Qiu Ying 仇英 | |
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| Born | 1494 (1494) |
| Died | 1552 (aged 57–58) |
| Known for | Gongbi |
| Movement | Zhou Chen,Wu School,Four Masters of the Ming dynasty |
| Patrons | Chen Guan,Zhou Fenglai (1523–1555),Xiang Yuanbian |
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Qiu Ying (Chinese:仇英;pinyin:Qiú Yīng;Wade–Giles:Ch'iu Ying; 1494–1552) was a Chinese painter of theMing dynasty who specialised in thegongbi brush technique.[1]
Qiu Ying'scourtesy name was Shifu (实父), and hisart name was Shizhou (十洲).[2] He was born to a peasant family inTaicang. His family moved toSuzhou (蘇州), where Qiu Ying apprenticed as a lacquer artisan, painting decorations on lacquer-ware. Despite his family's humble origins, he had natural talent and skill in painting. He later learned the art of painting fromZhou Chen (周臣, ca. 1450–1535).[1]
He painted with the support a few of wealthy patrons, working in the residences of Chen Guan (d. after 1557) inSuzhou, Zhou Fenglai (1523–1555) inKunshan, andXiang Yuanbian (1525–1590) inJiaxing inZhejiang Province.[2] With his special gift for copying paintings, Qiu Ying found favour among collectors, bringing him an opportunity to copy and learn fromSong andYuan dynasty paintings in the collections of theJiangnan area and greatly broadening his artistic scope. As Qiu Ying's skills in painting matured, a style of his own gradually emerged and took form.
Though Suzhou'sWu School encouraged painting in ink washes, Qiu Ying also painted in theblue-and-green style and incorporated different techniques into his paintings. His paintings on figure, landscape, and flower subjects all therefore have a quality of originality. His talent and versatility allowed him to become regarded as one of theFour Masters of the Ming dynasty.[2]
During the Ming dynasty,erotic literature became increasingly popular in Southern China. Erotic novels were accompanied by pictures known as "intimate play pictures" (秘戲圖) or "spring paintings" (春書). Qiu Ying was known for these erotic depictions, alongsideZhao Mengfu andTang Yin.[2]
Qiu Ying best known original works areHarp player in a pavilion (located at theMuseum of Fine Arts in Boston) andThe Emperor Guangwu Fording a River (National Gallery of Canada), andDwellings of the Immortals - Jade Cave Fairy (The Palace Museum in theForbidden City inBeijing, China).
His daughter,Qiu Zhu (仇珠, fl. 16th c.), and son-in-law, You Qiu (尤求, fl. 16th c.), followed him in painting. You Qiu served as a muralist for Wang Shizhen (1526–1590), a Ming dynasty poet.[2]
Work attributed to Qiu Ying is held in the permanent collections of several museums worldwide, including thePrinceton University Art Museum,[3] theIndianapolis Museum of Art,[4] theUniversity of Michigan Museum of Art,[5] thePenn Museum,[6] theMuseum of Fine Arts, Boston,[7] theNelson-Atkins Museum of Art,[8] and theBritish Museum.[9]
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