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QorIQ/ˈkɔːraɪkjuː/ is a brand ofARM-based andPower ISA–based communicationsmicroprocessors fromNXP Semiconductors (formerlyFreescale). It is the evolutionary step from thePowerQUICC platform, and initial products were built around one or moree500mc cores and came in five different product platforms, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, segmented by performance and functionality. The platform keeps software compatibility with olderPowerPC products such as the PowerQUICC platform. In 2012 Freescale announcedARM-based QorIQ offerings beginning in 2013.^[1]

The QorIQ brand and the P1, P2 and P4 product families were announced in June 2008. Details of P3 and P5 products were announced in 2010.

QorIQ P Series processors were manufactured on a45 nmfabrication process and was available in the end of 2008 (P1 and P2), mid-2009 (P4) and 2010 (P5).

QorIQ T Series is based on a28 nm process and is pushing a very aggressive power envelope target, capping at 30W. These are using the e6500 core with AltiVec and are expected to be shipping in 2013.

QorIQ LS-1 and LS-2 families are ARM based processors using theCortex A7,Cortex A9,A15,A53 andA72 cores upon theISA agnostic Layerscape architecture. They are available since 2013 and target low and mid range networking and wireless infrastructure applications.^[1]

The Layerscape (LS) architecture is the latest evolution of the QorIQ family, in that features previously provided byDPAA (like compression) may be implemented in software or hardware, depending on the specific chip, but transparent to application programmers.LS-1 and LS-2 are announced to useCortex A7,A9,A15,A53 andA72 cores.^[1]

The initial LS-1 series does not include any accelerated packet processing layer, focusing typical power consumption of less than 3W using twoCortex A7 with providing ECC for caches and DDR3/4 at 1000 to 1600 MT/s, dual PCI Express Controllers in x1/x2/x4 operation, SD/MMC, SATA 1/2/3, USB 2/3 with integrated PHY, and virtualized dTSEC Gigabit Ethernet Controllers.^[2]

LS1 means LS1XXX series (e.g., LS1021A, etc.); LS2 means LS2XXX series. LS2 means a higher performance level than LS1, and it does not indicate a second generation. The middle two digits of the product name are core count; the last digit distinguishes models, with, in most but not all cases, a higher digit meaning greater performance. “A” at the end indicates the Arm processor. LX designates the 16 nmFinFET generation.

The LS1 family is built on the Layerscape architecture is a programmable data-plane enginenetworking architecture. Both LS1 and LS2 families of processors offer the advanced, high-performancedatapath and network peripheral interfaces. These features are frequently required for networking, telecom/datacom,wireless infrastructure, military and aerospace applications.

Freescale Semiconductor Inc. (acquired by NXP Semiconductors in late 2015) announced a network processor system architecture said to give the flexibility and scalability required by network infrastructure OEMs to handle the market trends of connected devices, massive datasets, tight security, real-time service and increasingly unpredictable network traffic patterns.^[3][4][5]

The QorIQ P Series processors are based on e500 or e5500 cores. The P10xx series, P2010 and P2020 are based on the e500v2 core, P204x, P30xx and P40xx on the e500mc core, and P50xx on the e5500 core. Features include 32/32kB data/instructionL1 cache, 36-bit physical memory addressing [appended to the top of the virtual address in the process context, each process is still 32bit], adouble precisionfloating point unit is present on some cores (not all) and support forvirtualization through ahypervisor layer is present in products featuring the e500mc or the e5500. The dual and multi-core devices supports bothsymmetric andasymmetricmultiprocessing, and can run multiple operating systems in parallel.

TheP1 series is tailored for gateways, Ethernet switches, wireless LAN access points, and general-purpose control applications. It is the entry level platform, ranging from 400 to 800 MHz devices. It is designed to replace thePowerQUICC II Pro andPowerQUICC III platforms. The chips include among other integrated functionality,Gigabit Ethernet controllers, twoUSB 2.0 controllers, a security engine, a 32-bitDDR2 andDDR3 memory controller withECC support, dual four-channelDMA controllers, aSD/MMC host controller and high speed interfaces which can be configured asSerDes lanes,PCIe andSGMII interfaces. The chip is packaged in 689-pin packages which are pin compatible with the P2 family processors.^[6][7]

• P1010 – Includes one 800 MHz e500 core, 256 kBL2 cache, four SerDes lanes, three Gbit Ethernet controllers and aTDM engine for legacy phone applications.
• P1011 – Includes one 800 MHz e500 core, 256 kBL2 cache, four SerDes lanes, three Gbit Ethernet controllers and aTDM engine for legacy phone applications.
• P1020 – includes two 800 MHz e500 cores, 256 kB sharedL2 cache, four SerDes lanes, three Gbit Ethernet controllers and a TDM engine.

TheP2 series is designed for a wide variety of applications in the networking, telecom, military and industrial markets. It will be available in special high quality parts, with junction tolerances from −40 to 125°C, especially suited for demanding out doors environments. It is the mid-level platform, with devices ranging from 800 MHz up to 1.2 GHz. It is designed to replace thePowerQUICC II Pro andPowerQUICC III platforms. The chips include, among other integrated functionality, a 512 kB L2 cache, a security engine, threeGigabit Ethernet controllers, aUSB 2.0 controller, a 64-bitDDR2 andDDR3 memory controller withECC support, dual four-channelDMA controllers, aSD/MMC host controller and high speedSerDes lanes which can be configured as threePCIe interfaces, twoRapidIO interfaces and twoSGMII interfaces. The chips are packaged in 689-pin packages which are pin compatible with the P1 family processors.^[6][8]

• P2010 – Includes one 1.2 GHz core
• P2020 – Includes two 1.2 GHz cores, with shared L2 cache

TheP3 series is a mid performance networking platform, designed forswitching androuting. The P3 family offers a multi-core platform, with support for up to foure500mc cores at frequencies up to 1.5 GHz on the same chip, connected by the CoreNet coherency fabric. The chips include among other integrated functionality, integratedL3 caches, memory controller, multiple I/O-devices such asDUART,GPIO andUSB 2.0, security and encryption engines, a queue manager scheduling on-chip events and a SerDes based on-chip high speed network configurable as multiple Gigabit Ethernet,10 Gigabit Ethernet, RapidIO or PCIe interfaces.^[9]

The P3 family processors share the same physical package with, and are also software backwards compatible with, P4 and P5. The P3 processors have 1.3 GHz 64-bit DDR3 memory controllers, 18 SerDes lanes for networking, hardware accelerators for packet handling and scheduling, regular expressions, RAID, security, cryptography and RapidIO.

The cores are supported by a hardware hypervisor and can be run in symmetric or asymmetric mode meaning that the cores can run and boot operating systems together or separately, resetting and partitioning cores and datapaths independently without disturbing other operating systems and applications.

• P2040
• P2041
• P3041 – Quad 1.5 GHz cores, 128 kB L2 cache per core, single 1.3 GHz 64-bit DDR3 controller. Manufactured on a 45 nm process operating in a 12 W envelope.

TheP4 series is a high performance networking platform, designed forbackbone networking and enterprise levelswitching androuting. The P4 family offers an extreme multi-core platform, with support for up to eighte500mc cores at frequencies up to 1.5 GHz on the same chip, connected by the CoreNet coherency fabric. The chips include among other integrated functionality, integratedL3 caches, memory controllers, multiple I/O-devices such asDUART,GPIO andUSB 2.0, security and encryption engines, a queue manager scheduling on-chip events and a SerDes based on-chip high speed network configurable as multiple Gigabit Ethernet,10 Gigabit Ethernet, RapidIO or PCIe interfaces.

The cores are supported by a hardware hypervisor and can be run in symmetric or asymmetric mode meaning that the cores can run and boot operating systems together or separately, resetting and partitioning cores and datapaths independently without disturbing other operating systems and applications.

• P4080 – Includes eight e500mc cores, each with 32/32kB instruction/data L1 caches and a 128 kB L2 cache. The chip has dual 1 MB L3 caches, each connected to a 64-bit DDR2/DDR3 memory controller. The chip contains a security and encryption module, capable of packet parsing and classification, and acceleration of encryption andregexp pattern matching. The chip can be configured with up to eight Gigabit and two 10 Gigabit Ethernet controllers, three 5 GHz PCIe ports and two RapidIO interfaces. It also has various other peripheral connectivity such as two USB2 controllers. It is designed to operate below 30 W at 1.5 GHz. The processor is manufactured on a 45 nm SOI process and begun sampling to customers in August 2009.^[10]

To help software developers and system designers get started with the QorIQ P4080,Freescale worked withVirtutech to create avirtual platform for the P4080 that can be used prior to silicon availability to develop, test, and debug software for the chip. Currently, the simulator is only for the P4080, not the other chips announced in 2008.^[11]

Because of its complete set of network engines, this processor can be used for telecommunication systems (LTE eNodeB, EPC, WCDMA, BTS), soFreescale and 6WIND ported 6WIND's packet processing software to the P4080.^[12]

TheP5 series is based on the high performance64-bite5500 core scaling up to 2.5 GHz and allowing numerous auxiliary application processing units as well as multi core operation via theCoreNet fabric. The P5 series processors share the same physical package and are also software backwards compatible with P3 and P4. The P5 processors have 1.3 GHz 64-bit DDR3 memory controllers, 18 SerDes lanes for networking, hardware accelerators for packet handling and scheduling, regular expressions, RAID, security, cryptography and RapidIO.

Introduced in June 2010, samples will be available late 2010 and full production is expected in 2011.

Applications range from high end networking control plane infrastructure, high end storage networking and complex military and industrial devices.

• P5010 – Single e5500 2.2 GHz core, 1 MB L3 cache, single 1.333 lGHz DDR3 controller, manufactured on a 45 nm process and operating in a 30W envelope.
• P5020 – Dual e5500 2.2 GHz cores, dual 1 MB L3 caches, dual 1.333 lGHz DDR3 controllers, manufactured on a 45 nm process and operating in a 30W envelope.
• P5021 – Dual e5500 2.4 GHz cores, 1.6 GHz DDR3/3L. Sampling since March 2012; production expected in 4Q12.
• P5040 – Quad e5500 2.4 GHz cores, 1.6 GHz DDR3/3L. Sampling since March 2012; production expected in 4Q12.

In February 2011 Freescale introduced the QorIQQonverge platform which is a series of combined CPU andDSP SoC processors targeting wireless infrastructure applications.^[13] The PSC913x family chips uses an e500 core based CPU and StarCore SC3850 DSPs will be available in 2011, and is manufactured on a 45 nm process, with e6500 and CS3900 core based 28 nm parts available in 2012 called P4xxx.

The QorIQ Advanced Multiprocessing,AMP Series, processors are all based on the multithreaded 64-bite6500 core with integratedAltiVecSIMD processing units except the lowest end T1 family that uses the older e5500 core. Products will range from single core versions up to parts with 12 cores or more with frequencies ranging all the way up to 2.5 GHz. The processes will be sectioned into five classes according to performance and features, named T1 through T5, and will be manufactured in a 28 nm process beginning in 2012.^[14]

The T4 family uses the e6500 64-bit dual threaded core.

• T4240 – The first product announced and incorporates twelve cores, three memory controllers and various other accelerators.^[15]
• T4160 – A feature reduced version of the T4240 with only eight cores, and less I/O options and just two memory controllers.^[15]
• T4080 – A feature reduced version of the T4240 with only four cores, and less I/O options and just two memory controllers.^[15]

The T2 family uses the e6500 64-bit dual threaded core.

• T2080 andT2081 – Processors with four cores running at speeds of 1.5 to 1.8 GHz. The '81 parts comes in smaller package, slightly different I/O options and therefore fewer I/O pins.^[16] The T2081 is pin compatible with the lower end T104x and T102x parts.

The T1 family uses e5500 64-bit single, dual, and quad cores at 1.2 to 1.5 GHz with 256 kB L2 cache per core and 256kB shared CoreNet L3 cache.

• T1013 – Single-core, four SerDes lanes, four Gbit Ethernet ports, no Ethernet switch.^[17]
• T1014 – Single-core, four SerDes lanes, four Gbit Ethernet ports, no Ethernet switch.^[17]
• T1020 – Dual-core, four Gbit Ethernet ports and an eight-port Gbit Ethernet switch^[18]
• T1022 – Dual-core, five Gbit Ethernet ports, no Ethernet switch.^[19]
• T1023 – Dual-core, four SerDes lanes, four Gbit Ethernet ports, no Ethernet switch.^[17]
• T1024 – Dual-core, four SerDes lanes, four Gbit Ethernet ports, no Ethernet switch.^[17]
• T1040 – Quad-core, eight SerDes lanes, five Gbit Ethernet ports, eight-port Gbit Ethernet switch.^[18]
• T1042 – Quad-core, eight SerDes lanes, five Gbit Ethernet ports, no Ethernet switch.^[19]

The QorIQ products bring some new challenges in order to design some control planes of telecommunication systems and theirdata plane. For instance, when 4 or 8 cores are used, such as the P4080, in order to achieve millions of Packet Processing per seconds, the system does not scale withregular software stack because so many cores require a different system design.^[20] In order to restore simplicity and still get the highest level of performance, the telecommunication systems are based on a segregation of the cores. Some cores are used for the control plane while some others are used for a re-designeddata plane based on a Fast Path.

Freescale has partnered with networking company6WIND to provide software developers with a high-performance commercial packet processing solution for the QorIQ platform.^[21]

• PowerQUICC
• PowerPC e500
• PowerPC e6500

• NXP Semiconductors QorIQ website
• EE Times, NXP Processor Powers IoT, Networks
• Migrating PowerQUICC® III Processors to QorIQ™ Platforms
• QorIQ 45-nm communications MPUs feature dual cores, low power – ElectronicProducts.com
• MontaVista Provides First No-Cost Evaluation of Commercial Linux for Freescale QorIQ P4080 Multicore Processor – Money.AOL.com

• NXP Semiconductors
• Power microprocessors
• PowerPC microprocessors

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