just "8K".

Note: qHD is quarter HD; QHD is quad HD

qHD is a display resolution of960 × 540 pixels, which is exactly one-quarter of a Full HD (1080p) frame, in a 16:9 aspect ratio. Notably, it is neither "qFHD" nor640 × 360 which would be quarter of "HD" resolution (720p).

Some of the few tabletop TVs to use this as its native resolution from around 2005 were theSony XEL-1 and theSharp Aquos P50.Sharp marketed itsED TV sets with this resolution asPAL optimal.

Similar toDVGA, this resolution became popular for high-end smartphone displays in early 2011. Mobile phones including theJolla,Sony Xperia C,HTC Sensation,Motorola Droid RAZR,LG Optimus L9,Microsoft Lumia 535, andSamsung Galaxy S4 Mini have displays with the qHD resolution, as does thePlayStation Vita portable game system.

TheHD or720p resolution of1280 × 720 pixels stems fromhigh-definition television (HDTV), where it originally used 50 or 60 frames per second. With its 16:9 aspect ratio, it is exactly 2 times the width and⁠1+1/2⁠ times the height of 4:3 VGA (640 × 480), which shares its aspect ratio and 480 line count withNTSC. HD, therefore, has exactly 3 times as many pixels as VGA, i.e. almost 1megapixel.

In the mid-2000s, when the digital HD technology and standard debuted on the market, this type of resolution was often referred to by the branded name "HD ready" or "HDr" for short, which had specified it as a minimum resolution for devices to qualify for the certification. However, few screens have been built that use this resolution natively. Most employ 16:9 panels with 768 lines instead (WXGA), which resulted in odd numbers of pixels per line, i.e. 1365⁠1/3⁠ are rounded to 1360, 1364, 1366 or even 1376, the next multiple of 16.

TheHD+ resolution of1600 × 900 pixels in a 16:9 aspect ratio is often referred to as "900p".

FHD (Full HD) is the resolution1920 × 1080 used by the1080p and1080i HDTV video formats. It has a 16:9 aspect ratio and 2,073,600 total pixels, i.e. very close to 2 megapixels, and is exactly 50% larger than 720p HD (1280 × 720) in each dimension for a total of 2.25 times as many pixels. When usinginterlacing, the uncompressed bandwidth requirements are similar to those of 720p at the samefield rate (a 12.5% increase, as one field of 1080i video is 1,036,800 pixels, and one frame of 720p video is 921,600 pixels). Although the number of pixels is the same for 1080p and 1080i, the effective resolution is somewhat lower for the interlaced format, as it is necessary to use some verticallow-pass filtering to reduce temporal artifacts such asinterline twitter.

Sometimes, this resolution is referred to simply as HD, as is evident from derived terms like qHD (quarter), which have a half of the lines and columns of their common base1920 × 1080, whereas QHD (quadruple) has double the dimensions of1280 × 720 instead.

When set in relation to higher resolutions,1920 × 1080 is also referred to as2K because it has roughly 2000 pixels of horizontal resolution.^[10]

The next bigger resolution from1920 × 1080 in vertical direction is1920 × 1200 (16∶10), which is hence calledFHD+ by some producers,^[11] but is elsewhere known asWUXGA, the wider variant of1600 × 1200UXGA.

DCI 2K is a standardized format established by theDigital Cinema Initiatives consortium in 2005 for 2K video projection. This format has a resolution of2048 × 1080 (2.2 megapixels) with an aspect ratio of 256∶135 (1.8962) or roughly "17∶9".^[12] This is the native resolution for DCI-compliant 2K digital projectors – active displays with this resolution are rare. The display aspect ratio is frequently wider than the native one, requiring non-square pixels.

The resolution2560 × 1080 is equivalent to Full HD (1920 × 1080) extended in width by one third, with an aspect ratio of64:27 (2.370, or 21.3:9). Monitors at this resolution usually contain built-in firmware todivide the screen into two1280 × 1080 screens.^[13]

There are other,non-standard display resolutions with 1080 lines whose aspect ratios fall between the usual 16∶9 and the ultra-wide 64∶27, e.g. 18∶9, 18.5∶9, 19∶9 and 19.5∶9. They are mostly used in smartphones or phablets and do not have established names, but may be subsumed under the umbrella termultra-wide (full) HD.

Note: qHD is quarter HD; QHD is quad HD

QHD (Quad HD) or1440p is a display resolution of2560 × 1440 pixels.^[14][15] The name "QHD" reflects the fact that it has four times as many pixels as HD (720p). It is also sometimes called "WQHD"^[16][17] to distinguish it fromqHD (960 × 540), otherwise it is technically redundant since the HD resolutions are all widescreen which the added 'W' empasizes.

This resolution was under consideration by theATSC in the late 1980s to become the standard HDTV format, because it is exactly 4 times the width and 3 times the height of VGA, which has the same number of lines as NTSC signals at theSDTV 4:3 aspect ratio. Pragmatic technical constraints made them choose the now well-known 16:9 formats of1280 × 720 and1920 × 1080 instead, which were 2 times and 3 times the width of VGA respectively.

In October 2006,Chi Mei Optoelectronics (CMO) announced a 47-inch 1440p LCD panel to be released in Q2 2007;^[18] the panel was planned to finally debut at FPD International 2008 in a form ofautostereoscopic3D display.^[19] As of the end of 2013, monitors with this resolution were becoming more common.

The 27-inch version of theApple Cinema Display monitor introduced in July 2010 has a native resolution of2560 × 1440, as did its successor, the 27-inchApple Thunderbolt Display.

The resolution is also used in portable devices. In September 2012, Samsung announced the Series 9 WQHD laptop with a 13-inch2560 × 1440 display.^[20] In August 2013,LG announced a 5.5-inch QHD smartphone display, which was used in theLG G3.^[21] In October 2013Vivo announced a smartphone with a2560 × 1440 display.^[22]Other phone manufacturers followed in 2014, such as Samsung with theGalaxy Note 4,^[23] andGoogle^[24] andMotorola^[25] with theNexus 6^[26] smartphone. By the mid-2010s, it was a common resolution among flagship phones such as theHTC 10, theLumia 950, and theGalaxy S6^[27] and S7.^[28]

Ultrawide (curved) monitors with a 32:9 aspect ratio and a5120 × 1440 resolution have been referred to asDual QHD orDQHD for short. It is sometimes also called "Super-Ultrawide" for marketing purposes.

The resolution3200 × 1800 has a 16:9 aspect ratio and is exactly four times as many pixels as the1600 × 900 HD+ resolution, and is therefore referred to as "QHD+" (Quad HD+).^[29] It has also been referred to as simply "QHD"^[30] and some companies.

The first products announced to use this resolution were the 2013HP Envy 14 TouchSmart Ultrabook and the 13.3-inchSamsung Ativ Q.^[31][32]

The resolution3440 × 1440 is equivalent to QHD (2560 × 1440) extended in width by 34%, giving it anaspect ratio of 43:18 (2.38:1, or 21.5:9; commonly marketed as simply "21:9"). The first monitor to support this resolution was the 34-inch LG 34UM95-P.^[33] This monitor was first released in Germany in late December 2013, before being officially announced at CES 2014.

The resolution3840 × 1080 is equivalent to two Full HD (1920 × 1080) displays side by side or one vertical half of a4K UHD (3840 × 2160) display. It has an aspect ratio of 32:9 (3.5:1), close to the 3.6:1 ratio ofIMAX UltraWideScreen 3.6. Samsung monitors at this resolution contain built-in firmware to divide the screen into two1920 × 1080 screens, or one2560 × 1080 and one1280 × 1080 screen.^[34]

The resolution3840 × 1600 has a 12:5 aspect ratio, i.e. 2.4 or 21.6:9, which is commonly marketed as simply "21:9". It is equivalent toWQXGA (2560 × 1600) extended in width by 50%, or4K UHD (3840 × 2160) reduced in height by 26%. This resolution is commonly encountered in cinematic 4K content that has been cropped vertically to a widescreen aspect ratio. The first monitor to support this resolution was the 37.5-inch LG 38UC99-W. Other vendors followed, with Dell U3818DW, HP Z38c, and Acer XR382CQK.

This resolution has been referred to asUW4K,WQHD+,UWQHD+ orQHD+,^{[35][36][37][38]} though no single name is agreed upon.

The resolution3840 × 2160, sometimes referred to as4K UHD or4K × 2K, has a 16:9 aspect ratio and 8,294,400 pixels. It is double the size of Full HD (1920 × 1080) in both dimensions for a total of four times as many pixels, and triple the size ofHD (1280 × 720) in both dimensions for a total of nine times as many pixels. It is the lowest common multiple of the HDTV resolutions.

3840 × 2160 was chosen as the resolution of theUHDTV1 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036-1,^[39] as well as the4K UHDTV system defined in ITU-R BT.2020^[40][41] and theUHD-1 broadcast standard fromDVB.^[42] It is also the minimum resolution requirement for CEA's definition of anUltra HD display.^[43] Before the publication of these standards, it was sometimes casually referred to as "QFHD" (Quad Full HD).^[44]

The first commercial displays capable of this resolution include an 82-inch LCD TV revealed by Samsung in early 2008,^[45] the Sony SRM-L560, a 56-inch LCD reference monitor announced in October 2009,^[46] an 84-inch display demonstrated by LG in mid-2010,^[47] and a 27.84-inch 158 PPI 4K IPS monitor for medical purposes launched byInnolux in November 2010.^[48] In October 2011Toshiba announced the REGZA 55x3,^[49] which is claimed to be the first 4K glasses-free 3D TV.

DisplayPort supports3840 × 2160 at 30 Hz in version 1.1 and added support for up to 75 Hz in version 1.2 (2009) and 120 Hz in version 1.3 (2014),^[50] whileHDMI added support for3840 × 2160 at 30 Hz in version 1.4 (2009)^[51] and 60 Hz in version 2.0 (2013).^[52]

When support for 4K at 60 Hz was added in DisplayPort 1.2, no DisplayPort timing controllers (TCONs) existed which were capable of processing the necessary amount of data from a single video stream. As a result, the first 4K monitors from 2013 and early 2014, such as the Sharp PN-K321, Asus PQ321Q, and Dell UP2414Q and UP3214Q, were addressed internally as two1920 × 2160 monitors side by side instead of a single display and made use of DisplayPort's Multi-Stream Transport (MST) feature to multiplex a separate signal for each half over the connection, splitting the data between two timing controllers.^[53][54] Newer timing controllers became available in 2014, and after mid-2014 new 4K monitors such as theAsus PB287Q no longer rely on MST tiling technique to achieve 4K at 60 Hz,^[55] instead, using the standard SST (Single-Stream Transport) approach.^[56]

In 2015, Sony announced theXperia Z5 Premium, the first smartphone with a 4K display,^[57] and in 2017 Sony announced the Xperia XZ Premium, the first smartphone with a 4KHDR display.^[58]

4096 × 2160, referred to asDCI 4K,Cinema 4K^[59] or4K × 2K, is the resolution used by the 4K container format defined by theDigital Cinema Initiatives Digital Cinema System Specification, a prominent standard in the cinema industry. This resolution has an aspect ratio of 256:135 (1.8962:1), and 8,847,360 total pixels.^[12] This is the native resolution for DCI 4K digital projectors and displays.

HDMI added support for4096 × 2160 at 24 Hz in version 1.4^[51] and 60 Hz in version 2.0.^[52][60]

The resolution5120 × 2160 is equivalent to 4K UHD (3840 × 2160) extended in width by one third, giving it a 64:27 aspect ratio (2.370 or 21.3:9, commonly marketed as simply "21:9") and 11,059,200 total pixels. It is exactly double the size of2560 × 1080 in both dimensions, for a total of four times as many pixels. The first displays to support this resolution were 105-inch televisions, the LG 105UC9 and the Samsung UN105S9W.^[61][62] In December 2017, LG announced a 34-inch5120 × 2160 monitor, the 34WK95U,^[63] and in January 2021 the 40-inch 40WP95C.^[64] LG refers to this resolution as "5K2K WUHD".^[65]

The resolution5120 × 2880, commonly referred to as5K or5K × 3K, has a 16:9 aspect ratio and 14,745,600 pixels. Although it is not established by any of the UHDTV standards, some manufacturers such as Dell have referred to it as "UHD+".^[66] It is exactly double the pixel count ofQHD (2560 × 1440) in both dimensions for a total of four times as many pixels, and is one third larger than 4K UHD (3840 × 2160) in both dimensions for a total of 1.77 times as many pixels. The line count of 2880 is also theleast common multiple of 480 and 576, the scanline count of NTSC and PAL, respectively. Such a resolution can vertically scale SD content to fit bynatural numbers (6 for NTSC and 5 for PAL). Horizontal scaling of SD is always fractional (non-anamorphic: 5.33...5.47, anamorphic: 7.11...7.29).

The first display with this resolution was the Dell UltraSharp UP2715K, announced on September 5, 2014.^[67] On October 16, 2014, Apple announced theiMac withRetina 5K display.^[68][69]

DisplayPort version 1.3 added support for 5K at 60 Hz over a single cable, whereas version 1.2 was only capable of 5K at 30 Hz. Early 5K 60 Hz displays such as the Dell UltraSharp UP2715K and HP DreamColor Z27q that lacked DisplayPort 1.3 support required two DisplayPort 1.2 connections to operate at 60 Hz, in a tiled display mode similar to early 4K displays using DP MST.^[70]

The resolution7680 × 4320, sometimes referred to as8K UHD, has a 16:9 aspect ratio and 33,177,600 pixels. It is exactly double the size of 4K UHD (3840 × 2160) in each dimension for a total of four times as many pixels, and Quadruple the size of Full HD (1920 × 1080) in each dimension for a total of sixteen times as many pixels.7680 × 4320 was chosen as the resolution of theUHDTV2 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036-1,^[39] as well as the8K UHDTV system defined inITU-R BT.2020^[40][41] and theUHD-2 broadcast standard fromDVB.^[42]

DisplayPort 1.3, finalized byVESA in late 2014, added support for7680 × 4320 at 30 Hz (or 60 Hz with Y′C_BC_R 4:2:0 subsampling). VESA'sDisplay Stream Compression (DSC), which was part of early DisplayPort 1.3 drafts and would have enabled 8K at 60 Hz without subsampling, was cut from the specification prior to publication of the final draft.^[71]

DSC support was reintroduced with the publication of DisplayPort 1.4 in March 2016. Using DSC, a "visually lossless" form of compression, formats up to7680 × 4320 (8K UHD) at 60 Hz withHDR and 30 bit/px color depth are possible without subsampling.^[72]

Quarter-QVGA (QQVGA orqqVGA)^{[citation needed]} denotes a resolution of160 × 120 (4:3 storage aspect ratio) or120 × 160 pixels, usually used in displays of handheld devices. The term Quarter-QVGA signifies a resolution of one fourth the number of pixels in aQVGA display (half the number of vertical and half the number of horizontal pixels) which itself has one fourth the number of pixels in aVGA display. There are also devices with QQVGA160 × 128 (5:4 storage aspect ratio).^{[73][failed verification]}

The abbreviationqqVGA may be used to distinguishquarter fromquad, just likeqVGA.^[74]

HQVGA^{[citation needed]} (orHalf-QVGA)^{[citation needed]} denotes a display screen resolution of240 × 160 or160 × 240 pixels, as seen on theGame Boy Advance.^[75] This resolution is half ofQVGA, which is itself a quarter ofVGA, which is640 × 480 pixels.

Quarter VGA (QVGA^[1][76][77] orqVGA) is a popular term for a computer display with320 × 240 display resolution. QVGA displays were most often used in mobile phones,personal digital assistants (PDA), and some handheld game consoles. Often the displays are in a "portrait" orientation (i.e., taller than they are wide, as opposed to "landscape") and are referred to as240 × 320.^[78]

The name comes from having aquarter of the640 × 480 maximum resolution of the original IBMVideo Graphics Array display technology, which became a de facto industry standard in the late 1980s. QVGA is not a standard mode offered by theVGA BIOS, even though VGA and compatible chipsets support a QVGA-sizedMode X. The term refers only to the display's resolution and thus the abbreviated term QVGA or Quarter VGA is more appropriate to use.

QVGA resolution is also used in digital video recording equipment as a low-resolution mode requiring less data storage capacity than higher resolutions, typically in stilldigital cameras with video recording capability, and some mobile phones. Each frame is an image of320 × 240 pixels. QVGA video is typically recorded at 15 or 30frames per second. QVGA mode describes the size of an image in pixels, commonly called the resolution; numerousvideo file formats support this resolution.

While QVGA is alower resolution than VGA, at higher resolutions the "Q" prefix commonly meansquad(ruple) or four timeshigher display resolution (e.g.,QXGA is four times higher resolution thanXGA). To distinguishquarter fromquad, lowercase "q" is sometimes used for "quarter" and uppercase "Q" for "Quad", by analogy withSI prefixes like m/M and p/P, but this is not a consistent usage.^[79]

Some examples of devices that use QVGA display resolution include theiPod Classic,Samsung i5500,LG Optimus L3-E400,Galaxy Fit,Y andPocket,HTC Wildfire,Sony Ericsson Xperia X10 Mini andMini pro andNintendo 3DS' bottom screen.

Wide QVGA orWQVGA are some display resolutions having the same height in pixels as QVGA, but wider.^[80]

Since QVGA is 320 pixels wide and 240 pixels high (aspect ratio of 4:3), the resolution of a WQVGA screen might be360 × 240 (3:2 aspect ratio),384 × 240 (16:10 aspect ratio),400 × 240 (5:3 – such as theNintendo 3DS screen),426 × 240,428 × 240 (≈16:9 ratio) or432 × 240 (18:10 aspect ratio). As withWVGA, exact ratios ofn:9 are difficult because of the way VGA controllers internally deal with pixels. For instance, when using graphical combinatorial operations on pixels, VGA controllers will use 1 bit per pixel. Since bits cannot be accessed individually but by chunks of 16 or an even higher power of 2, this limits the horizontal resolution to a 16-pixel granularity, i.e., the horizontal resolution must be divisible by 16. In the case of the 16:9 ratio, with 240 pixels high, the horizontal resolution should be 240 / 9 × 16 = 426.6 (4262⁄3), the closest multiple of 16 is 432.

WQVGA has also been used to describe displays that are not 240 pixels high, for example, Sixteenth HD1080 displays which are 480 pixels wide and 270 or 272 pixels high. This may be due to WQVGA having the nearest screen height.

WQVGA resolutions were commonly used intouchscreen mobile phones, such as400 × 240,432 × 240, and480 × 240. For example, theHyundai MB 490i,Sony Ericsson Aino and theSamsung Instinct have WQVGA screen resolutions –240 × 432. Other devices such as the AppleiPod Nano also use a WQVGA screen,240 × 376 pixels. The Nintendo 3DS line is probably the most famous device to have a WQVGA screen.

HVGA (Half-size VGA) screens have480 × 320 pixels (3:2 aspect ratio),480 × 360 pixels (4:3 aspect ratio),480 × 272 (≈16:9 aspect ratio), or640 × 240 pixels (8:3 aspect ratio).^{[citation needed]} The former is used by a variety ofPDA devices, starting with the SonyCLIÉPEG-NR70 in 2002,^[82] and standalone PDAs byPalm. The latter was used by a variety of handheld PC devices. VGA resolution is640 × 480.

Examples of devices that use HVGA include the AppleiPhone (1st generation through3GS),iPod Touch (1st Generation through 3rd),BlackBerry Bold 9000,HTC Dream,Hero,Wildfire S,LG GW620 Eve,MyTouch 3G Slide,Nokia 6260 Slide,Palm Pre,Samsung M900 Moment,Sony Ericsson Xperia X8,mini,mini pro,active and live and theSony PlayStation Portable.

Texas Instruments produces theDLP pico projector which supports HVGA resolution.^[83]

HVGA was the only resolution supported in the first versions of GoogleAndroid, up to release 1.5.^[84] Other higher and lower resolutions became available starting on release 1.6, like the popularWVGA resolution on theMotorola Droid or the QVGA resolution on theHTC Tattoo.

Three-dimensional computer graphics common ontelevision throughout the 1980s were mostly rendered at this resolution, causing objects to have jagged edges on the top and bottom when edges were not anti-aliased.

Video Graphics Array (VGA)^[1][76][85] refers specifically to the display hardware first introduced with theIBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987.^[86] Through its widespread adoption, VGA has also come to mean either an analog computer display standard, the 15-pinD-subminiature VGA connector, or the640 × 480 resolution itself. While the VGA resolution was superseded in the personal computer market in the 1990s and the SEGA Dreamcast in 1998,^[87] it became a popular resolution on mobile devices in the 2000s.^[88] VGA is still the universal fallback troubleshooting mode in the case of trouble with graphic device drivers in operating systems.

In the field of video, the resolution of480i supports 640 samples per line (corresponding to 640x480) corresponding toStandard Definition (SD), in contrast to high-definition (HD) resolutions like1280 × 720 and1920 × 1080.

Wide VGA orWVGA,^[89][90][91] sometimes justWGA^{[citation needed]} are some display resolutions with the same 480-pixel height asVGA but wider, such as720 × 480 (3:2 aspect ratio),800 × 480^[89][90][91] (5:3),848 × 480,852 × 480,^[93]853 × 480, or854 × 480 (≈16:9).^{[citation needed]}It was a common resolution among LCD projectors and later portable and hand-held internet-enabled devices (such asMID andNetbooks) as it is capable of rendering websites designed for an 800 wide window in full page-width. Examples of hand-held internet devices, without phone capability, with this resolution include:Spice stellar nhance mi-435,ASUS Eee PC 700 series, DellXCD35, Nokia770,N800, andN810.

FWVGA^[94][95] is an abbreviation forFull Wide Video Graphics Array which refers to a display resolution of854 × 480 pixels.854 × 480 is approximately the 16:9 aspect ratio ofanamorphically "un-squeezed" NTSC DVD widescreen video and is considered a "safe" resolution that does not crop any of the image. It is calledFull WVGA to distinguish it from other, narrower WVGA resolutions which require cropping 16:9 aspect ratio high-definition video (i.e. it is full width, albeit with a considerablereduction in size).

The 854 pixel width is rounded up from 853.3:

480 ×16⁄9 =7680⁄9 =853+1⁄3.

Since a pixel must be a whole number, rounding up to 854 ensures inclusion of the entire image.853 × 480 is the 16:9 equivalent forNTSC (480 lines) on a display with square pixels. Plasma and other digital TV sets with this resolution were marketed asenhanced-definition television (EDTV) at the time.

In 2010, mobile phones with FWVGA display resolution started to become more common. (See also:list of mobile phones with FWVGA display.) In addition, theWii U GamePad that comes with theNintendoWii U gaming console includes a 6.2-inch FWVGA display.

Super Video Graphics Array, abbreviated toSuper VGA orSVGA,^[1][76][85] also known asUltra Video Graphics Array early on,^[96] abbreviated toUltra VGA orUVGA, is a broad term that covers a wide range ofcomputer display standards.^[97]

Originally, it was an extension to the VGA standard first released by IBM in 1987. Unlike VGA – a purely IBM-defined standard – Super VGA was defined by theVideo Electronics Standards Association (VESA), an open consortium set up to promote interoperability and define standards. When used as a resolution specification, in contrast to VGA orXGA for example, the termSVGA normally refers to a resolution of800 × 600 pixels.

The marginally higher resolution832 × 624 is the highest 4:3 resolution not greater than 2¹⁹ pixels, with its horizontal dimension a multiple of 32 pixels. This enables it to fit within aframebuffer of 512 KB (512 × 2¹⁰ bytes), and the common multiple of 32 pixels constraint is related toalignment. For these reasons, this resolution was available on theMacintosh LC III and other systems.^{[citation needed]}

The wide version of SVGA is known asWSVGA (Wide Super VGA orWide SVGA),^[98] featured on Ultra-Mobile PCs, netbooks, and tablet computers. The resolution is either1024 × 576 (aspect ratio 16:9)^{[citation needed]} or1024 × 600 (128:75) with screen sizes normally ranging from 7 to 10 inches. It has full XGA width of 1024 pixels. Although digital broadcast content in formerPAL/SECAM regions has 576 active lines, several mobile TV sets with aDVB-T2 tuner use the 600-line variant with a diameter of 7, 9 or 10 inches (18 to 26 cm).

1024 × 576 is the 16:9 equivalent for PAL (576 lines) on a display with square pixels, resulting in apixel aspect ratio of 16∶11 or 64∶45 depending on the native resolution of PAL.^{[citation needed]}

DVGA^{[citation needed]} (DoubleVGA) screens have960 × 640 pixels (3:2 aspect ratio)^[99][100]. Both dimensions are double that of HVGA, hence the pixel count is quadrupled.

Examples of devices that use DVGA include theMeizu MX mobile phone and the AppleiPhone 4 and4S with theiPod Touch 4, where the screen is called the "Retina Display".iPhone 5 introduced a wide, 16:9 variant at1136 × 640 pixels, which also has no official acronym.

QuadVGA^[101] (also labelled asQuad VGA^[102] orQuad-VGA^{[103][failed verification]}) is a non-standard term used to refer to a resolution of1280 × 960, since both sides are doubled fromVGA. However, it is usually not as the abbreviationQVGA because this is strongly associated with the alternate meaningQuarter VGA (QVGA320 × 240).

It is sometimes unofficially calledSXGA−^{[citation needed]} to avoid confusion with theSXGA standard (1280 × 1024). Elsewhere, this 4:3 resolution was supposedly also calledUVGA (Ultra VGA),^{[citation needed]} orSXVGA (Super eXtended VGA)^{[citation needed]}.

TheExtended Graphics Array (XGA) or originallyExtended Video Graphics Array (Extended-VGA,EVGA)^[120] is an IBM display standard introduced in 1990. Later it became the most common appellation of the1024 × 768^{[1][76][104][85]} pixels display resolution.

The initial version of XGA expanded upon IBM's older VGA by adding support for four new screen modes, including one new resolution:^[121][122]

• 640 × 480 pixels in direct16 bits-per-pixel (65,536 color) RGBhi-color and8 bit/px (256 color)palette-indexed mode.
• 1024 × 768 pixels with a 16- or 256-color (4 or 8 bit/px) palette, using a low frequency interlaced refresh rate.

XGA-2 added a 24-bitDAC, but this was used only to extend the available master palette in 256-color mode, e.g. to allow true256-greyscale output. Other improvements included the provision of the previously missing800 × 600 resolution in up to 65,536 colors, faster screen refresh rates in all modes (including non-interlace, flicker-free output for1024 × 768), and improved accelerator performance and versatility.

All standard XGA modes have a4:3 aspect ratio with square pixels, although this does not hold for certain standard VGA and third-party extended modes (640 × 400,1280 × 1024).

Wide XGA (WXGA) is a set of non-standard resolutions derived from XGA (1024 × 768) by widening it to1366 × 768^{[105][106][107]} with awidescreen aspect ratio of nearly 16:9 or to1280 × 800^[104] with an aspect ratio of 16:10. WXGA is commonly used for low-end LCD TVs and LCD computer monitors for widescreen presentation. The exact resolution offered by a device described as "WXGA" can be somewhat variable owing to a proliferation of several closely related timings optimised for different uses and derived from different bases.

InMicrosoft Windows operating system specifically, the larger taskbar of Windows 7 occupies an additional 16-pixel lines by default, which may compromise the usability of programs that already demanded a full1024 × 768 (instead of, e.g.800 × 600) unless it is specifically set to use small icons; an "oddball" 784-line resolution would compensate for this, but1280 × 800 has a simpler aspect and also gives the slight bonus of 16more usable lines. Also, the Windows Sidebar inWindows Vista and 7 can use the additional 256 or 336 horizontal pixels to display informational "widgets" without compromising the display width of other programs, and Windows 8 is specifically designed around a "two-pane" concept where the full 16:9 or 16:10 screen is not required. Typically, this consists of a 4:3 main program area (typically1024 × 768,1000 × 800 or1440 × 1080) plus a narrow sidebar running a second program, showing a toolbox for the main program or a pop-out OS shortcut panel taking up the remainder.^{[citation needed]}

When referring to televisions and other monitors intended for consumer entertainment use, WXGA is often understood to refer to a resolution of1366 × 768,^[105][106] with an aspect ratio of very nearly 16:9. The basis for this otherwise odd seeming resolution is similar to that of other "wide" standards – the line scan (refresh) rate of the well-established "XGA" standard (1024 × 768 pixels, 4:3 aspect ratio) extended to give square pixels on the increasingly popular 16:9 widescreen display ratio without having to effect major signalling changes other than a faster pixel clock, or manufacturing changes other than extending panel width by one third. As 768 is not divisible by 9, the aspect ratio is notquite 16:9 – this would require a width of 13651⁄3 (1365.3) pixels. However, at only 0.05%, the resulting error is insignificant. It is also occasionally referred to as FWXGA (Full Wide XGA), so it can be distinguished from other, narrower WXGA resolutions.^[108][109]

Following the introduction of the EuropeanHD ready logo in 2005, a year later1366 × 768 was the most popular resolution forliquid crystal display televisions (versus XGA forPlasma TVsflat panel displays);^{[105][failed verification]} By 2013, even this was relegated to only being used in smaller or cheaper displays (e.g. "bedroom" LCD TVs, or low-cost, large-format plasmas), cheaper laptop and mobile tablet computers, and midrange home cinema projectors, having otherwise been overtaken by higher "full HD" resolutions such as1920 × 1080.^[107]

A common variant on this resolution is also1360 × 768 (unnamed^[124][1] or named FWXGA^[113]), which confers several technical benefits, most significantly a reduction in memory requirements from just over to just under 1 MB per 8-bit channel (1366 × 768 needs 1024.5 KB per channel;1360 × 768 needs 1020 KB; 1 MB is equal to 1024 KB), which simplifies architecture and can significantly reduce the amount–and speed–of VRAM required with only a very minor change in available resolution, as memory chips are usually only available in fixed megabyte capacities. For example, at 32-bit color, a1360 × 768 framebuffer would require only 4 MB, whilst a1366 × 768 one may need 5, 6, or even 8 MB depending on the exact display circuitry architecture and available chip capacities. The 6-pixel reduction also means each line's width is divisible by 8 pixels, simplifying numerous routines used in both computer and broadcast/theatrical video processing, which operate on 8-pixel blocks. Historically, many video cards also mandated screen widths divisible by 8 for their lower-color, planar modes to accelerate memory accesses and simplify pixel position calculations (e.g. fetching 4-bit pixels from 32-bit memory is much faster when performed 8 pixels at a time, and calculating exactly where a particular pixel is within a memory block is much easier when lines do not end partway through a memory word), and this convention persisted in low-end hardware even into the early days of widescreen, LCD HDTVs; thus, most 1366-width displays also quietly support display of 1360-width material, with a thin border of unused pixel columns at each side. This narrower mode is even further removed from the 16:9 ideal, but the error is still less than 0.5% (technically, the mode is either 15.94:9.00 or 16.00:9.04) and should be imperceptible.^{[citation needed]}

When referring to laptop displays or independent displays and projectors intended primarily for use with computers, WXGA is also used to describe a resolution of1280 × 800 pixels, with an aspect ratio of16:10.^{[125][126][104][76]} This was once particularly popular for laptop screens, usually with a diagonal screen size of between 12 and 15 inches, as it provided a useful compromise between 4:3 XGA and 16:9 WXGA, with improved resolution inboth dimensions vs. the old standard (especially useful in portrait mode, or for displaying two standard pages of text side by side), a perceptibly "wider" appearance and the ability to display 720p HD video "native" with only very thin letterbox borders (usable for on-screen playback controls) and no stretching. Additionally, it required only 1000 KB (just under 1 MB) of memory per 8-bit channel; thus, a typical double-buffered 32-bit color screen could fit within 8 MB, limiting everyday demands on the complexity (and cost, energy use) of integrated graphics chipsets and their shared use of typically sparse system memory (generally allocated to the video system in relatively large blocks), at least when only the internal display was in use (external monitors generally being supported in "extended desktop" mode to at least1600 × 1200 resolution). 16:10 (or 8:5) is itself a rather "classic" computer aspect ratio, harking back to early320 × 200 modes (and their derivatives) as seen in the Commodore 64, IBM CGA card and others. However, as of mid-2013, this standard is becoming increasingly rare, crowded out by the more standardized and thus more economical-to-produce1366 × 768 panels, as its previously beneficial features become less important with improvements to hardware, gradual loss of general backwards software compatibility, and changes in interface layout. As of February 2024, the market availability of panels with1280 × 800 native resolution had been generally relegated to handheld gaming computers^{[original research?]}1280 × 800 is used byValve'sSteam Deck,^[127] as well as several other handheld gaming computers.

Additionally, at least three other resolutions are sometimes labelled as WXGA:

• The first variant,1280 × 768,^{[123][1][113][76]} can be seen as a compromise resolution that addressed this problem, as well as a halfway point between the older1024 × 768 and1280 × 1024 resolutions, and a stepping stone to1366 × 768 (being one-quarter wider than 1024, not one-third) and1280 × 800, that never quite caught on in the same way as either of its arguably derivative successors. Its square-pixel aspect ratio is 15:9 (or 5:3), in contrast to HDTV's 16:9 and1280 × 800's 16:10. It is also the lowest resolution that might be found in an "Ultrabook" standard laptop, as it satisfies the minimum horizontal and vertical pixel resolutions required to officially qualify for the designation.^{[citation needed]}
• Second, the HDTV-standard1280 × 720^[128] (otherwise commonly described as "720p"), which offers an exact 16:9 aspect ratio with square pixels; naturally, it displays standard 720p HD video material without stretching or letterboxing and 1080i/1080p with a simple 2:3 downscale. This resolution has found some use in tablets and modern, high-pixel-density mobile phones, as well as small-format "netbook" or "ultralight" laptop computers. However, its use is uncommon in larger, mainstream devices as it has an insufficient vertical resolution for the proper use of modern operating systems such as Windows 7 whose UI design assumes a minimum of 768 lines. For certain uses such as word processing, it can even be considered a slight downgrade (reducing the number of simultaneously visible lines of text without granting any significant benefit as even 640 pixels is sufficient horizontal resolution to legibly render a full page width, especially with the addition of subpixel anti-aliasing).^{[citation needed]}
• Another mentionable resolution is1152 × 768 with a 3:2 aspect ratio.^{[citation needed]}
• Likewise,1344 × 768 with a 7:4 aspect ratio (similar to 16:9) is used sometimes.^{[citation needed]}
• Some1440 × 900 resolution displays have also been found labeled as WXGA;^[104] however, the "correct" label isWXGA+.

XGA+ stands forExtended Graphics Array Plus and is a computer display standard, usually understood to refer to the1152 × 864 resolution with an aspect ratio of 4:3. Until the advent of widescreen LCDs, XGA+ was often used on 17-inch desktop CRT monitors.^[107][110] It is the highest 4:3 resolution not greater than 2²⁰ pixels (≈1.05megapixels), with its horizontal dimension a multiple of 32 pixels. This enables it to fit closely into a video memory or framebuffer of 1 MB (1 × 2²⁰bytes), assuming the use of one byte per pixel. The common multiple of 32 pixels constraint is related toalignment.

Historically, the resolution also relates to the earlier standard of1152 × 900 pixels, which was adopted bySun Microsystems for theSun-2 workstation in the early 1980s. A decade later,Apple Computer selected the resolution of1152 × 870 for their 21-inch CRT monitors, intended for use as two-page displays on theMacintosh II computer. These resolutions are even closer to the limit of a 1 MB framebuffer, but their aspect ratios differ slightly from the common 4:3.^[107]

XGA+ is the next step afterXGA (1024 × 768), although it is not approved by any standard organizations. The next step with an aspect ratio of 4:3 is1280 × 960 (QuadVGA) or1400 × 1050 (SXGA+).

WXGA+^{[17][85][111][112][76]} andWSXGA^[17][85] are terms referring to a computer display resolution of1440 × 900. Occasionally manufacturers use other terms to refer to this resolution.^[129] The Standard Panels Working Group refers to the1440 × 900 resolution as WXGA (but refers also WXGA to1280 × 800).^[104]

WXGA+ can be considered enhanced versions ofWXGA with more pixels. The aspect ratio is16:10 (widescreen). WXGA+ resolution is common in 19-inch widescreen desktop monitors (a very small number of such monitors useWSXGA+), and is also optional, although less common, in laptop LCDs, in sizes ranging from 12.1 to 17 inches.^{[citation needed]}

The name WSXGA is also used to describe a resolution of1600 × 1024,^[113] which has an aspect ratio of 25:16 (5²:4² = 1.5625, which is between 14:9 and 16:10).^[130]

WXGA+ has also been used to refer to a resolution of1280 × 854,^[76] which has an aspect ratio very close to 3:2 (1.5).

Super XGA (SXGA)^[85] is a standard monitor resolution of1280 × 1024 pixels.^[1][76] This display resolution is the "next step" above the XGA resolution that IBM developed in 1990.

The1280 × 1024 resolution is not the standard 4:3 aspect ratio, instead it is a 5:4 aspect ratio (1.25:1 instead of 1.3:1). A standard 4:3 monitor using this resolution will have rectangular rather than square pixels, meaning that unless the software compensates for this the picture will be distorted, causing circles to appear elliptical.

SXGA is the most common native resolution of 17-inch and 19-inch LCD monitors. An LCD monitor with SXGA native resolution will typically have a physical 5:4 aspect ratio, preserving a 1:1pixel aspect ratio.

Sony manufactured a 17-inch CRT monitor with a 5:4 aspect ratio designed for this resolution. It was sold under the Apple brand name.^{[citation needed]}

SXGA is also a popular resolution for cell phone cameras, such as the Motorola Razr and most Samsung and LG phones. Although having been taken over by newer UXGA (2.0-megapixel) cameras, the 1.3-megapixel was the most common around 2007.^{[citation needed]}

Any CRT that can run1280 × 1024 can also run1280 × 960 (QuadVGA or sometimesSXGA-), which has the standard 4:3 ratio. A flat panelTFT screen, including one designed for1280 × 1024, will show stretching distortion when set to display any resolution other than its native one, as the image needs to be interpolated to fit in the fixed grid display. Some TFT displays do not allow a user to disable this, and will prevent the upper and lower portions of the screen from being used forcing a "letterbox" format when set to a 4:3 ratio.^{[citation needed]}

The1280 × 1024 resolution became popular because at24 bit/px color depth it fits well into 4 megabytes ofvideo RAM.^{[citation needed]} At the time, memory was extremely expensive. Using1280 × 1024 at 24-bit color depth allowed using 3.75 MB of video RAM, fitting nicely withVRAM chip sizes which were available at the time (4 MB):

(1280 × 1024) px × 24 bit/px ÷ 8 bit/byte ÷ 2²⁰ byte/MB = 3.75 MB

SXGA+^{[76][104][85]} stands forSuper Extended Graphics Array Plus and is acomputer display standard. An SXGA+ display is commonly used on 14-inch or 15-inch laptop LCD screens with a resolution of1400 × 1050 pixels. An SXGA+ display is used on a few 12-inch laptop screens such as theThinkPad X60 and X61 (both only as tablet) as well as theToshiba Portégé M200 and M400, but those are far less common. At 14.1 inches,Dell offered SXGA+ on many of the Latitude C-Series laptops, such as the C640, and IBM since the ThinkPad T21.^{[citation needed]} Sony also used SXGA+ in their Z1 series, but no longer produces them as widescreen has become more predominant^[when?].

In desktop LCDs, SXGA+ is used on some low-end 20-inch monitors, whereas most of the 20-inch LCDs use UXGA (standard screen ratio), or WSXGA+ (widescreen ratio).^{[citation needed]}

A rare resolution of2800 × 2100, i.e. with double the pixels horizontally and vertically, is known asQSXGA+.^[85]

WSXGA+^{[76][104][85][94]} stands forWidescreen Super Extended Graphics Array Plus. WSXGA+ displays were commonly used on Widescreen 20-, 21-, and 22-inch LCD monitors from numerous manufacturers (and a very small number of 19-inch widescreen monitors), as well as widescreen 15.4-inch and 17-inch laptop LCD screens like the Thinkpad T61p, the late 17" ApplePowerBook G4 and the unibody Apple 15"MacBook Pro. The resolution is1680 × 1050 pixels (1,764,000 pixels) with a 16:10 aspect ratio.

WSXGA+ is the widescreen version ofSXGA+. The next highest resolution (for widescreen) after it isWUXGA, which is1920 × 1200 pixels.

UXGA^{[104][85][1][76]} (sometimesUGA)^{[citation needed]} is an abbreviation forUltra Extended Graphics Array referring to a standard monitor resolution of1600 × 1200 pixels (totaling 1,920,000 pixels), which is exactly four times the default image resolution ofSVGA (800 × 600) (totaling 480,000 pixels). Dell Inc. refers to the same resolution of 1,920,000 pixels asUGA. It is generally considered to be the next step aboveSXGA (1280 × 960 or1280 × 1024), but some resolutions (such as the unnamed1366 × 1024 andSXGA+ at1400 × 1050) fit between the two.

UXGA has been the native resolution of many fullscreen monitors of 15 inches or more, including laptop LCDs such as the ones in the IBM ThinkPad A21p, A30p, A31p, T42p, T43p, T60p, Dell Inspiron 8000/8100/8200 and Latitude/Precision equivalents; some Panasonic Toughbook CF-51 models; and the original Alienware Area 51M gaming laptop. However, in more recent times, UXGA is not used in laptops at all but rather in desktop monitors that have been made in sizes of 20 inches and 21.3 inches. Some 14-inch laptop LCDs with UXGA have also existed (such as the Dell Inspiron 4100), but these are very rare.

There are two different widescreen cousins of UXGA, one calledUWXGA with1600 × 768 (750)^{[citation needed]} and one calledWUXGA with1920 × 1200 resolution.

WUXGA^{[104][85][76]} stands forWidescreen Ultra Extended Graphics Array and is a display resolution of1920 × 1200 pixels (2,304,000 pixels) with a 16:10 screen aspect ratio. It is a wide version ofUXGA. By some producers it is calledFHD+ because it is the next bigger resolution in vertical direction afterFHD (1920 × 1080).^[11] WUXGA/FHD+ can be used for viewing high-definition television (HDTV) content, which uses a 16:9 aspect ratio and a1280 × 720 (720p) or1920 × 1080 (1080i or 1080p) resolution.

The 16:10 aspect ratio (as opposed to the 16:9 used in widescreen televisions) was chosen because this aspect ratio is appropriate for displaying two full pages of text side by side.^[131]

WUXGA resolution has a total of 2,304,000 pixels. One frame of uncompressed 8 BPC RGB WUXGA is 6.75 MiB (6.912 MB). Initially, it was available in widescreen CRTs such as the Sony GDM-FW900 and the Hewlett-Packard A7217A (introduced in 2003), and in 17-inch laptops. MostQXGA displays support1920 × 1200. WUXGA is also available in some mobilephablet devices such as the Huawei Honor X2 Gem.

The next lower standard resolution (for widescreen) before it is WSXGA+, which is1680 × 1050 pixels (1,764,000 pixels, or 30.61% fewer than WUXGA); the next higher resolution widescreen is an unnamed2304 × 1440 resolution (supported by the above GDM-FW900 and A7217A) and then the more common WQXGA, which has2560 × 1600 pixels (4,096,000 pixels, or 77.78% more than WUXGA).

QWXGA^[114] (forQuad-WXGA orQuad Wide Extended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of2048 × 1152 pixels with a16:9 aspect ratio.

If taken as a starting point thatWXGA has a display resolution of1366 × 768^[105] or1280 × 800^[104] a display with a size 4-times of WXGA should have2732 × 1536 or2560 × 1600 pixels, but the first is non-existent and the latter is namedWQXGA. Conversely, the quarter of QWXGA (2048 × 1152) would have1024 × 576 pixels but this is namedWSVGA.

A few QWXGA LCD monitors were available in 2009 with 23- and 27-inch displays, such as theAcer B233HU (23-inch) and B273HU (27-inch), the Dell SP2309W, and the Samsung 2343BWX. As of 2011, most2048 × 1152 monitors have been discontinued, and as of 2013, no major manufacturer produces monitors with this resolution.^{[citation needed]}

QXGA (forQuad-XGA orQuad Extended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of2048 × 1536 pixels with a4:3 aspect ratio as XGA.^[1][76] The name comes from it having four times as many pixels as an XGA display of1024 × 768.

Examples of LCDs with this resolution are the IBM T210 and theEizo G33 and R31 screens, but in CRT monitors this resolution is much more common; some examples include the Sony F520,ViewSonic G225fB,NEC FP2141SB orMitsubishi DP2070SB,Iiyama Vision Master Pro 514, andDell andHP P1230. Of these monitors, none are still in production.

A related display size isWQXGA, which is awidescreen version.

IDTech manufactured a 15-inch QXGAIPS panel, used in the IBM ThinkPad R50p. NEC sold laptops with QXGA screens in 2002–05 for the Japanese market.^[132][133] TheiPad (from3rd through6th generation andMini 2) also have a QXGA display.

WQXGA (Wide Quad Extended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of2560 × 1600 pixels with a 16:10 aspect ratio.^[115] The name implies a "wide QXGA" (QXGA2048 × 1536) but it's not. Instead, WQXGA has exactlyfour times as many pixels as a WXGA (1280 × 800) hence the name "Quad-WXGA" would fit butQWXGA is defined as2048 × 1152 pixels.

By some producers it is calledQHD+^{[134][135][136]} referring toQHD (2560 × 1440). (QHD+ is sometimes also used for the resolution3200 × 1800 (QHD+).)

To obtain a vertical refresh rate higher than 40 Hz withDVI, this resolution requiresdual-link DVI cables and devices. To avoid cable problems monitors are sometimes shipped with an appropriate dual link cable already plugged in. Manyvideo cards support this resolution. One feature that was unique to the 30-inch WQXGA monitors is the ability to function as the centerpiece and main display of a three-monitor array of complementary aspect ratios, with two UXGA (1600 × 1200) 20-inch monitors turned vertically on either side. The resolutions are equal, and the size of the 1600 resolution edges is within a tenth of an inch (16-inch vs. 15.89999"), presenting a "picture window view" without the extreme lateral dimensions, small central panel, asymmetry, resolution differences, or dimensional difference of other three-monitor combinations. The resulting4960 × 1600 composite image has a 3.1:1 aspect ratio. This also means one UXGA 20-inch monitor in portrait orientation can also be flanked by two 30-inch WQXGA monitors for a6320 × 1600 composite image with an 11.85:3 (79:20, 3.95:1) aspect ratio.

An early consumer WQXGA monitor was the 30-inch Apple Cinema Display, unveiled by Apple in June 2004. At the time, dual-link DVI was uncommon on consumer hardware, so Apple partnered withNvidia to develop a special graphics card that had two dual-link DVI ports, allowing simultaneous use of two 30-inch Apple Cinema Displays. The nature of this graphics card, being an add-in AGP card, meant that the monitors could only be used in a desktop computer, like the Power Mac G5, that could have the add-in card installed, and could not be immediately used with laptop computers that lacked this expansion capability.^{[citation needed]}

In March 2009, Apple updated several Macintosh computers with a Mini DisplayPort adapter, such as the Mac mini and iMac. These allow an external connection to 2560x1600 display.^[137][138]

In 2010, WQXGA made its debut in a handful of home theater projectors targeted at the Constant Height Screen application market. Both Digital Projection Inc and projectiondesign released models based on a Texas Instruments DLP chip with a native WQXGA resolution, alleviating the need for an anamorphic lens to achieve 1:2.35 image projection. Many manufacturers have 27–30-inch models that are capable of WQXGA, albeit at a much higher price than lower resolution monitors of the same size. Several mainstream WQXGA monitors are or were available with 30-inch displays, such as the Dell 3007WFP-HC, 3008WFP, U3011, U3014, UP3017, the Hewlett-Packard LP3065, theGateway XHD3000,LG W3000H, and the Samsung 305T. Specialist manufacturers likeNEC,Eizo,Planar Systems,Barco (LC-3001), and possibly others offer similar models. As of 2016,LG Display make a 10-bit 30-inch AH-IPS panel, with wide color gamut, used in monitors from Dell, NEC, HP, Lenovo and Iiyama.

Released in November 2012, Google'sNexus 10 is the first consumertablet to feature WQXGA resolution. Before its release, the highest resolution available on a tablet was QXGA (2048 × 1536), available on the Apple iPad 3rd and 4th generations devices. Several Samsung Galaxy tablets, including the Note 10.1 (2014 Edition), Tab S 8.4, 10.5 and TabPRO 8.4, 10.1 and Note Pro 12.2, as well as the Gigaset QV1030, also feature a WQXGA resolution display.

In 2012, Apple released the 13 inchMacBook Pro withRetina Display that features a WQXGA display, and the newMacBook Air in 2018.

The LG Gram 17 introduced in 2019^[139] uses a 17-inch WQXGA display.

QSXGA^[85] (Quad Super Extended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of2560 × 2048 pixels with a 5:4 aspect ratio. Grayscale monitors with a2560 × 2048 resolution, primarily for medical use, are available fromPlanar Systems (Dome E5),Eizo (Radiforce G51),Barco (Nio 5, MP),WIDE (IF2105MP), IDTech (IAQS80F), and possibly others.

Recent^[when?] medical displays such as Barco Coronis Fusion 10MP or NDS Dome S10 have a native panel resolution of4096 × 2560. These are driven by two dual-link DVI or DisplayPort outputs. They can be considered to be two seamless virtual QSXGA displays as they have to be driven simultaneously by both dual-link DVI or DisplayPort since one dual-link DVI or DisplayPort cannot single-handedly display 10 megapixels. A similar resolution of2560 × 1920 (4:3) was supported by a small number of CRT displays via VGA such as the Viewsonic P225f when paired with the right graphics card.^{[citation needed]}

Doubling the width and height of WXGA+1440 × 900 for a higher pixel density yieldsWQXGA+.^[116]

WQSXGA (Wide Quad Super Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that can support a resolution up to3200 × 2048 pixels, assuming a 25:16 (1.5625:1) aspect ratio. The Coronis Fusion 6MP DL by Barco supports a slightly wider3280 × 2048 (approximately 16:10).^{[citation needed]}

QUXGA^[85][76] (Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that can support a resolution up to3200 × 2400 pixels, assuming a 4:3 aspect ratio.

WQUXGA^{[118][117][76]} (Wide Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that supports a resolution of3840 × 2400 pixels, which provides a 16:10 aspect ratio. This resolution is exactly four times1920 × 1200 pixels (WUXGA).

Some manufacturers refer to this resolution asUHD+^{[11][117][140][141]} because it has some additional lines compared toUHD (3840 × 2160).

Mostdisplay cards with a DVI connector are capable of supporting the3840 × 2400 resolution. However, the maximum refresh rate will be limited by the number of DVI links connected to the monitor. 1, 2, or 4 DVI connectors are used to drive the monitor using various tile configurations. Only the IBM T221-DG5 and IDTech MD22292B5 support the use of dual-link DVI ports through an external converter box. Many systems using these monitors use at least two DVI connectors to send video to the monitor. These DVI connectors can be from the same graphics card, different graphics cards, or even different computers. Motion across the tile boundary(ies) can showtearing if the DVI links are not synchronized. The display panel can be updated at a speed between 0 Hz and 41 Hz (48 Hz for the IBM T221-DG5, -DGP, and IDTech MD22292B5). The refresh rate of the video signal can be higher than 41 Hz (or 48 Hz) but the monitor will not update the display any faster even if graphics card(s) do so.^{[citation needed]}

In June 2001, WQUXGA was introduced in theIBM T220 LCD monitor using a LCD panel built by IDTech. LCD displays that support WQUXGA resolution include: IBM T220, IBM T221, Iiyama AQU5611DTBK,ViewSonicVP2290,^[142] ADTX MD22292B, and IDTech MD22292 (models B0, B1, B2, B5, C0, C2). IDTech was the original equipment manufacturer which sold these monitors to ADTX, IBM, Iiyama, and ViewSonic.^[143] However, none of the WQUXGA monitors (IBM, ViewSonic, Iiyama, ADTX) are in production anymore: they had prices that were well above even the higher end displays used by graphic professionals, and the lower refresh rates, 41 Hz and 48 Hz, made them less attractive for many applications.

Some hardware devices, smartphones in particular, use non-standard resolutions for their displays. Still, their aspect ratio or one of the dimensions is often derived from one of the standards. Many of them have bend edges, rounded corners, notches or islands for sensors, which may make some pixels invisible or unused.

After having used VGA-based3∶2 resolutions HVGA (480 × 320) and "Retina" DVGA (960 × 640) for several years in their iPhone and iPod products with a screen diagonal of 9 cm or 3.5 inches, Apple started using more exotic variants when they adopted the16∶9 aspect ratio to provide a consistent pixel density across screen sizes: first1136 × 640 with theiPhone 5(c/s) andSE 1st for 10 cm or 4 inch screens, and later the 1-megapixel resolution of1334 × 750 with theiPhone 6(s)/7/8 andSE 2nd/3rd for 12 cm or 4.7 inch screens, while devices with 14 cm or 5.5 inch screens usedstandard1920 × 1080 with theiPhone 6(s)/7/8 Plus.

Keeping the pixel density of previous models, theiPhone X(s) and11 Pro introduced a2436 × 1125 resolution for 15 cm or 5.8 inch screens, while theiPhone XS Max and11 Pro Max introduced a2688 × 1242 resolution for 17 cm or 6.5 inch screens (with a notch) all at an aspect ratio of roughly 13∶6 or, for marketing, 19.5∶9.Subsequent Apple smartphones andphablets stayed with that aspect ratio but increased screen size slightly with approximately constant pixel density. The resulting resolutions have longer sides divisible by 6 and hardly rounded shorter sides:1792 × 828 (iPhone 11,Xr),2532 × 1170 (12/13 (Pro),14),2556 × 1179 (14(Pro),15 Pro),2778 × 1284 (12/13 Pro Max,14 Plus),2796 × 1290 (14/15 Pro Max,15 Plus).The only Apple smartphone models that shared an ultra-wide19½∶9 resolution with Android phones were theiPhone 12/13 Mini with2340 × 1080.

Other manufacturers have also introduced phones with irregular display resolutions and aspect ratios, such as Samsung's various "Infinity" displays with 37∶18 =18½∶9 aspect ratios (Galaxy S8/S9 andA8/A9) at resolutions of2960 × 1440 and2220 × 1080.

2160 × 1080 is a resolution used by many smartphones since 2018. It has an aspect ratio of 18:9, matching that of theUnivisium film format.^[144]

Other phones feature an19∶9 aspect ratio with resolutions like3040 × 1440 (e.g.S10) and2280 × 1080 (S10e).

Even wider resolutions with the same aspect ratio of19½∶9 as iPhones are3120 × 1440 (e.g.S24+) or2340 × 1080 (Poco M3).

Some phones have an aspect ratio of ca.20∶9 at resolutions like2400 × 1080 (e.g.S10 Lite) and3200 × 1440 (e.g.S20).

Phones with foldable displays, e.g.Samsung Galaxy Z series, usually have non-systematic resolutions and aspect ratios, which are either roughly square when folded along the longer edge (Fold) or extremely tall when folded along the smaller edge (Flip).

Someair traffic control monitors use displays with a resolution of2048 × 2048, with an aspect ratio of 1:1,^[145] and similar consumer monitors at resolution of1920 × 1920 are also available aimed primarily at productivity tasks.^[146]

• Dot pitch
• List of common display resolutions
• Pixel density
• Ultrawide formats for history and comparison of video formats and displays, which are growing wider

• Computer display standards
• Graphics standards
• VESA

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